s s LO .CD CO 1 fmumu orm<T\ m ^uulibt*r. v Slue*, Chn fob fufc ttm -fftc OP qtt\ pecae N "iw- fo ^tn T *U online- tUnsuru- w Cm* <r b . Gmu fvcume -m mi?, ^w>. .1 t^fic cait(Vm $> ma tina tmfa pp >efinmf cclchvct ir. co^ cum f tic likwciw- minca tc-nore~ >i Tli^umtf Ixccnoa jg? W nfcO. ?Ccfc- m noon Tr^uofiuc ouxr. -; t ivouxc Ctrt^tnHxxc. Miivot^m ft ct CiUtn v. YQg&tx Vcf t^nCttunn>^Saq a^ c* ^ . ^ .pn\ tir a Oof t < Huim <ps" tnM^entice- tntnoa^ fl <n^ t^ <7mfEittcadtne cc A FORMULARY PAPAL PENITENTIARY IN THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY. EDITED BY HENRY CHARLES LEA, LL.D. PHILADELPHIA: LEA BROTHERS & CO., 1892. r r RODUCTION. IN the confusion which attended the disruption of the empire of Charlemagne Rome boasted that it was a haven of refuge for sinners a mother who welcomed to her bosom her erring children from all lands ; in her all these found pardon and protection. 1 This was not a solitary utterance for in the middle of the eleventh century the boast was reechoed more than once. 1 These invitations to wrong-doers, these assurances of forgiveness held out to criminals brought them thither in a constantly augmenting stream, and the fulfilment of the promises rendered difficult the enforcement of discipline and was the efficient cause of relaxation of morals everywhere. It seems to have com menced in the anarchy attending the downfall of the Merovingian monarchy, when even the deep-seated reverence of St. Boniface for the Holy See could not restrain him from complaining to Pope Zachary of the obstruction to which his reformatory efforts were thus subjected, since prelates convicted of the grossest offences came back from Rome armed with papal letters restoring them to their functions. 5 Under the stern rule of Charlemagne the abuse was checked, to flourish with redoubled vigor when his strong hand was withdrawn. In 878 Charles le Chauve addressed an earnest remonstrance to John VIII. ; he described the deplorable effect on the morals and discipline of the 1 In 862 Nicholas I. declares " Et quoniam ad hanc sanctam Komanam, cui Deo auctore deservimus ecclesiam, qu?e ob sui privilegii principatum, quo cseteras Dei ecclesias orbe universe diffusas excellit divinitus, de diversis mundi partibus quo- tidie multi sceleris mole oppress! confugiunt, remissionem scilicet et venialem sibi gratiam tribui supplici et ingenti cordis mcerore poscentes." Nicolai PP. I. Epist. xxn. 2 About 1065 Alexander II. says "Cum enim in hac petra in qua Christi eccle- sia redificata est singulare sit refugmm tribulantibus constitutum ut qui ad earn confugiunt semper soleant invenire solatium." Alexandri PP. II. Epist. xxxix. And his successor Gregory VII. declares "Prospicere tenemur et volumus ne quis ex fortuitis casibus per Roman* ecclesise visitationes laboris sui, quern ad earn veniendo sustinuit, debito frustraretur effectu." Comp. II. Lib. I. Tit. ii. c. 7 (Friedberg, Quinque Compilationes Antique, Leipzig, 1882, p. 66). 3 S. Bonifacii Epist. XLIX. VI INTRODUCTION. cisalpine churches when priests who had been regularly tried and sentenced at home hastened to Rome, whither it was impossible to follow them with witnesses and testimony, and on their own unsup ported statements obtained letters setting aside the judgments. 1 In Germany in 895 the great national council of Tribur denounced this supreme jurisdiction of Rome as a burden scarce to be endured, and it endeavored to diminish the evil by recommending bishops, when their priests gave them trouble with such letters, to imprison them until the genuineness of the documents should be proved. 2 In 1022 the council of Seligenstadt shows that Rome was exercising its spir itual jurisdiction over the laity with the same results; complaint is made that sinners guilty of capital offences refuse to submit to the penance imposed on them by their confessors, preferring to go to Rome in the full confidence that all sins are pardoned there ; this is for bidden for the future, the penance enjoined is first to be performed, after which the journey to Rome may be undertaken with letters and license from the bishop: 5 That this evil did not decrease with time is seen by the preservation of this canon by St. Ivo of Chartres nearly a century later. 4 We are not without individual examples at this period of the exercise of this papal power and of the resistance which it excited. The holy St. Fulbert Bishop of Chartres writes to Pope John XIX. (1024-1033) about the misdeeds of Count Raoul who had assailed the church of Chartres, slain one of its ecclesiastics with his own hand and forced others to take oaths to him : summoned to answer in both the episcopal and royal courts he had failed to appear and had been excommunicated, when he quietly departed to Rome to obtain absolu tion. Fulbert begs the pope to inflict due punishment on the offender and with scant courtesy adjures him not to commit the offence of re ceiving him to communion. 5 It is quite possible that this vigorous remonstrance may have been effective, for the supreme jurisdiction of the Holy See was not as yet so firmly established as to be beyond appeal. About the same time Stephen Bishop of Clermont excom municated Pons Count of Auvergne for abandoning his wife and taking another, whereupon the offender betook himself to Rome and obtained absolution from John XIX. Bishop Stephen complained of 1 I lineman Epist xxxir. cap. 20. That this remonstrance was reasonable is seen in the cases recited in papal letters 44 and o3 of Lowenfeld s Epistt. Pontiff". inedft , pp. 23, 30. 2 Concil. Tribnr ann. 895 c. 30. 3 Concil. Salegunstad. ann. 1022 c. 13. 4 Decreti P. xv. c. 184. 5 S Fulberti Carnotens. Epist. LXXXIV. (olim xxn.). INTRODUCTION. Vll this invasion of his episcopal rights and the pope humbly apologized, withdrawing the absolution which he said had been given in ignorance of the excommunication, and remitting the culprit to the mercy of the bishop. 1 This rebuff led to no amendment in the practice of the papal court, for a few years later we find John XIX. granting a free pardon, without conditions or penance, to Hugues Bishop of Auxerre who as bishop had continued to prosecute a war which he had commenced as Count of Chalons before entering the Church/ Bitter were the com plaints at the council of Limoges in 1032 of the confusion caused in Aquitaine by the unjust absolutions granted by Fope John to those whom their bishops had righteously excommunicated, and the example was held up for imitation of the Bishop of Angouleme, who on such a papal letter being presented to him had refused to receive it on the ground that it must be fraudulent. 3 The council moreover decreed that no one should receive absolution from the pope without consultation with his bishop, but it approved of the reference by bishops to the Holy See of cases of peculiar difficulty. 1 Leo IX. was a pope of a higher type than John XIX. but he exercised his authority with equal reck lessness when he restored to his functions, on a simple promise of satisfaction, Gregory Bishop of Vercelli, who had been excommuni cated by a Roman synod for perjury and incestuous adultery. In the end remonstrance and resistance were alike in vain. The Holy See pursued its aims with undeviating persistence ; the local churches were unorganized for defence against its encroachments, their independ ence was undermined and Rome established its supreme jurisdiction as a matter of undoubted law and fact. This jurisdiction was not simply appellate, but was also original ; it was a court both of first instance and of last resort, and it embraced moreover everything that could by any construction come within the constantly widening limits of eccle siastical supervision. It did not disdain to listen to the most trivial 1 Profiteer quippe omnibus consacerdotibus meis ubique ten-arum adjutorem me et consolatorem potius esse quam contradictorem. Absit enim schisma a me et a coepiscopis meis. Itaque illam poenitentiam et absolutionenr quam tuo ex- communicato ignoranter dederam et ille fraudulenter accepit irritam facio et cassam, ut de ilia nihil aliud speret quam maledictionem quoad satisfactum tu juste absolvas. Concil. Lemovicens. ann. 1032 Sess. ii. (Harduin. VI. i. 890). 2 Johann. PP. XIX. Epist. xvn. 3 Concil. Lemovicens. ann. 1032 Sess. ii. (Harduin. VI. i. 890) "dum quos isti juste ligant ille injuste absolvit." * Ibidem. " Nam inconsulto episcopo suo ab Apostolico poenitentiam et abso- lutionem nemini accipere liceat." 5 Hermanni Contract! Chron. ann. 1051. V1| l I XT RO DUCT ION. scruples of conscience ; it did not hesitate to grapple with the largest questions that shook the equilibrium of the European commonwealth. Although occasionally it unquestionably remedied some injustice or prevented an oppression, in general it was undoubtedly an evil, for it assumed to do what was beyond human power to accomplish to decide upon all cases of morals and discipline in virtual ignorance of the facts, and it thus introduced everywhere confusion of morals and relaxation of discipline. The proceedings of episcopal courts were perpetually crip pled by appeals to Rome at all stages of a trial ; episcopal sentences were liable to be set aside or to be forestalled ; the most wholesome regulations were habitually annulled by dispensations, and the labor of the journey was openly advanced as a reason justifying the relaxa tion of the established canons of the Church in favor of the applicant. 1 As expressed in case 1 of rubric cxix. of our Formulary, addressed to the Bishop of Assisi who had suspended a priest for perjury, "ex quo virgam patris sensit in pena, sed ad ubera matris aspirat pro venia, ut post vini rigorem olei sentiat lenimentum." Evidences of all this will be constantly found in the following pages, and their demoralizing influence is not simply a matter of inference. As regards the effect of appeals, Robert Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln, in his hardy address to Innocent IV. in 1250, describes how they nulli fied the efforts on the part of bishops to punish the crimes and sins of their subjects, and how they granted virtual immunity to offenders. 2 1 I>ie romisdien Papste salien init Koclit den Bussweg naeh Rom als einen zuverlassigen Beweis der Bekehrung und als einen hohen Grad der innern Zerknirschungan. Binterim, Denkwiirdigkeiten, Bd. V. Th. m S. 188. Cum etiam episcopus vel alms pastor nititur cLemonia fornicationis, adulterii et cu terorum criminalium a suis subditis expellere et vitiorum languores curare, quidam eorum per legistanim argutias statim prrerumpunt in vocem Appellationis ad hanc sedem et tuitionem ad sedein archiepiscopalem, per cujus sedis tuitiones ipsi libcre ut jumenta computrescunt in stercore voluptatnra vitiorum suorum ad minus per annum et hac occasione ut frequenter contingit in perpetuum. Kob. Grosseteste Serra. (Fasciculus Kerum Expetend. et Fugiend. Ed. 1690 II. 2o5-(>). See also the complaints of the Germans at the council of Con stance in 1418 (Von der Hardt I. xxn. 1002). An epistle of Alexander III. shows how appeals to Rome were also utilized by the prelates to emancipate themselves and their territories from all subjection to law. Compilat. I. Lib. n. Tit. xx. c 25 (Ed. Friedberg, p. 25). Cap. 33 indicates other evils arising from the same source. In 1187 Gregory VIII. complained that the enormous rush of this business to Rome rendered attention to weightier matters impossible, wherefore he ordered that all cases of less than twenty marks in value should be settled at home (Ibid. c. 47) which shows that at that period the curia was not systematically organized for the work as it became subsequently This does not appear to be have been effective for his successor Clement 111., INTRODUCTION. ix As for pardons and dispensations, when Paul III., in 1538, appointed a commission of the leading cardinals of the Sacred College Sadoleto, Caraifa (afterwards Paul IV.), Contarini and Reginald Pole to draw up a scheme of reformation for the curia, they referred in the most forcible terms to the indescribable scandals and evils arising from the sale of pardons by the Penitentiary, as pervading the whole of Christen dom and preventing all wholesome enforcement of discipline every where; such monstrous abuses, they assert, are sufficient to destroy any human society tolerating them, and they adjure him earnestly, by the blood of Christ, to put an end to them. 1 That the Penitentiary had been venal from the beginning can well be believed. The concurrent testimony of Europe throughout the Middle Ages as to the rapacity of the curia is too emphatic to be called in question. In the middle of the twelfth century St. Bernard addressing Eugenius III. assumes that the whole discipline of the Church is directed to the extortion of money, which Italy grasps with insatiable greed. 2 As a means of accomplishing this object the Peni tentiary was especially adapted, for it had the granting of absolutions and dispensations practically without supervision. How eagerly every after reciting other evils arising from appeals authorizes the bishops to refuse them in cases under 40 sols, in value. Comp. II. Lib. n. Tit xix. c. 12 (Ibid. p. 78). Soon afterwards, to check mere dilatory appeals, which were exceedingly common, Ccelestin III. empowered bishops to excommunicate those who did not within tAventy days set out for Rome (Ibid. c. 19). After this the policy of the curia changed. It was probably reorganized on a footing which enabled it to dispose of the business and reap the harvest thence arising. None of these restrictive decrees are retained in the Decretals of Gregory IX., and in their place we have the earlier ones of Alexander III. granting one, two, and even more years in which to prosecute an appeal, and ordering them to be entertained in the most trivial cases (c. 5, 8, 11, Extra Lib. 11. Tit. xxviii.). 1 Alius abusus magnus et minime tolerandus, quo universus populus Christianus scandalizatur est ex impedimentis quse inferuntur episcopis in gubernatione sua- rum ovium, maxime in puniendis scelestis et corrigendis. Nam primo multis viis eximunt se mali homines, prsesertim clerici, a jurisdictione sui ordinarii : deinde, si non sunt exempti, confugiunt statim ad Poenitentiariam vel ad Datariam, ubi confestim inveniunt viam impunitati et quod pejus est ob pecuniam pra^stitam : hoc scandalum, beatissime pater, tantopere conturbat Christianuui populum ut non queat verbis explicari. Tollantur, obtestamur sanctitatem tuam per sangui- nem Christi quo redemit sibi ecclesiam eamque lavit eodem sanguine, tollantur hse maculae, quibus si daretur quispiam aditus in quacunque hominum republica aut regno confestim, aut paulo post, in prseceps rueret, nulloque pacto diutius con stare posset ; et tamen putamus nobis licere ut per nos in Christianam rem- publicam inducantur haec monstra. Le Plat, Monument. Concil. Trident. II. 601. 2 An non qua?stibus ejus tota legum canonumque disciplina insudat? An non spoliis ejus omnis Italica inhiat inexplebili aviditate rapacitas? S. Bernard! de Considerat. Lib. in. c. 1 $ 5. X INTRODUCTION. opportunity of effecting this was seized is aptly illustrated by a faculty of Innocent IV. in 1243 to the Abbot of Nidarholm in Iceland. Few penitents from so distant a spot could be expected to visit Rome and it was more profitable to establish a local Penitentiary there. The abbot is therefore authorized to grant absolution in certain cases on the payment by the offenders of what the journey to Rome and back would cost them the Holy Land as usual being designated as the recipient of the proceeds. 1 Whether the notorious Taxes of the Peniten tiary be authentic or not is a question only of detail and not of prin ciple, for the pecuniary redemption of penance was a practice established for centuries in fact, until the Reformation opened men s eyes to the enormity of such transactions, there was no hesitation in carrying on the traffic openly. When its propriety began to be questioned, a consultation submitted to Pius III. in 1536 argues that it is perfectly legitimate to receive money for the pardon of sins and the granting of dispensations. 2 It is therefore no wonder that men had no hesitation in believing and asserting that the system was devised wholly for the benefit of the papal treasury and without regard to its deplorable effect on morals. In 1359 when Innocent VI. made a demand on the German clergy and Charles IV. gathered his magnates at Mainz to listen to the papal legate, Conrad von Alzey, chancellor of Rupert Count Palatine, in enumerating the methods by which Rome impoverished Germany included the money paid for absolutions/ 1 and Charles himself, whose devotion to the Holy See earned for him the title of " the priests emperor," reproached the legate with the unchecked license and vileness of the clergy, for Rome was solely occupied with seizing the fleeces of the flock and cared nothing about the salvation of the sheep or the enforcement of dis cipline. 1 It is true that in 1327 John XXII. from Avignon made a 1 Berger, Kegistres d Innocent IV. Xo. 124 (T. I. p. 25). 2 Item, in alio genere gratiaruni spiritualiuni quibus adjunctn est absolutio a peccatn ({iiopiam, crcdimus, si ratio persona? et peccati id poscere videatur, quod non pro concessione gratiie neque pro absolutione sed pro peccati satisfaction possit imponi mulcta pecnniaria expendenda in pias iinpensas quas pluriraas facit Sanctitas tua in operibu.s piis innumeris. Dollinger, Beitrage zur politischen, kirohliehen nnd Cultur-Geschichte, III. 210. So a.s to dispensations "Quod vero dispensations pecunia redimantur justa caret reprehensione quandoquidem soluta pecunia vel loco poenre succedit, cum scilicet jam sacris canonibus contraventum est." Ibid. p. 232. 3 Pro .... gratiis ac variis privileges absolutionibuaque. Tritheui. Annal. Hirsatig. ann. 1359. 4 Sine ordine vivunt ubique, sine honestate, sine timore Dei in omni libertate peccantes, et nemo est qui corrigat, nemo qui prohibeat, nemo qui emendet, Vos auteni Komani paste res et pontitices lanam rapientes nihil de salute oviuin estis Kolliciti Ibid. INTRODUCTION. xi show of virtuous indignation in accusing his penitentiaries in Rome of selling pardons a culpa et a pcena to usurers and concubinarians, of boasting that they held the keys of heaven and hell, and of delegating their powers to others through whom their unhallowed gains might be augmented, but the real cause of John s wrath was not this simony, in which he was himself steeped to the lips, but the absolutions granted by the culprits to Louis of Bavaria and his adherents in his Italian expedition which culminated in the election of the antipope Piero di Corbaria. 1 If John effected any reform by this outburst it could not have been permanent, for among the good deeds recorded of Cardinal Annibaldo, whom Clement VI. sent to Rome to conduct the Jubilee of 1350, it is recorded that he dismissed, fined and imprisoned the penitentiaries. 2 This was equally ineffective, for early in the next century John Gerson is careful to include the Penitentiary among the instrumentalities by which all the wholesome discipline of the Church was destroyed and the curia, more depraved in morals and in deeds than any secular court, was rendered a market-place for the sale of its spiritual wares to the highest bidder. ! Of course in the Formulary here printed there is no direct evidence of all this, for the very nature of the letters addressed to the prelates of the culprits precludes any allusions to such traffic, but the internal evidence is strong. In rubrics vi.-xi. the difference in the orders of restoration to benefices resigned on account of simony is strongly sug- 1 Necnon usurarios et concubinarios manifestos, forma ecclesite prsetermissa, et quosdam alios a pcena et a culpa, ut suis fatuis verbis et pnesumptuosis utainur, absolverunt hactemis et absolvere in suarum animarum dispendium, se claves habere paradisi et inferni temerariis jactantes ausibus, moliuntur ; nihilominus ad qwestus execrandos et illicitos tarn per se quam per alios quos sibi substituisse in Pcenitentiarise officio propria temeritate dicimtur, extendendo damnabiliter et impudice, respersi ccecitate avaritise sicut asseritur, maims suas. Bullarium Vaticanum, I. 273. 2 Pcenitentiarios mulctavit, deposuit et in vincula conjecit. Vit. Xicolai Lau- rentii Lib. in. c 2 (Muratori, Antiq. T. VII. p. 880). 3 He complains of the papal power in dispensing with the canons, whose "statute, crescente avaritia pontificum, cardinalium et prselatorum, tarn per papae reservationes quam per iniquas camene apostolic* constitutiones, et cancellarire regulas, et formulas audientiae causarum rotre, et ambitiosas dispensations, abso- lutiones, indulgentias, confessionalia, officium poenitentiariae, sint fere immutata, annihilata et quasi in derisum et oblivionem posita . . . Ita ut jam non videatur Romana curia esse nisi quoddam forum publicum ad quod quo quis plura porta- verit plura mercimonia habebit . . . Ita ut quae solebat esse curia spiritualis jam facta sit nundialis, diabolica, tyrannica et pejor in moribus, etiam in factis civilibus quam alia curia saecularis. Jo. Gersoni de Reformat. Ecclesiae c. xvii. (Von der Hardt, T. I. P. v. pp. 107, 110, 111). Xll INTRODUCTION. gestive of difference in the liberality of the several penitents. Equally suggestive is the almost uniformly favorable character of the decisions which, except in cases involving heresy or opposition to papal author ity, lean to the side of mercy, reckless of the damage to morals and discipline. In many cases indeed bribery is the readiest explanation of the uncalled-for lenity shown. There were few graver offences in the eyes of the curia than the forgery or falsification of papal letters and yet in the rubrics XLVIII. and XLIX. we have instances of deacons guilty of this who are allowed to continue in the exercise of their functions, although the canon law, in the contemporary Decretals of Gregory IX., provided that clerks committing this crime should be perpetually deprived of office and benefice, be degraded and handed over to the secular arm for condign punishment. 1 80 in rubric CLXII. there is a case of an apostate subdeacon who for twenty years or more had served as a soldier, and who is readmitted to his functions with eligibility for promotion on his simple declaration that he had not been concerned in any death or mutilation. Case 3 of rubric LXXVII. presents us with a priest who had knowingly received goods stolen from his own church and had continued celebrating mass in spite of the excommunication of all concerned in the sacrilegious robbery: his bishop apparently had declined to absolve him, but had given him letters to the Penitentiary, which not only granted absolution but dispensation for the " irregularity " incurred in exercising his func tions while thus under excommunication. Sometimes indeed the Penitentiary seems to have had the grace to feel ashamed of the part which it was playing, and its letters, like that in rubric cxxxix., are models of a skilful avoidance of responsibility, while recommending mercy under a cloud of vague and ambiguous phrases the case in question being the atrocious one of a mock marriage celebrated by a priest to deceive a woman. The effect of all this on the discipline of the Church could not fail to be deplorable, and it may be regarded as one of the leading causes 1 Cap. 7 Extra Lib. v. Tit. xx. The evil customs introduced by the venality of the Middle Ages left an indelible impression on the Church. Somewhat similar to the above cases is one provided for in a formula of the modern Penitentiary. A friar obtains fraudulent papal letters permitting him to leave his order: he ministers as a secular priest till he is over seventy years of age and then, assuming that he is too old to endure the rigors of conventual life, he applies to the Peni tentiary for absolution and a dispensation to continue his priestly functions, which are duly granted. Marc. Paul. Leonis Praxis ad Litteras Maioris Po?nitentiarii, Mediolani, KXio, p. 333. There is another formula of absolution for falsifying a papal absolution (p. 374). INTRODUCTION. xiii of the laxity prevalent during the Middle Ages. Every culprit con demned at home was sure of a hearing by the Penitentiary on ex parte statements, and of a sympathizing letter addressed to his prelate which, coming from such a source, was equivalent to a command. The Formu lary is crowded with such cases, which must necessarily have produced a most disheartening effect on those who were endeavoring to repress the perpetual disorders of the clergy. Thus rubric LXXXIX. concerns a priest accused of homicide and put on his purgation, in which he failed, this being, under the law of the period, equivalent to conviction. His bishop necessarily deprived him of function and benefice, whereupon he hastened to Rome, complaining that the bishop had not been im partial in the selection of the compurgators, and he returns with a letter ordering his restoration. Case 2 of rubric xxvur. is a curious story in which an ecclesiastic relates that when travelling with a canon regular he killed his companion with blows with the flat of a sword because the latter had insisted on bringing a woman to bed with him : for this his bishop suspended him, but is now ordered not only to re store him but to account to him for the fruits of his benefice during his suspension. In case 6 of the same rubric we have a homicide monk forced back upon his abbot who had ejected him. In case 1 of rubric LXVII. we find the Penitentiary impartially issuing letters in favor of both sides to a controversy, to the no small confusion of the matter. 1 ^ Case 2 of rubric cxix. shows us a priest guilty of perjury, whom his bishop refused to relieve from suspension on the strength of letters from one of the penitentiaries, and who now obtains another from the whole body, in which the labor and expense of his double visit to Rome are given as a reason for restoring him. Similarly in rubric cxxxvin. a bishop is instructed to moderate the rigor of a decree of the Lateran Council in view of the labor entailed on the offender by coming to Rome. Case 2 of rubric CLXI. concerns a monk in priestly orders who had quitted his convent and led a vagabond life, subsisting on the administration of the sacraments, and who is now sent back with orders for his readmission. 2 It is true that usually the pre- 1 The unutterable perplexities, expenses and delays caused by the habit of the curia of selling its letters to all applicants are well exhibited in a case under Alexander III. when a priest and a burgher of Reims had a suit over a house Each party made two journeys to Rome and each came back with letters in his favor. Finally both suitors appeared together before the pope when he coolly referred the matter for settlement to the Archbishop of Reims. Compilat II. Lib. n. Tit. xv. c. 3 (Friedberg, p. 74). 2 There is a formula for a somewhat similar case in Leone s Praxis, p. 317. In another (p. 331) a friar steals a sum of money, flies and enters another order at a xiv INTRODUCTION. late is instructed to administer "competent" penance, but by this time the penitential system was breaking down and the moderate fasts and distance : lie obtains absolution and a dispensation to remain in his new home and exercise his priestly functions. A fifteenth century formula for such cases kills the fatted calf for the prodigal son in a manner which goes far to explain the deplorable monastic discipline of the pre-Reformation period. Despite its length it is too characteristic of the time to be omitted "Yenerabilibus et religiosis viris dominis abbati et conventui monasterii N. ordinis N. diocesis N. omnibusque aliis et singulis etc. Idcirco auctoritate apos- tolica nobis commissa et qua fungimur in hac parte vos dominos abbatem et con- ventum onmesqiie alios etc quatenus infra sex dierum spatium post presentatio- nem et notiticationem predictarum litterarum apostolicarum et presentis nostri processus ac requisitionem vobis per prefatum N. fact um immediate sequentium (quorum sex dierum etc. assignamus prefatum X. Deo et ordine suo reconciliari volentes, qui habitu regulari dimisso diutius incessit per seculum, vestes deferens laicales, non tamcn animo apostatandi, recipiatis vestrumque quilibet recipiat in monachum at(]iie fratrem et sincera in domino caritate ibidem tractetis et quilibet vestrum tractet. Vosque domine abbas ipsum fratrem N. monachum vestrum quamprimo in monasterio vestro receptus fuerit immediate per vos vel alium ab excommunicationis sententia si quam ineurrit habitum suum regularem ut pre- mittitur dimittendo in foro conscience absolvatis et super excessibus et reatibus quibuscunque per quos ipse ante vel post habitus sui dimissionem in ordine suo vel extra et perjurio etiam vel alia causa irregularitatem ineurrit dispensetis cum eodeni, imposita tamen sibi pro modo culpe penitentia salutari. Venim quia nimius rigor vel penalis asperitas ob fragilitatem carnis humane interdum non edificat sed corrumpit penam vel penitentiam ex dicti ordinis statutis vel predicti monasterii consuetudine sibi in hac parte imponendum circa eundem fratrem N. qui sponte ad suam religionem revertitur auctoritate apostolica prefata vobis sub penis infrascriptis precipimus et mandamus quatenus taliter etiam misericorditer moderetis quod ipse frater N. ant alii consimiles ejus exemplo a suorum resump- tione religionis et habitus minime retrahantur. Inhibens etiam ut postquam ipse N. in dicto monasterio sic receptus fuerit et pena sen penitentia religionis hujus- modi circa ipsum fuerit temperata, penam ipsam vel penitentiam eidem aggravare (liialitercunque minime presumatis seu per alium vel alios permittatis aggravari. Decernentes si secus feceritis eundem N. ad earum observationem aliqualiter non teneri sed cum in pacis tranquillitate etspiritu benignitatis modis omnibus quibus poteritis foveatis et supradictis nostris ymo verius apostolicis mandatis et moni- tionibus efficaciter pareatis ita et taliter quod non possitis de inobedientia vel negligentia in aliquo reprehendi. Quod si forte premissa omnia et singula non adimpleveritis aut aliquid in contrarium feceritis seu eundem fratrem N. mona chum vestrum in dicto monasterio vestro recipere denegaveritis aut eum suspen- dendo interdicendo vel excommunicando, seu interdictum, suspensum vel excom- municatum denunciando seu reputando, i)rohibendo, carcerali custodie eum mancipando, habitum regularem seu alimenta eidem subtrahendo, ipsum claus- tro vel habitatione claustrali exponendo, verba opprobriosa de facto etiam infe- rendo seu alias contra ipsum quoquoraodo attemptaveritis propter quod ipse vel INTRODUCTION. XV psalmody customarily prescribed had few terrors for any one, especially as the pecuniary redemption of penance was a long-established custom. 1 If the influence of the Penitentiary on discipline was thus disastrous, on morals it was equally so, and in the Formulary we find ample con firmation of the general complaints to this effect. Many of the cases already cited illustrate this, but a few more examples maybe instanced. In rubric LXXXII. we find a priest who out of malice sets fire to the house of one of his parishioners, resulting in its destruction and in that of a neighbor ; for this the Penitentiary absolves him and sends him back to his bishop with orders to reinstate him on the payment of the damages. Rubric LIX. tells us of a priest who steals a book from his own church and pawns it, and then to satisfy his flock publicly ex communicates the unknown thief and continues to celebrate while thus alii consimiles a suorum resumptione habitus et religionis quoquomodo retralii valeant aut quicquid in contrarium feceretis, sen si monitione, inhibition et man- datis nostris hujusmodi ymo verius apostolicis non parueritis cum effectu Xos in vos dominum abbatem et singulos raonachos et converses vestros et personas et quoscunque alios in premissis et contra premissa ad impedientes monitionem inhibi- tionem et mandata predicta aut ipsum X. ad status et habitus sui resumptionem et restitutionem ac religionis gradum pristinum dantes auxiliuni, consilium vel favorem seu quominus idem X. in predicto monasterio recipiatur et caritative tractetur penaque seu.penitentia ordinis vel monasterii seu religionis predicte juxta mandatum apostolicum et nostrum presentem processum circa ipsum valeat misericorditer temperari et temperata sine aggravatione aliqua observari, ex nunc prout ex tune et e converse dicta canonica monitione premissa singulariter in singulos excommunicationis, In conventu vero dicti monasterii suspensionis et in ipsum monasterium ac ecclesiam ejusdam interdict! ecclesiastic! sententias feri- mus in his scriptis et etiam promulgamus. Ceterum etc. usque procurent ac dictum fratrem X. in dicto monasterio recipi et ibidem sincera in domino caritate tractari penamquevelpenitentiam ordinis vel religionis ac monasterii predicti circa ipsum fratrem X. misericorditer temperari et temperatam sine aggravatione aliqua obser vari facient et procurent. Et generaliter etc." Formularium Instrumentorum ad usum Curie Romane fol. 81 (sine nota, sed Memmingje: v. Hain, 7276). This seems not to be a letter emanating directly from the Penitentiary, but in execution of its decision and under its authority. See op. tit. fol. 90. 1 The Gloss on the canon law, authoritative at this period, says "Consulo quod ad vitandam inobedientiam et transgressionem talibus nulla aut pauca satisfactio injungatur sub prsecepto, et quod concedatur eis quod liceat eis jejunium sibi injunctum aut orationes aut eleemosynas et qusecunque alia sibi injuncta redimere cum voluerint." Job. Friburgensis Sumnue Confessorum Lib. in Tit xxxiv Q. 135. The penitential canons were still nominally in force for public offences (c. 2, Extra v. xxxviii. ; c. 8 Extra v. i. ; c. 2 Extra v. 2. Cf. Joann. de Honestis Pce ni - tentialis Lib. i. c. 3), but for private sins the penance was left to the discretion of the confessor, as denned by Innocent III. (c. 8 Extra v. xxxviii. Cf. S. Bonaven- turae Confessionale cap. iii. partic. 1). B X vi INTRODUCTION. under his own excommunication ; when the fraud becomes known his archdeacon interdicts him and he applies to the Penitentiary which orders the interdict removed on the ground that no one can excommu nicate or absolve himself. The group of cases under rubrics LXXXIII.- LXXXVI. shows how readily pardon could be obtained for public and persistent concubinage and explains why the enforcement of the rule of chastity on the priesthood was so complete a failure in spite of the spasmodic efforts of reforming councils and prelates. 1 The curious code of artificial morality thus created is illustrated in case 2 of rubric LIL, where a monk who has committed incest with a nun finds the gravamen of his offence not in the pollution of a bride of Christ, but in the fact that he had infringed the inviolability of ecclesiastical persons by once beating his paramour. 2 Similarly in case 1 of rubric cxxvi., if a woman with whom a deacon is living is merely his concu bine, he is to be absolved ; if he has married her he is to be prosecuted with the full rigor of episcopal jurisdiction. 3 The cases under rubric 1 Tliis papal condonation of immorality continued till the end of the Middle Ages. About 1450 Nicholas V. prohibited the members and officials of the curia from keeping concubines under pain <>f forfeiture of office and incapacity for pre ferment " nisi inhabilitatem suam antea per dict;e sedis litteras obtinuerint absolvi." Septimi Decretal. Lib. in. Tit. i. cap. o. Among the formulas given by Leone (Pruxis, p. 324) is one by which a priest who has committed an abortion on a woman whom he seduced is allowed to retain his parish and continue his func tions. There is a quaint admission of the impossibility of priestly continence in a fifteenth century formulary of practice before the curia. In a case where a priest brings an action against a person who had stigmatized him as a public fornicator and concubinarian the plaintiff is made to describe himself as " sobrius et castus et ab omni actu fornicario abstinens (juantum humnn-i fragllitns sinit." Formu- larium Advocatorum et Procuratorum Romane Curie, Basilee, 1493, fol. Ixxi. J In a modern case, where a priest seduces a nun in the parlor of her convent and continues to celebrate mass in spite of the excommunication incurred, he is restored to his functions except the hearing of confessions, is prohibited from entering any nunnery and is declared incapable of obtaining benefices. Leonis Praxifj p. 330. Disabilities of this kind however seem to be only temporary. Thus another formula recites that some nuns introduced a man into their convent ; for this they obtained absolution coupled with incapacity to fill offices of dig nity in the house. After enduring this for awhile they apply for a dispensation removing it, which is granted and they are declared capable of holding any office. Ib. p. 383. 3 Notwithstanding this exhibition of determination to enforce clerical celibacy the constant interference of the curia rendered that rule almost as difficult to execute as the prohibition of concubinaiianism. About 1195 the Bishop of Con stance applied to Cu-lestin III. for aid in ousting a deacon who while in holy orders had kept a concubine for six years and on her death had married a wife, INTRODUCTION. X vii cxix. show us how much more leniently the crime of perjury was re garded in Rome than by the local bishops. When Rome was thus looked upon as a fountain of pardon for all infractions of the deca logue, it need not surprise us to see (rubric cxxxiv.) an adulteress who, on becoming a widow, had married her lover, applying to the Penitentiary for aid and counsel to protect her from evil-speaking tongues, and who was sent back to her bishop with a letter instructing him to leave her in peace, while nothing is said about the five years penance provided for such cases. 1 It would be superfluous to adduce more examples, for there are few among these cases which do not illustrate all this to a greater or less degree. We can readily accept the assertion of Bishop Grosseteste, in 1250, that the curia through its dispensations and provisions and granting of benefices to the unfit was the primary cause of the unspeakable moral degradation of the priesthood. 2 It was not an unnatural development from all this that in the popular belief the papal power was equal to granting absolution in advance for sins to be committed, as is seen in Dante s recital of the interview between Guido da Montefeltro and Boniface VIII. where the pope absolves him on the spot for the sin which he urges him to commit : Fin or t assolvo, e tu m insegni fare Si come Penestrino in terra getti. Lo Ciel poss io serrare e disserrare Corne tu sai : pero son due le chiavi. INFERNO, xxvir. In considering the records of the Formulary it must be borne in mind that they are not to be regarded as mere isolated cases. The retaining his benefice all the while in spite of all efforts to deprive him. To the bishop s appeal the answer was to leave the offender in peace. Compilat. II. Lib. i. Tit. xi. c 1 (Friedberg, p. 70). Nearly as disheartening was the experi ence of the Bishop of Terouane who, about 1220, reported to Honorius III. that in his diocese clerks in holy orders did not hesitate to marry, alleging in defence the custom of the land. On this the pope ordered him to deprive them of their benefices, but when he proceeded to do so they had no difficulty in procuring papal letters confirming them in possession and enabling them to persecute him. It is true that on the matter being explained to Honorius he had no scruple in cancelling his letters, but he treats the transaction as a matter of course. Com pilat. V. Lib. ii Tit. xx. c. 4; Lib. in. Tit. ii. c. 2 (Ibid. pp. 168-9). 1 Gratian, c. 7 Caus. xxxi. Q. i., preserved even in the Canones Pcenitentiales of Astesanus, c. 9. 2 After describing in the most vigorous terms the appalling vices of the priest hood Grosseteste, addressing Innocent IV. adds "Causa fons et origo hujus est hiec curia, non solum eo quod hrec mala non dissipat et has abominationes non purgat, cum ea sola hoc maxime possit et ad hue summe teneatur, sed eo amplius quod ipsa quoque per suas dispensationes et provisiones et collationes curre pasto- xviii INTRODUCTION. collection is evidently a careful selection by a cardinal of formulas to serve as guides and precedents for practical use, and they are there fore to be considered as authoritative sentences on the principal subjects which habitually came before the Penitentiary for action and decision. That by far the greater portion of them are concerned with cases of ecclesiastics can scarce, I think, be taken as an evidence that clerical cases formed so preponderating a portion of the business of the Peni tentiary, but rather that these were regarded by the collector as the most interesting and useful to him, inasmuch as they involved so many questions relating to irregularities, impediments and dispensations. It may be not without interest to note the influence of the system in one or two matters in which changes in the practice of the Church may be traced with more or less clearness to the influence of the dis pensing and pardoning power. The cases under rubric xn., respecting payments made to secure entrance into monasteries show how delicate were the scruples of conscience afflicting the souls of those guilty of such offences and the manner in which the Penitentiary smoothed their path back to grace. These scruples were simply in accordance with ecclesiastical doctrine. In 11(13 Alexander III. at the council of Tours forbade as simony the acceptance of any consideration for receiving an applicant in a monastery, 1 and the same pope enforced the rule in punishing an abbot and the officials of his convent for exacting such a payment, by suspending them from their functions and compelling rails tales quales pnetucti sunt pastores, immo mundi proditores, in oculis solum constituit hoc ut provident vita? alicujus temporal!, rnulta millia animarum pro quarnni qualibet sempiterne viviticanda Filius Dei morte turpissima voluit con- demnari, devorationi simmii bestiarum agri trad it et sempiternae raorti. Rob. Grosseteste Semi. (Fascic. Rer. Expetend. etc. Ed. 1690, II 252). A very significant instance of latitudinarianism occurs in the conditions imposed by the Penitentiary in the seventeenth century for releasing a man from a vow to enter a religious order, "dummodo vitam ctplibem ducat," which is explained by the commentator to mean that while he must not marry it does not debar him from other carnal indulgence "si enim voluisset imponere voventi continentiam ab omni copula carnali et venerea delectatione, usurpasset nomen castitatis non auteni cwlibiiius" which is not improved by the distinction drawn between human law and divine law "quia quoad alias delectationes carnales et libidinosas a lege divina omnibus hoc est prohibitum" Leonis Praxis ad Litt. Maior. Pcvnitent. pp. 64, 83. Leone was employed in the Papal Penitentiary for fourteen years (Ibid. p. 216), his work bears the approbation of the Master of the Sacred Palace and of the Provost General of the Society of Jesus, of which he was a member, and it may therefore be regarded as semi-official. Concil. Turon. ami. 1163 c. 6. C. 8 Extra Lib. v. Tit. iii. INTRODUCTION. X ix them to make restitution, while the monk who had made the payment escaped with simple transfer to another house. 1 The trouble was in eradicable and Innocent III. at the Lateran council of 1215 tried sharper measures to repress it, for entrance payments, he states, were habitually exacted everywhere in nunneries. For past offences he contents himself with prescribing the transfer to other houses of both payer and receiver, while for future infractions of the rule the extreme penalty is provided of shutting up all parties concerned in houses of the most rigid observance, to undergo perpetual penance, and all bishops were ordered yearly to publish this rule throughout their dioceses. 2 The embodiment of these canons by S. Kamon de Penafort in the Decretals of Gregory IX. shows that they were presented and retained as the unquestioned law of the Church. Yet the decisions in the Formulary attest that the real offenders, the recipients of the pay ments, were virtually allowed to escape, while those who paid for en trance were at most only treated according to the milder precedent set by Alexander III. This laxity naturally led to a disregard of the canons so emphatically published. They remained nominally in force but means were found to elude them, and while the stricter canonists insisted on their maintenance others of unquestioned authority argued that a convent was justified in refusing admission to any one who did not bring with him means adequate to his support. 5 Thus the custom 1 C. 19 Extra Lib. v. Tit. iii. 2 Quoniam simoniaca labes adeo plerasque moniales infecit ut vix aliquas sine precio recipiant in sorores, paupertatis preetextu volentes hujusmodi vitiuni palliare ; ne id de cetero fiat penitus prohibemus, statnentes ut qusocumque de cetero talem pravitatem commiserit, tam recipiens quam recepta, sive sit subdita sive pnelata, sine spe restitutionis de suo monasterio expellatur, in locum arctioris regulse ad agendam perpetuam poenitentiam retrudenda .... Hoc etiam circa monachos et alios regulares decernimus observandum. Verum ne per simplici- tatem vel ignorantiam se valeant excusare pnecipimus ut dioecesani episcopi singulis annis hoc faciant per suas diceceses publicari. C. Lateran. IV. ann. 1215 c. 64. C. 40 Extra Lib. v. Tit. iii. 3 An experienced confessor, towards the end of the fifteenth century, in a manual for the guidance of his brethren, inserts among the questions to be asked in the confessional of abbots and other superiors of religious houses " Si simoniace reli- gionem ingressus est vel ad earn alium simoniace recepit, nam pro religionis ingressu sive virorum sive mulierum non licet aliquid dare vel recipere quasi pretium etiam paupertatis prretextu. Si tamen monasterium sit tenue dicunt Vincentius, Tancredus, Raymundus, Jo. [Teuton.?] et Hostiensis quod recipientes volentibus intrare possunt dicere Nos libenter et gratis te recipimus ad consortium nostrum spirituale, sed cum bona nostra non sufficiant nobis et tibi porta tecum unde possis vivere vel sic provideas unde vivas, tune enirn si ingrediens monas terium aliqua bona conferat non committitur simonia dummodo pure fiat, et XX INTRODUCTION. of entrance payments grew to be a matter of course. The council of Trent endeavored to suppress it indirectly by providing that no con vent should receive more inmates than could be supported by its regu lar revenues or the customary receipt of alms. 1 In tardy obedience to this, thirty years later, the council of Aquileia suggests that the num ber of inmates in nunneries be allowed to diminish by death till it shall be reduced to what can be supported and that meanwhile funds be procured by placing boxes in the churches to receive the contributions of the charitable. 2 Meanwhile in 1572 Gregory XIII. had opened the way to an official recognition of this form of simony, in the case of Ter tiary nuns, by directing the bishops to urge that the kindred of those desiring admission should contribute to the house a sum of money approaching the dower that would be required in case of marriage. 3 This showed how the Tridentine canon and simony were to be recon ciled, and accordingly in 1583 we find the council of Reims ordering that no more monks or nuns shall be admitted than the revenues of the house can support, but it warmly approves liberal "alms" spon taneously brought by those who enter. 4 These transparent subterfuges were wholly disregarded in practical life, for in Catholic countries where girls had virtually only the alternative of marriage or conventual life the pressure on the nunneries rendered payment for admission ob ligatory. Santa Teresa had no scruple in bargaining with applicants as to what they should pay for admission into her reformed order of Barefooted Carmelites 5 and such payments are still one of the recog nized meanings of the innocent word " dower." In fact, the inability to make such payment is admitted by the Penitentiary itself as a suf ficient reason for commuting a vow to enter a religious order. in fraudem non dicatur et sine aliquo pacto. Sed Bernardus, Innocentius Bar.[tolomjeus?] Brixiensis et Archidiaconus dicunt quod nee ante nee post potest aliquid peti, et sic dicendo simoniam coiumittunt tain recipientes quum recepti, etiam si ignorent. Et ha>c opinio tutior est et quantum ad mulieres approbata." Bart, de Chaimis Interrogatorium, Venetiis, 1480, fol. 97". He adds that it is a mortal sin for a girl to enter a convent because she cannot marry or under coercion from her parents. Ibid. fol. 99a. 1 Concil. Trident. Sess. xxv. De Reg. et Mon. c. 3. 2 Concil. Aquileiens. ann. 1590 c. 19 (Harduin. X. 192K Gregor. PP. XIII. Const. Deo sacris \ 5, 1572 (Mag. Bull. Roman. Ed. Luxemb. II. 396). 4 Concil. Remens. ann. 1583, De Simoniacis c. 10 (Harduin. X. 1301). 6 Escritos de Santa Teresa, Ed. Vicente de la Fuente, I. 568. 6 Thus Littre, s. v. Dot "Apport que fait au couvent une fille qui entre en religion." Also in Spanish "El caudal que lleva la monja al convento donde entra o profesa" (Diccionario encyclopedia) de la Lengua Espanola, s. v. Dote.) 7 Quatenus .... si diligenti habita perquisitione tu inveneris ita esse, dictam- INTRODUCTION. Xxi Another phase of this all-pervading vice of simony illustrates a similar change in the attitude and discipline of the Church in which the Penitentiary was not without its share. The numerous cases under rubrics I.-XL, cxin., cxv. manifest on the part of the applicants a re markable nicety of scruple as to simony, whether direct or indirect, and although the Penitentiary does not in terms manifest any indiffer ence as to the heinousness of the offence, it for the most part facilitates the absolution and restoration of the offender and practically abrogates the canons. It was the law of the Church that a benefice obtained simoniacally entailed perpetual deposition. 1 This was evaded by the device of the culprit resigning his benefice, but this resignation was a mere formality, for he was forthwith restored to it or was given another (rubrics vr., ix., x., cf. xin.), and in case 2 of rubric xr. a too rigid bishop is rebuked for his austerity. 2 The curia was the chief beneficiary from the sale of benefices and under its auspices the laws became a dead letter and the ubiquitous simonist flourished everywhere. Rubric vn. shows that to take a benefice with the promise to increase a pension existing on it was simony necessitating resignation, and case 2 of rubric ix. construes this as extending even to an obligation to celebrate masses for the souls of fellow canons. How bravely all such scruples were in time surmounted is seen in the custom which grew up that when the pope conferred a benefice the recipient would bind him self and his successors by a formal agreement, under penalty of ex communication, to pay from its fruits a fixed annual pension to any one whom the pope should designate to receive it, the revenues of the benefice being hypothecated as security: It was not that there was que latricem adeo pauperem ut eleemosynam pro ingrediendo religionem non habeat, neque spem esse quod de proximo illam honeste acquirers possit et sine ea non recipi, et si in steculo maneat periculum ease incontinent!, eandem latri cem a mutatione propositi, quatenus tibi videatur, absolvas hac vice etc. Leonis Praxis ad Litt. Maior. Pcenitent. p. 73. 1 C. 11 Extra Lib. v. Tit. iii. In 1464 Paul II. modified this to suspension from functions and forfeiture of the simoniacally obtained preferment. Pauli PP. II., Bull. Cum detestabile, 23 Nov. 1464. 2 Clement III. about 1190 had established a precedent for this by restoring three canons who had resigned benefices simoniacally obtained. Compilat. II. Lib. v. Tit. ii. c. 8 (Friedberg, p. 97). 3 A formula for agreements of this kind is given in the " Formularium Instru- mentorum ad usum Curie Komane," fol. 286. In this, as in so much else, the rigor of the canons was nominally retained. Among the questions which con fessors were directed to put to episcopal penitents was " Si contulit beneficium retentis sibi fructibus vel aliqua parte eorum, nam hoc est prohibitum et simonia si fiat ex pacto et consuetudine." Bart, de Chaimis, op. cit. fol. 94^. The regis- XX11 INTRODUCTION. any relaxation in the theory or dogma of the Church. Not only were the rigorous canons nominally in force, but they were even sharpened in the fifteenth century by Martin V. and Eugenius IV. Even when no money or other consideration was given, simple petitions and prayers for a benefice addressed to the patron were held to infect the bestowal with the taint of simony. Confessors were instructed to make the most searching inquiry of their penitents in holy orders to detect all offences of this kind, direct or indirect, with a minuteness similar to that which we see exhibited in our Formulary. 1 Yet this was of little avail for good when dispensations were to be had by all who understood how to apply for them. The canons were minute and imperative, but they were robbed of their terrors under such a sys tem, and their very sharpness only served to increase the revenues of the curia. In the seventeenth century formulary of the Penitentiary there is a brief by which a cleric who has purchased two benefices is allowed to retain them, to be promoted to priest s orders, and to minister in them. 2 In this the Penitentiary only followed at an humble distance the magnificent acquisitiveness of the papacy itself. Even as early as the close of the thirteenth century it is a significant fact that the first thing a newly confirmed bishop does is to apply to the Holy See for authority to borrow money, evidently to settle his debts with the curia. Thus the election of Arnaud to the wealthy see of Toulouse was confirmed March 17, 1298, and on April 17th he was granted two authorizations each one enabling him to borrow 20,000 florins. Every function of the curia was thus for sale. When on March 13, 1298, a decision was rendered in favor of Aymon, abbot of St. Antoine of Vienne, it was accom panied with a special faculty enabling him to postpone all his other debts until he should have settled the very large ones which he had incurred in Rome. So, May 25, 1298, the Abbot of Montmajour is authorized to extend time on his other debts for three years in order to enable him to meet those contracted in Rome, amounting, we may presume, to 6000 florins, for that is the sum which he is permitted to borrow by a letter of June 9. Then, October 25, 1298, David is con firmed as prior-general of the Order of Camaldoli, and on November 27 he is authorized to borrow 3000 florins and apportion the liability among the houses of the Order, to discharge the debt contracted with ters of Leo X., now in course of publication by Hergenrother, are full of assign ments of such pensions to his favorites. 1 Bart, de Chaimis, op. cit. fol. 840, 87 sq. 2 Leonis Praxis, p. 359. INTRODUCTION. XX111 the Holy See. 1 This undisguised traffic of Rome in the cure of souls and in preferment of all kinds was the constant subject of complaint in all the lands of Latin Christendom that were not, like England, pro tected by statutes of Provisors and Pnemunire. 2 John XXII. in 1316 signalized his accession to the papacy by boasting that from all parts of the world men flocked to Rome for " graces " and he skilfully an nounced that he had reduced the fees. 3 So completely did this undis guised simony become the recognized law of the Church that even after Luther had posted his theses on the church-door of Wittenberg, in December, 1517, Leo X. enacted that for certain kinds of prefer ment the recipients should pay a thousand ducats, one-half to the papal camera, one-fourth to its president, and one-fourth to the masters of ceremonies, and this simoniacal exaction was enforced by excommunica tion latce sententiw? Finally Jesuit casuists were found to argue away 1 Faucon et Thomas, Eegistres de Boniface VI II. n. 2451, 2506-7, 2520, 2533, 2598-99, 2602, 2802, 2805-6. 2 The popular estimate of the curia is vigorously expressed in some verses cur rent in the thirteenth century, printed in the Opera Nicolai de Clamangiis, Lugd. Bat 1613, p. 29 A slightly different version is in the Carmina Burana, Breslau, 1883, p. 16, from a MS. of the thirteenth century. Yidi, vidi, caput mundi Ibi duplex mare fervet Instar maris et profundi A quo nemo est qui servet Vorax guttur Siculi. Sibi valens obolum. Ibi mundi (^a/.acraof, Ibi nemo gratus gratis, Ibi sorbet aurum Crassus Xulli datur absque datis Et argentum sreculi. Gratiani gratia. Ibi latet Scylla rapax Plumbum quod hie informatur Et Charybdis auri capax Super aurum dominatur Potius quam navium. Et massam argenteam. Ibi pugna Galearum Et conflictus piratarum It est Cardinalium. 3 Cum ad sacrosanctre Romante ecclesia? sinum velut ad matris ubera referta dulcedine, ac ad Romani pontificis Christ! vicarii successorisque Petri clemen- tiam, tanquam ad patris plenam providential pietatem, orbis terrarum et qui habitant in eo gratiarum spe assidue confluant universi. Extrav. Johann. XXII. Tit. xiii. 4 Mandavit autem Papa quod quicunque promotus fuerit in titulum, commen- dam, administrationem, unionem temporalem et coadjutoriani, et ipse prsesens sit in romana curia, teneatur et debeat mille ducatos pro mediate camera? apostolica 1 , et pro una quarta parte clericis creremoniarum magistris. et pro altera quarta parte pro prseside ipsius camerse, sub poena excommunicationis latse sententia? Paridis de Grassis Diarium, Romae, 1884, p. 60. XXIV INTRODUCTION. all simony and prove that there was no sin in the sale of benefices or in promotion gained by bribery. 1 When the action of the Penitentiary was not injurious it was for the most part wholly superfluous. The audacious mendacity of the stories told by the suppliants for its favors is self-evident in many of the cases recorded in the Formulary ; that the penitentiaries recognized this and their own impotence to ascertain the truth is seen in the numerous instances in which the case is referred back to the local prelate to investigate, or a decision is subject to the condition " si est ita," 2 while in general the imposition of the penance is left to his dis cretion. In fact, in rubric xvir. it is intimated that the Penitentiary never enjoined the penance, and although this is contradicted by some cases in which the penance is specified (e.g. rubric xiv. and case 2 of rubric cxi.), still the general principle at work is that which subse quently became the universal practice, of allowing the local prelate to determine it. 3 This, however, was scarce more than a formal recog nition of the local jurisdiction, for the cases in rubric CLXXII. show that when a culprit was dissatisfied with the penance imposed on him by his prelate he could appeal to the Penitentiary with a virtual 1 See the condemnation of Father Moya s Opusailnm by the Sorbonne (D Ar- gentre, Collect. Judic. de nov. Error. III. i. 110). Among the errors are "Non esse contra justiciam beneficium ecclesiasticum non conferre gratis, quia collator conferens ilia beneneia ecclesiastica, pecunia interveniente, non exigit illam pro collatione beneficii, sed veluti pro emolumento temporal! quod tibi conferre non tenebatur." " Electores ad majoratum vel cathedram posse pretium accipere ut unum pra? alio eligant, eo quod ejusmodi pnvlatio, cum huic determinate persona? non sit debita, et aliunde sit ei valde utilis, pretio a>stimabilis est." Qui electores pecunia corrumpit ut eum in Generalem, Provincialem, Priorem vel Guardianum eligant non subjacet pwnis contra simoniacos latis." It is true tbat Moya s book, after a long struggle, was put on the Index and these principles were not publicly accepted, but there was practically little differ ence between them and the action of the Penitentiary of the period as seen in the brief quoted above. 2 IIsw enim clausula [si est ita] sen conditio in omnibus rescriptis, nisi expri- matur, semper subintelligitur. Leonis Praxis ad Litt. Maior. P<enitentiar. p. 271. 3 Manuale Facultatum minorum Poenitentiariorum Apostolicorum, Rom.-v, 1879, p. 12 "(^uum S. Poenitentiaria determinatas pivnitentias non solet praescribere sed ea.s arbitrio exequentis relinquat." So also in Leone s Praxis, p. 47. This is liable to exceptions however, as for instance where an adulterous wife poisons her husband and marries her paramour the general outline of penance is prescribed (Ib. pp. 203, 209). Also the public penance for homicide of a priest by a lavman (p. 277). INTRODUCTION. XXV certainty of obtaining a recommendation for its reduction. All this shows the cumbrous, and obstructive character of the institutions forced upon Europe by the all-embracing jurisdiction which the Holy See succeeded in establishing, and their absolute inefficiency for good, for the cases in the Formulary are comparatively few in which the settle ment could not have been made at home in the first instance. Sometimes however the Penitentiary did not confine itself to this apparently subsidiary function. In a considerable number of cases it is seen to absolve the penitent and send him back to his prelate to be penanced according to the judgment of the latter. I have not been able to discover whether this was governed by any rule, for there seems to be no special distinction between those cases and those in which absolution is not mentioned. 1 Towards the end of the century we are told that it adopted a custom of which no trace is found in the Formu lary, aptly illustrating the confusion existing at the period between the forum externum and intemum, between penance as a punishment and as a satisfaction to God. In cases of homicide and other grave offences it would inflict public penance on the sinner in all the churches of the city where the curia chanced to be, and then send him back to his bishop for the imposition of " salutary " penance. This practice proved a prolific source of dishonest gain to wandering beggars who carried forged letters of the Penitentiary prescribing it, with which to impose on the sympathies of the charitable. 2 Had the Penitentiary been confined to its legitimate business of de ciding cases of conscience too intricate for the local confessors and bishops it would have been a sufficiently useful instrument in ex- 1 See, for instance, xv. 6, xxxvm. 2, XLIX., LI. 2, LII. 1, 4, LIU. 1, LV. etc. Granting absolutions was one of the functions of the Penitentiary. In 1235 the mayor and burgesses of St. Valery, for certain offences committed against the abbey of the same place, were sentenced to perform extensive and humiliating public penance, after which they were required to go to Rome and bring home letters of absolution from the Penitentiary. Gousset, Actes de la Province Ecclesiastique de Reims, II. 374. 2 Nota quod penitentiam publicam sedes apostolica nemini agendam indicit nisi in eo loco in quo est curia Romana et tune tanturn pro homicidio et huiusmodi et enormibus. Penitentiarii enim domini pape tales faciunt nudos triduo vel plus vel minus incedere per omnes ecclesias civitatis in qua est curia et non alibi. Quo facto ad suos remittentur episcopos ut consideratis debitis circumstantiis eis indicant penitentiam salutarem. Licet quidam ribaldi pro questu inhonesto sepe menciantur sibi tales penitentias fore a sede apostolica iniunctas, falsas peniten- tiariorum litteras exhibentes. Joh. Friburgens. Summre Confessorum Lib. in. Tit, xxxiv. Q. 12. Cf. Durand. de S. Portiano Commentt super .Sententt. Lib. iv. Dist. xiv. Q 4 \l 12, 13. XXVI INTRODUCTION. tending and consolidating the power of Rome, but its capacity in this respect was vastly increased by the wide range of extraneous cases which it succeeded in bringing within its jurisdiction. Although the following formulas are entitled " de casibus penitentie," it will be seen that out of these many hundreds but few are in truth cases of conscience. The distinction between the forum inter nwn and forum extermnn had not been clearly defined at the period and the confusion thence arising was exceedingly favorable to the growing pretensions of the Church. In the development of sacerdotalism there arose a large number of" irregularities" and "impediments" to be removed only by the dispensing power. This constituted an intricate branch of law imperfectly understood by the average prelate, and although there was an acknowledged episcopal power of dispensation, the Formulary shows how rapidly it was becoming customary to refer all such cases to Rome. 1 The list of papal reserved cases was still somewhat obscure and uncertain, the period was one of transition, the old system of the penitentials had broken down and was fast becoming obsolete. The bishop, immersed in the temporal interests of his see, and the unworldly abbot who had grown up in the seclusion of conventual life, might well seek to shift their responsibilities as to the doubtful interpretations of a changing jurisprudence and might prefer to anticipate the setting aside of their decisions by referring matters at once to the ultimate tribunal, feeling tolerably certain that, if they did not do so, any one dissatisfied with their conclusions would forthwith appeal to Rome. This gave to the papacy a direct hold upon every ecclesiastic, and it would scarce be easy to overestimate its effectiveness in aiding the struggle of Rome for universal domination. In the following pages we see the Holy See as practically the sole source of favors, the only power which at will could enforce or suspend the rules of discipline. This not only secured to it large revenues and bound to it in subjection every member of the 1 Alexander III. recognized that the granting of dispensations for homicide was inherent in the episcopal office and this was still good law at the date of our Formulary (c. 1 Extra Lib. v. Tit. ii. See also c. 32, 33 Extra Lib. v. Tit. xxxix.). Yet the very numerous cases of homicidal clerks in the following pages would seem to indicate that the business was virtually monopolized by the Penitentiary. For the gradual absorption of the dispensing power by the papacy see Thomassin, La Discipline de 1 Eglise, P. iv. Liv. ii ch. 24, 67. In the eighteenth century, letters of dispensation from the Penitentiary con tained the clauses "pnesentibus laniatis sub po?na excommunicationis " and "in foro judiciario nullatenus suffragentur." These were intended to preclude their use in the forum externum" ad intercludendara viam quie antiquitus vigebat, ut per exhibitionem hujusmodi literarum satis probaretur dispensatio." Casus Conscientia? Benedict! XIV. Aug. 1736 cas 1 ; Sept 1736 c. 1. INTRODUCTION. XXV11 ecclesiastical body, but rendered it an object of universal awe and brought home to the mind of every Christian in Catholic Europe the living sense that the pope was the direct representative and vice gerent of Christ. In fact, the vague uncertainties of the canon law of the period were excellently adapted to favor the development of the papal power. Innocent III. had proudly declared that the papal will was superior to all law, and this declaration was adopted as law, 1 but what was the papal will in all the departments of the constantly broadening area of spiritual jurisdiction was not so easily determined. When in 1234 Gregory IX. ordered the adoption of the Decretals compiled under his supervision by S. Ramon de Peiiafort, he gives as a reason the uncer tainty and confusion of the varying and conflicting papal decisions quoted in the schools and tribunals. 2 Since the compilation of Gratian the popes had been busy in laying the foundations and superstructure of the new canon law. They had succeeded in establishing themselves as the supreme lawgivers of Christendom, and even as theology was reconstructing itself in the hands of the schoolmen, so the discipline of the Church was taking new shape under papal direction. It was a period of change, in which the institutions of the medieval Church were being fashioned to the shape in which they were to remain. Gratian had been outgrown by this new papal legislation which cir culated in the schools and courts in the Five Compilations, of more or less official character, besides the Extravagants, which might be genu ine or might be forgeries. The compilation of St. Ramon, to which Gregory lent the full sanction of papal authority, marks ail era in the development of the Church. It settled innumerable doubtful points and determined the principles on which subsequent questions should be decided as they might arise. It was the embodiment of papal aspirations in the most absolute form and was presented to the world as the sole authority for judges and teachers everywhere. 3 1 Secundum plenitudinem potestatis de jure possumus supra jus dispensare c. 4. Extra Lib. in Tit. viii. 2 Sane diversds constitutiones et decretales epistolas praedecessorum nostroruni quarum aliqure propter nimiuni similitudinem et qusedam propter. con trarietatem, nonnullae etiam propter sui prolixitatem confusionem inducere videbantur, aliqua? vero vagabantur extra volumina supradicta, qute tanquam incertne frequenter in judiciis vacillabant. Gregor. PP. IX., Bull. Rex paciftcus, 5 Sept. 1234 (Ripoll, Bull. Ord. Praedic. I. 69). 3 Volentes igitur ut hac tantum coiupilatione universi utantur in judiciis et scholis, districtius prohibemus ne quis priesumat aliam face re absque auctoritate sedis apostolicpe speciali. Ibid. In making this compilation St. Ramon had no hesitation in modifying and XXV111 INTRODUCTION. In this transition period, when the " novum jus" was thus deter mining the character of ecclesiastical law for the future, a collection like our Formulary has a special importance as manifesting the use made by the Holy See of its newly defined prerogatives. The inter pretation of the law is as important as the law itself, and we here see how the law was administered in practice by the very men who had so controlling a part in its framing ; we can guess what portions were meant to be strictly enforced and what were subject to relaxation ; we see how the sternest rules could be explained away and we may infer how the gains of the curia could be swelled by enacting laws and then issuing exemptions from their penalties. We see moreover how the local prelates, bewildered by the intricacies of the new system of juris prudence, were surrendering virtually their jurisdiction and were re ferring to Rome not only complicated and important cases but the most trivial and every-day matters, and we can thus understand how the Penitentiary, instead of being a simple tribunal of conscience, became a court within whose sphere of action matters of conscience occupied the smallest place. The functions thus attributed to it at the start continued to be its main preoccupation, and it speedily became a potent instrumentality in riveting the control of the Holy See over the subordinate churches. With the spread of enlightenment that preceded the Reformation the incongruity between its ostensible and its real functions provoked adverse comment, and some jurists ventured to argue that the letters of the Peni tentiary were valid only in thefonun conscientice and not in the forum coittentioaum, but Sixtus IV. in 1484 indignantly stamped this preten sion as sacrilegious and ordered that they should be received as full authority in all courts, secular as well as ecclesiastical. 1 When the Reformation came to unsettle the traditions of the past, criticism grew bolder, and the bull of Sixtus IV. had to be reissued by Paul III. in 1549 and by Julius III. in 1550. Men, however, were growing less amenable to papal authority, and when in 1562 the final assembly of interpolating the older decretals to adapt them to the existing views of the Holy See. See Schulte, Das Katholische Kirchenrecht, I. 338-9. 1 Sixti PP. IV. Const. Quoniam nonnulti, 1484 (Mag. Bull. Rom. 1. 428). It is worth noting that in rubric cxxn. of the Formulary the Penitentiary impliedly limits its functions to the forum penitent ice and disclaims jurisdiction within the forum contftitiosum. Yet the "confession" so often alluded to in the letters is evidently not sacramental. By this time the seal of the confessional was suf ficiently established for the Penitentiary not to commit the indiscretion of re vealing its secrets in the manner customary in the Formulary. The penitentiaries, therefore were not confessors like the modern minor penitentiaries. 1 Julii PP. III. Const. Rationi congruif, 1550 (Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 785). INTRODUCTION. xxix the council of Trent was convoked, among the projects of reformation presented by King Sebastian of Portugal was one demanding that the Penitentiary should no longer interfere with matters of justice and the jurisdiction of bishops. 1 It was dangerous to allow the council to in trude upon the sacred precincts of the curia, and it was better for the pope to yield to public opinion by a spontaneous exercise of power, and accordingly in that same year, 1562, Pius IV. imposed on the Penitentiary some limitations. The wide range of incongruous busi ness which it had succeeded in grasping is seen in the long list of sub jects, wholly foreign to its real duties, which he removed from its jurisdiction. 2 Even when thus shorn of so many of its functions, it still continued to enjoy a large measure of jurisdiction in the forum externum, until the reforming pope, St. Pius V., in 1569, thoroughly remodelled it. With a significant allusion to the avarice that had occasioned its abuses he revoked all its authority, privileges, faculties and indults. He directed it in future to confine itself exclusively to the salvation of souls, and how small a portion this had constituted of its functions, even after the limitations of 1562, may be guessed by the fact that he cut down the number of its scriveners from twenty-seven to two, and of its procurators from twenty-four to two. A prohibition of the purchase and sale of these offices and a final warning that its action must not be foul with greed are suggestive of the abuses which had customarily flourished in its dealings with Christendom: In 1634 Urban VIII. restored to it a portion of its former jurisdiction, 4 and 1 Le Plat, op. cit., V. 86. 2 Pii PR IV. Const. In sublime, 4 Mail, 1562 (Mag. Bull. Rom. II. 75). 3 Pii PP. V. Const. In omniba*, 18 Mail, 1569 (Ibid. p. 301). The abuse of buying and selling public offices was too common in past ages of be a special matter of reproach to so completely secularized a court as that of the Holy See, but none the less it aggravated greatly the venality of the curia and the vigor of its exactions In 1515 Leo X. claimed a share in these transactions, requiring that all transfers should have the papal assent and seal for which he charged five per cent, on the purchase money: the proceeds of this tax he made over to the Cardinal of Santa Maria in Porticu, one of the retainers of the Medici family. Hergenrother, Leonis X. Eegesta n. 13661. We chance to have an opportunity of knowing what was the value in 1515 of the scrivenerships which St. Pius V. suppressed so ruthlessly. Piero Baragona, one of the scriveners of briefs, was deprived of his office for various crimes, in cluding an attempted assassination of Giovanni Cangelosa. To indemnify the latter for his sufferings half of the vacated office was bestowed on him. This he sold for 500 ducats to Xiccolo de Ottinelli, who purchased the other half from Leo X. for 675 ducats (Ibid. n. 14054). As this was prior to the rise of values caused by the influx of the precious metals from the Xew World, the high price paid for the office is an index of its opportunities for gain, licit or illicit. 4 Leonis Praxis ad Litteras Maioris Poenitentiarii, Mediolani, 1665, pp. 1, 6. XXX INTRODUCTION. finally in 1744 Benedict XIV. reorganized it on the lines laid down by St. Pius V., but he still considered it necessary to prescribe that all briefs should be issued gratuitously and he preserved the formula of the oath to be taken by all the officials, containing a clause that no gifts, even spontaneously offered, should be accepted. 1 The Formulary throws some light on the original constitution of the Penitentiary, which, as we shall see, differed in some respects from that which it assumed subsequently. Its origin is to be looked for in the custom which sprang up, probably in the third century, of bishops appointing in their churches some competent priest whose function was to listen to repentant sinners and guide them back to virtue. 2 This however was by no means universal or continuous, and about -170 we are told as a novelty that Pope Simplicius appointed a week at each of three churches, St. Peter s, St. Paul s and St. Laurence s, in which priests should remain to receive penitents and administer bap tism. 3 In the confusion arising from the Barbarian invasions the cus tom appears to have fallen into disuse and was virtually superseded by the peniteiitiuls, of which every priest was required to have a copy. 4 These were completely independent of Rome, for local autonomy had not yet been broken down, and no one imagined that any exclusive jurisdiction over the subject was inherent in the Holy See. When, about 825, Ebbo of Reims complained of the unutterable confusion arising from the diversity of the manuals circulating among the 1 Benedict. PP. XIV. Const. In Apostolicce Pccnitentiarice, 13 Apr. 1744, 22 (Bullar. Benedict. XIV. T. I. p. 149). The oatli prescribed for the officials is " Ego X. Regens ab hue hora in antea ero iklelis et obediens B. Petro et domino nostro Papa? N. eiusque successoribus canonice entrantibus : officium meum fideliter exercebo et gratis, eiusque ratione nihil ab aliquibus etiarn sponte oblatum vel donatuni accipiam pr?eterquam sala- rium mihi constitutiuu. Secreta Sacra? Pcenitentiariw et occultos casus ac personas de quibus in ea tractabitur nunquam cuiquani extra officium revelabo. Et ita juro ad sacrosancta Dei Evangelia. Sic me Deus adjuvet. Leonis Praxis, p. 4. The functions of the Penitentiary are now strictly confined to the forum internum, except in the case of members of religious orders. They extend over all reserved cases, even those of the Bull In coena Domini and its successor Apos tolicce Sedis. Benedict. XIV. Const. Pastor bonus 6. Notwithstanding the immense extension of the Catholic Church throughout the world the business of the Penitentiary now requires only three scriveners and three procurators. Bangen, Die Bomische Curie, p. 424. 2 Socratis H. E. v. 19. Sozomen. II. E. vir. 16. 3 Hie constituit ad sanctum Pet mm apostolum et ad sanctum Pauliim aposto- lum, et ad sanctum Laurentiom martyrem hebdomadam ut presbyter! manerent ibi propter poenitentes et baptismum. Anastas. Biblioth., in Simplicio. *Beginon. de Discip. Eccles Lib. i. cap. 1 93. INTRODUCTION. XXXI priesthood he did not apply to the pope for authoritative instruc tions, but to the learned Halitgar of Cambrai. 1 When the peniten- tials in turn grew obsolete, and at the same time confession was erected into a sacrament and became inculcated as a regular duty, the necessity grew apparent of some one at each episcopal seat who should be able to dispose of questions which daily grew more numerous and intricate as theology became defined and sacerdotalism developed in its exacting complexity. In 1195 the synod of York speaks of general confessors of dioceses to whom certain penitents were to be referred for absolution and penance; 2 and when in 1215 the council of Lateran made annual confession obligatory it ordered all bishops to appoint such officials not only in their cathedrals but also in the conventual churches. 5 In Rome I have met with no trace of the existence of such a body of officials at a period earlier than that embraced in the Formulary. Efforts have been made, but with out success, to attribute their origin to the close of the seventh cen tury under St. Benedict II., 4 and certainly as late as 1030 there could have been no such tribunal in the curia. The council of Limoges in 1032 mentions a case in which Sanche Guillaume, Duke of Gascony, compelled a knight to behead his seigneur. Filled with remorse the 1 Ebbonis Epist. (Canisii et Basnage II. u. 87). Cf. Pseudo-Gregor. III. Excerpt, de diversis Criminibus (Migne s Patrolog. LXXXIX. 587). The so- called Roman Penitential appended by Halitgar is Prankish: see Wasser- schleben, Bussordmmgen, p. 58. 2 Concil. Eboracens. ann. 1195 c. 11. 3 Concil. Lateran. IV. ann. 1215, c. 10. In fulfilment of this decree we find in 1219 Evrard Bishop of Amiens creating three new officials in his church, a pre centor, a mogisier scholarum, and a penitentiary, assigning them stipends from his treasury until revenues from altars fall in. The position of the penitentiary is evidently inferior as his stipend is only twenty livres a year while the other two are twenty-five. He is to hear confessions from every part of the diocese except those of parish priests, magnates and barons, which the bishop reserves to himself. All doubts arising in J uro pcenitentice are to be referred to him and he is to have discretionary power as an appellate judge in such matters (D Achery Spicileg. III. 589). The custom spread slowly; as late as 1261 we find the council of Main/ ordering all bishops to appoint a penitentiary in their cathedrals and to have another with them (C. Mogunt. ann. 1261 c xxxiii. a p. Hartzheim Concil. German. III. 604). With the development of the system these provisions became more elaborate. A collection of canons of synods of Cam brai between 1300 and 1310 shows that there were four episcopal penitentiaries in each deanery of the diocese to attend to episcopal reserved cases and the confes sions of priests. Statuta Synodal. Cameracens. ann 1300-1310 (Ibid IV. 68-9). 4 Bangen, Die Romische Curie, p. 419. Leonis Praxis ad Litt. Maior. Pceni- tent. p. 1. There is no allusion to them in Anastasius under S. Benedict. II. nor does the contemporary Liber Diurnus refer to them in any way. 1 XXX11 INTRODUCTION . knight applied to his bishop for penance but was referred to Rome, for the prelate did not venture to assign a penalty to such a crime, though he promised to confirm whatever the pope might impose. With letters and witnesses the knight went to Rome, and on Easter Monday in the church where John XIX. was officiating he stood up and cried for penance. When the pope heard the story he turned to a bishop stand ing at his right hand and ordered him to reflect and see what was fit ting for the case. 1 Evidently there was no ghostly tribunal to which penitents could apply or to which they could be referred by the pope. Yet at the same time we have evidence that before the eleventh century was out the popes sometimes gave papal authority to shrive sinners, for Berthold of Constance tells us that in 1084 the legate, Cardinal of Ostia, promoted him to priest s orders and at the same time gave him papal authority to admit sinners to penance, but this was merely a substitute for the requisite episcopal license. 2 In the thirteenth century we find popes conferring the title of pcenitentiarius, apparently as a mark of distinction, on those in no way connected with the Penitentiary. In 1220 Honorius III. thus addresses Conrad of Marburg, whose sphere of activity was wholly confined to Germany, and also Master Jacob, who was his legate in Ireland: 5 St. Ramon de Peiiafort, who was already a penitentiary in 1234, and who doubtless took part in drawing up some of the deci sions of our Formulary, continued to be addressed as penitentiary at least until 1253, although he left Italy about 1240 for his native Cata lonia and seems never to have returned to Rome. 4 No deductions from the use of such titles can therefore be drawn as to the existence of an organized Penitentiary as part of the curia; nor, if the conjecture be correct that rubric CLIII. of the Formulary is addressed to St. Ramon 1 C oncil. Lemovicens. arm 1032 Sess ii (Harduin. VI 892). 2 Berthold. Constant Append ad Herman. Contractum, ami. 1084 Cf. Concil. Placentin. ann. 1095 (Harduin. VI. n. 1713). :i Thus Conrad of Marburg is addressed " Dilecto Magistro Conrado capellano et pu-nitentiario nostro scholastico Magontino " Pertz, Epistt Select Stecul XIII. T. I. pp. 83, 92. Bohmer (Acta Imperil p 653) mistakenly refers this to Conrad, afterwards Bishop of Hildesheim So also to Master Jacob "Magistro Jacobo capellano et poenitentiario nostro, apostolicw sedis legato." Theiner, Monumentt Hibern 1(5, n 36-7-8. The cnpellanus of the time was equivalent to the modern auditor of the Rota. 4 Kipoll, Bull. Ord. Prwdic. I. 69, 83, 170, 225, 239. Innocent IV. died in De cember, 1254, and a letter addressed to Ramon by Alexander IV. in 1255 and another by Gregory X. in 1274 speak of him only as chaplain (Ibid. 281, 522). It is fair to assume that Ramon abandoned Rome in 1240 (Nic. Triveti Chron. ann. 1240, ap. D Achery Spicileg. III. 192. Cf. Nicolas Antonio, Biblioth. His- pan.Vetus II. 67 sqq.), when he resigned the Generalate of the Dominican Order. In 1242 we find him guiding the proceedings of the council of Tarragona. INTRODUCTION. XXxiii de Peiiafort, would it appear that the title conferred any special power upon a member of the body when separated from his colleagues. A few of the letters of the Formulary afford indications by which their dates can be approximately determined. Of these the earliest (rubric LXXV. and case 2 of LXXVII.) would seem to be between 1220 and 1225, and the latest (rubric XLI.) about 1255 or somewhat later, so that the whole may be said to cover a little more than the second quarter of the thirteenth century. The probabilities seem to me to point to its containing the earliest records of the body, not long after its institution. A passage in case 1 of rubric xxxiv. seems to show that not long previous it had not been in the habit of keeping copies of its letters and decisions, which would justify the inference that it was only beginning to act in a regular and formal way and to recog nize that it was a permanent tribunal whose proceedings required to be preserved and recorded. If so, its institution cannot have been much earlier than the earliest case included here, and the conclusion would seem reasonable that it was created in response to a necessity springing from the Lateran canon of 1215-16, which rendered annual confession to the parish priest an imperative duty, and in pursuance of the command of the council to appoint functionaries of this kind in all episcopal seats. No one can study attentively the conciliar pro ceedings of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries without remarking how suddenly, after the enforcement of the Lateran canon, the local synods everywhere busied themselves with instructions to the sacerdotal body as to the performance of the unaccustomed duties of the confes sional. The great mass of ecclesiastics were wholly unfitted for the responsibilities thus thrown upon them, and at the same time their flocks were summoned to search their consciences under a pressure that had never previously existed. That this should result in sending penitents to Rome in numbers previously unexampled was inevitable. At the same time the new papal jurisprudence circulating in the Five Compilations or at least in the four earlier ones was raising ques tions as to impediments and irregularities which the local prelates found difficult to decide. To expedite this mass of business and to organize the whole Church in the altered form which its institutions were assuming, a trained body of experts became necessary, specially deputed to exercise the papal powers of absolution and dispensation. To these concurrent causes it would seem reasonable to attribute the foundation and growth of the papal penitentiary within the first quarter of the thirteenth century. Up to at least the middle of the century the system was still inchoate and undefined, for in the registers of Inno cent IV. we still see the pope constantly issuing his own letters, in the XXXIV INTRODUCTION. same general form as those of the Penitentiary, granting absolutions and dispensations in individual cases of trifling moment. The Peni tentiary evidently as yet was not recognized as the necessary organ of the papal authority in these matters. 1 1 Notwithstanding their figurative language and laborious striving after an tithesis, there is an archaic simplicity in the letters contained in the Formulary which seems to indicate an early stage in the handling of the business. It may not be without interest to contract them with the elaboration of those issued in the seventeenth century. The following, for instance (Leone s Prnxis, p. 401), is intended for a case almost identical with case 3 of rubric LII. "Frater Antonius Barberinus Sancta* Romame Ecclesire Presbyter Cardinalis S. Ilonnfrii Keligioso viro General i Ordinis N. salutem in Domino. Ex parte Fratris N. dicti ordinis nobis oblata petitio continebat Quod ipse alias ad verba altercatoria deveniens cum Fratre A. ejusdem Religionis presbytero professo leviter ilium percussit ; et deinde non advertens se propterea in exeommunica- tionem incidisse Missam celebravit ; idcirco se etiam irregularitatem contraxisse timet : et a suis Superioribus insuper punitus fuit. Cum autem sicut eadcm petitio continebat dictus Frater X. de pnemissis plurimum doleat, poenasque sibi per Superiores injunctaa adimpleverit, ne sine Religioni sibique onerosus am- plius sit, suos ordines exercere ac qwecunque su.e Religionis officia et dignitates consequi licite posse desideret, pro suse conscience quiete cupit a pnemissis per Sedem Apostolic-am in utroque foro absolvi, secumque desuper dispensari. Quare etiam pro parte Procuratoris generalis ejusdem Ordinis supplicari nobis humiliter fecit ut super his de opportune remedio providere dignaremur. Nos igitur, qui Pcenitentiarije Domini Papa 1 curam gerimus hujusmodi supplicationibus inclinati, authoritate Apostolica specialiter nobis concessa, discretion! tua? committimus quatenus si est ita dictum Fratrem N. postquam dicto alii Religioso, si nondum satisfecit, satisfeccrit, vel per eum non steterit quominus arbitrio tuo satisfaciat competenter, ab excommunicationis al usque sententiis, censuris, et poenis Ecclesi- asticis quas propter pra?missa quomodolibet incurrit, et excessibus hujusmodi, in utroque foro absolvas hac vice in forma Ecclesiastica consueta. Injuncta inde ei pro modo culp;e p<enitentia salutari et aliis qua? fuerint de jure injungenda. Ipsoque ab exequutione suorum ordinum suspense. Demurn cum eodem Fratre N. p<rnitentia vel illius parte peracta, ac suffragantibus sibi dignis poenitentia? fructibus et meritis, alioque ei canonico non obstante, super irregularitate per eum ex pncmissis quomodolibet contracta, quodque ilia et aliis pnemissis non obstantibus, postquam in hujusmodi suspensione steterit per tempus arbitrio tuo statuendum, in suis ordinibus, etiam in Altaris ministerio ministrare, et quae- cunque sui Ordinis officia et dignitates, si ad ilia alias canonice et juxta ejusdem Ordinis regularia instituta eligatur vel a.ssumatur, gerere et exercere, vocemque activani et passivam habere licite valeat, misericorditer dispenses, eiimque in pristinum statum restituas et plenarie reintegres. Non obstantibus praemissis, ac Constitutionibus et ordinationibus Apostolicis caHerisque contrariis quibus- cunque. Datum Rom;e, apud S. Petrum, Idibus Juniis Pontificatus Sanctissimi D. Urbani Octavi Anno duodecimo " [13 Jun. A. D. 1635]. The "satisfaction" to the injured party was probably nominal between monks, but when a layman was the offender and the priest proceeded in the forum exter- INTRODUCTION. XXXV As we see it reflected in the Formulary the Penitentiary consists of a body of canonists and theologians acting as a unit under powers delegated directly by the pope. 1 The official action of the whole com mission was requisite, for in two instances allusions are made (rubric cxix., case 2 and rubr. CLXIII.) to individual penitentiaries, brother Radulphus and brother Clarus, who had given their own letters to penitents, which proved ineffectual and the applicants were obliged to return to Rome for more authoritative decisions. Evidently the only briefs commanding respect were those issued by the whole body. There is no trace anywhere that as yet a cardinal was placed at the head of the commission ; in fact the occasional reference to a cardinal having been specially deputed to examine a case or to convey to them the commands of the pope would seem to preclude the idea that a member of the Sacred College was in any way concerned in their duties. Ap parently all the members were on equal footing, with no one in pre eminent authority. By the time of the Council of Vienne, in 1311, this equality has disappeared and there is a Major Pwnitentiarim with an indefinite number of subordinates under him, and it is prob able from the context, though not absolutely asserted, that this official head was a cardinal. 2 When we reach the bull of Sixtus IV. in 1484 we find the Penitentiary constituted as it has remained to the present time. It consisted simply of a cardinal Major Pcenitentiarius, who alone is spoken of, and all briefs were issued in his name, with his title as num it was apt to be a costly matter. In a fifteenth century case the priest claims a thousand florins damages "Item quod prefatus K. presbiter prefatas verbera- tionem, percussiones, contumelias et opprobria sibi ut premittitur illatas ad animum suum revocavit, illasque et ilia ad mille floren., vestra iudiciali taxa- tione semper salva, estimavit, revocavit et extimat de present!, nialuissetque et mallet si in facultatibus haberet tantam summam perdidisse et perdere vel non lucrare quam iterate similes iniurias et percussiones sustinere." Formularium Advocatorum etc. Eomane Curie, fol. 70. Cf. fol. 136. 1 Officiates apud sedem apostolicam officio poenitentise deputati. Rubric xvu. 2 In regulating the conduct of affairs during a papal vacancy the council pro vides "Eo tamen proviso quod si ejusdem ecclesipe camerarius aut niajorem vel aliquos alios ex Pcenitentiarios (quorum officium per obi turn ejusdem pontificis nolumus expirare) per mortem vel alias deficere quovis modo contingat, valeat idem coetus [cardinalium] ad tempus vacationis hujusmodi pro numero deficien- tium vel ampliori etiam, quantum ad poenitentiarios (si hoc eidem ccetui cohcor- diter expedire videbitur) alios surrogare " C. 2 $ 1 Clement. Lib. i. Tit. iii. It shows the importance which the Penitentiary had assumed that an (Ecumenic council should consider it necessary to make these provisions for its regulation. Evidently the subordinate penitentiaries were a very different class of officials from the confessors with special faculties who now bear the name of minor peniten tiaries. XXXVI INTRODUCTION. cardinal it is the " potestatem majoris poenitentiarii nostri per lon- gissima tempora toti orbi notam." The body of canonists has disap peared, who originally acted in concert, and who in 1311 were still recognized as forming part of the commission. It is interesting to observe however that the letters were still issued as in our Formulary, sometimes simply " auctoritate domini papse " and sometimes " de speciali mandate domini papre." 1 In this form the Penitentiary has continued to the present day, through all the changes made by Pius IV., Pius V. and Benedict XIV. It consists of a cardinal known as the Major Pcenitentiarius with a varying number of officials under him to perform the duties of his office and who are theoretically merely his assistants to relieve him from details. Though as a matter of fact only doubtful or important cases are referred to him, and even some times to the pope, all the letters expedited bear his seal and derive their authority from the faculties conferred on him. 2 The tradition of the 1 Sixti PP. IV. Const. Quoniam nonnullL (Mag. Bullar. Koinan. I. 427). Sixtus gives the formulas to be employed "Auctoritate Domini Nostri Papse cujus Poenitentiarii curam gerimus." "Auctoritate Domini Papse et de ejus speciali mandato super hoc viva? vocis oraculo sibi facto." " Dicta auctoritate Domini Papse et ejus speciali et expresso mandato." The seal of the Major Penitentiary at this time is thus described in a contem porary document " Litteras . . . sacrosancte Romane ecclesie presbiteri cardi- nalis domini nostri pape et sancte sedis apostplice majoris penitentiarii ejus vero sigillo oblongo in cera rubea alba circundata cum cordula sericea rubri croceique coloris modo penitentiarie apostolice impendend. sigillatas " Formularium In- strumentorum ad usuni Curie Romane, fol. 90. 2 Innocent PP. XII. Const. Romanics Pontifex, 3 Sept. 1692 (Mag. Bull. Rom. VII. 170). Benedict! PP. XIV. Const. Paxfor bonus, 13 Apr. 1744 (Bullar. Bened. XIV. I. 142). Bangen, Die Romische Curie, p. 421. When the case has been referred to the pope the letter contains the clause "auctoritate apostolica specialiter et expresse prsevia consultatione nobis ex- pressa." Leonis Praxis ad Litt. Maior. Pwnit. p. 223. The Major Penitentiary has the appointment of a certain number of Minores Pnniientiarii who sit in the three basilicas of St. Peter s, St. John Lateran and Santa Maria Maggiore, to hear the confessions of penitents from all lands and to grant absolutions, imposing on them fitting penance. They have faculties in regard to certain reserved cases, but they are merely confessors with somewhsit enlarged powers and their functions are altogether different from that of the Congregation of the Penitentiary, of which they form no part. For details see the Manuale Facilitation minornm Ptcnitentia riorum Aposfoficorum, Romse, 1879. It is possible that the functionaries objurgated by John XXII. and imprisoned by Cardinal Annibaldo may have been of this class. Leone in his Praxis (p. 287) tells us thsit when a penitent personally visits Rome for absolution in papal reserved cases the custom is for the Penitentiary INTRODUCTION. xxxvii curia represents this as the organization which has existed from the beginning, and probably the present Formulary is the sole remaining evidence of the original constitution of the body. The penitentiaries of the thirteenth century were officials of no little weight and influence in the curia. When Bishop Grosseteste sent his proctor Simon of Arden to Rome on business for his see we find him writing to two penitentiaries, brother Raymond and brother Ernulpho, soliciting their good offices and intervention, and then again to the latter thanking him for his services. 1 An even stronger testi mony to their importance is given in the Opus Tripartitum a work dating from this period in which, as a remedy for the prolonged vacancies frequently occurring in the Holy See through factions in the Sacred College, it is suggested that when the cardinals cannot within a specified time elect a new pope the conclave shall be augmented from among the penitentiaries through selection by the notaries, or from among the notaries through selection by the peni tentiaries. 2 This would moreover argue that their number must have been considerable. They were ex officio confessors of the cardinals, of the members of the papal court and of all bishops, archbishops and patriarchs who happened to be in Rome. :! It only remains to say a few words about the MS. here printed. It comes to me from Mr. Albert Cohn, bookseller in Berlin, who can tell me nothing of its provenance save that it formed part of a purchase made in Italy in 1889. It occurs at the end of a volume entitled " Forme curie romane super beneficiis et questionibus," and consists of fifty unnumbered pages on fine vellum. The general character of its calligraphy will be seen in the frontispiece which is a facsimile of the page containing the last column of the table and the first of the text. Two scribes have been employed on the work, the latter and greater to send him to one of these minor penitentiaries with a faculty authorizing his absolution. He then returns to the Penitentiary with a certificate of this and obtains a letter addressed to his Ordinary who prescribes the penance and satis faction for his offence. In the letters of our Formulary, as already stated, we often see the penitent returned to his prelate absolved by the Penitentiary itself. 1 K. Grosseteste Epist. 37, 38, 42 (M. K. Series, pp. 128, 129, 134). a Op. Tripartiti P. in. c. 2. (Fascic. Rer. Expetend. Ed. 1690, II 224). During the Middle Ages the notary was a functionary of no little dignity and importance. 3 Joh. Friburgensis Summfe Confessorum Lib. in. Tit. xxxiv. Q. 57. The question as to the official confessors of cardinals seems to be still somewhat doubtful about 1260. See Hostiensis Aurese Sunimse Lib. v. de Pa>n. et Remiss. 2 16. XXXVlll INTRODUCTION. portion being in a closer and less legible hand than the first. The most probable identification that I can make of the compiler is to ascribe it to Jacobus Thomasius Gaetanus, a nephew of Boniface VIII. who was cardinal priest of St. Clement from 1295 to 1300. 1 A few notes have been introduced where they seemed desirable to elucidate the text, or to identify persons or places or dates. Where more than one case occurs under a rubric I have numbered them to facilitate reference. Occasionally where there is an evident omission of a word or a mistake of the copyist I have ventured to insert an emendation in brackets [ ]. 1 Ciatvonii Yit. Pontif. et Curd. II. 32:2. Since the text of the Formulary was in type I have met with a decree of Innocent III. in 1204 which elucidates the cases in rubrics xo., civ., cvm., and cix. Kx parte tua fuit propositum coram nobis quod quidem presbiteri Cireci pariter et Latini a ( Jrecis episcopis absque unctione manuum se faciunt ordinari, et simul accipiunt onmes ordines extra quatuor tempora contra canonicas sanc- tiones. Cum igitur huiusmodi presumptio sit sagaciter extirpanda fratemitati tu:i per ap. scripta mandamus, quatinus huiusmodi presbiteros tune diocesis ab executione ordinis sic suscepti appellatione remota nostra fretus auctoritate sus- pendas nisi forsan eorum aliqui de tua uel predecessoris tui licentia fuerint ab episcopis Grecis taliter ordinati, circa quod suppleas quod ab illis fuerit preter- missum, et provideas tamen attente ne clericos tu;e diocesis ab episcopis Grecis ulterius ordinari permittas, et si qui preter tuani uoluntatem ab eis se fecerint ordinari, tu eos suspendas perpetuo ab executione ordinum taliter susceptorum." Compilat. III. Lib. i. Tit. ix. c. 1 (Friedberg, p. 108). AVhy this should have been omitted from the Decretals of Gregory IX. is not apparent. It evidently was an inveterate abuse that those unable to obtain ordination at home should resort to the Greek prelates of southern Italy, nor was it easy to suppress so long as the Penitentiary was ready to issue dispensations to those who had profited by it. The case is not fully met by the decrees of ( oelestin III. and Innocent III. preserved by Gregory (c. 9, 11, Extra I. xi.). TABULA. [PAGES] i. De symonia commissa in spiritualibus .... [9] n. De symonia mentali . . . . . . . [10] in. De symonia commissa in ordine ..... [10] iv. De symonia commissa in ordine eo inscio qui promouetur [11] v. De eo qui dat liberaliter aliqtiid post susceptionem or- dinum . . . [12] vi. Super eo quod possit haberi ecclesia symoniace obtenta [13] vn. De eo qui augmentat pensionem solitam ut ecclesiam ob- tineat [14] vin. De eo qui pactum fecit cum electoribus suis . . . [15] ix. De eo qui scienter beneficium obtinet per uitium symonie [16] x. De symonia commissa sine culpa obtinentis . . [17] xi. De symonia commissa in beneficio eo inscio qui bene ficium est adeptus .... xn. De symoniace receptis in religione xin. De eo qui excommunicatus recipit beneficium xiv. De occisoribus prelatorum . . . [20] xv. De occisoribus clericorum et absolutione commissa prop- ter multitudinem .... xvi. De hiis qui intersunt occisioni alicuius scelerati clerici . [26] xvn. De absolutione obtenta preter stilum curie super occisi- one clericorum .... . [27] xviii. De clerico qui mutilatur sine culpa sua . . [28] xix. De clerico qui casu fortuito mutilatur . xx. De eo qui interfuit mutilationi alicuius clerici et non fuit in culpa ....... xxi. De eo qui precipit furem signari . xxn. De eo qui mutilat aliquem et non potest uenire ad curiam [32] xxiri. De eo qui incitat aliquem ad uindictam xxnii. De hiis qui intersunt homicidiis non dantes opem uel consilium occidenti .... xxv. De homicidio casuali .... xxvi. De eo qui habetur suspectus de homicidio xxvn. De eo qui dubitat esse homicida cum non sit . [42] TABULA. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV. XXXV. XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. XL. XLI. XLII. XLIII. XLIV. XLV. XLVI. XL VII. XL VI 1 1. XLIX. L. LI. LII. L1II. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LIX. [PAGES] De homicidio iiecessario [45] De oppressione puerorum [47] De eo qui retorsit culpam in se nt aliura liberaret a morte ......... [48] De raedicis ........ [48] De chirurgicis ........ [49] De hereticis conuersis ad penitentiam . . . [50] De heretico qui sponte confitetur herrorera . . [52] De inquisitione comraittenda contra hereticos 1 . . [51] De eo qui de heresi suspectus habetur . . . [53] De eo qui participat heretico non in elemosine . . [54] De eo qui uidetur comraunicasse heretico sed sine culpa [55] De eo qui reconciliatus [est] ecclesie abiurata heretica pravitate [58] De filiis hereticorum proruouendis in religionem . [58] De filio heretic! iam promoto [59] De hiis qui feruiit ligna ad hereticos coraburendos . [60] De inquisitione comraittenda super infamia alicuius clerici [61] De occultis et gravibus excessibus .... [61] De manifestis excessibus [62] De occultis et dubiis excessibus ..... [63] De monacho qui se fecit circuracidi .... [64] Defalsariis [65] De eo qui falsas pro ueris litteras reportatur . . [66] De suspitioue falsitatis [66] De eo qui uexat aliquem per litteras apostolicas alte- rius nomine impetratas ...... [68] De sententia canonis [69] De eo qui absolutus ab excommunicatione non ob- tempta dispensatione promouetur ad ordines . . [71] De eo qui excommunicationis immemor promotus est ad ordines [72] De eo qui dubitat utrum sit absolutus de sententia canonis [73] De eodem et de eo qui participant excommunicatis . [73] De eodem et de absolutionis beneficio ad cautelam . [74] De eo qui credens percutere laycum percutit clericum [74] De eo qui contra se excommunicationis sententiam promulgauit [75] 1 In the text Nos. xxxiv. and xxxv. are transposed. TABULA. 3 [PAGES] LX. De eo qui non confitetur excommunicationem et petit absolui ........ [75] LXI. 1 LXII. De eo qui habitus est pro excommunicate cum non sit [76] LXIII. De eo qui defendendo seipsum effudit sanguinem in clerico vel regulari ...... [76] LXIV. De sententiis legatorum ...... [70] LXV. De eisdem et de iuramento relaxato . . . [77] LXVI. De sententiis iudicum delegatorum propter contuma- tiam promulgatis ....... [78] LXVII. De sententiis ordinarii [80] LXVIII. De sententia lata post appellationem . . . [82] LXIX. De monacho appellante ab abbate suo . . . [84] LXX. De abbatissa que excommunicauit moniales . . [84] LXXI. De committenda absolutione in genere pro monachis [84] LXXII. De eo quiuocatus ad synodum non accessit et excom- municatus uel suspensus propter hoc celebrat . [85] LXXIII. De eo qui excommunicatus uel suspensus ab ordina- rio suo celebrat divina ..... [86] LXXIV. De eo qui ignorat sententiam latam ab episcopo suo contra eum et celebrat ..... [86] LXXV. De excommunicatis in genere propter culpam suain [87] LXXVI. De eo qui communicauit excommunicatis a domino papa et promouetur non absolutus . . [87] LXXVII. De eo qui celebrat excommunicatis presentibus . [88] LXXVIII. De eo qui excommunicatus in genere est pro furto et celebrat [89] LXXIX. De eo qui dubitat excommunicatione teneri cum non sit excommunicatus ...... [90] LXXX. De eo qui portat res uetitas saracenis . . . [92] LXXXI. De excommunicato a legato propter contumaciam et expirat eius auctoritas [93] LXXXII. De eo qui excommunicatus fuit propter uicesimam detentam et decessit antequam perueniant ad eum littere absolutionis ...... [93] LXXXIII. De incendiariis [95] LXXXIV. De concubinariis excommunicatis a legatis . . [95] LXXXV. De seutentia ordinarii contra concubinarios . . [97] LXXXVI. De eo qui resumpsit concubinam quam abiurauit . [98] 1 This line is blank in the Table, and the succeeding numbers are all advanced beyond those in the text, up to No. CLXIX. TABULA. [PAGES] LXXXVII. De eo qui fuit suspensus perpetuo propter concu- binam et est restitutus ..... [99] LXXXVIII. De eo qui retinuit concubinam quam abiuravit non ad lubricum carnis ...... [99] LXXXIX. De eo qui confitetur aliud quam contineant littere impetrate [100] LXXXX. De eo qui [per] falsos testes est conuictus . . [100] LXXXXI. De eo qui celebrat in ecclesia interdicta . . [101] LXXXXII. De eo qui uiolat apostolicum interdictum . . [101] LXXXXIII. De prelatis qui concedunt litteras suas de mutuo contrahendo [102] LXXXXIIII. De absolutions beneficio prelatis impenso ad caute- lam [103] LXXXXV. Super eodem pro presentibus 1 .... [105] LX xxxvi. Super eodem pro absentibus ..... [104] LXXXXVII. Super eodem pro magistris absentibus . . . [105] LXX xxvin. Super eodem et de sententiis latis post appellatio- nem ad sedem apostolicam .... [106] LXXXXIX. De absolutione impensa in articulo mortis super sententia canonis uel ordinarii .... [107] c. De promotis contra ritum ecclesie Komane . . [107] ci. De promotis per saltum [108] en. De eo qui non recordatur ut receperit ordines . [110] cur. De furtiue promotis [HO] ciin. De eo qui contra maudatum ordinatoris recipit or dines [Ill] cv. De promotis tern pore non statute .... [112] cvi. De eo qui non ieiunus recepit ordines . . . [113] cvn. De eo qui una die recepit minores ordines et unum de sacris [114] cvni. De promote a non suo episcopo .... [115] cix. De promote in Apulia ....... [116] ex. De eodem, sed male promoto . . . . [118] cxi. De monoculo iam promoto ..... [118] cxii. De eo qui celebrat in ordine non subscepto . . [118] cxni. De eo qui dubitat aliquem ordinem obmisisse . [120] cxiin. De presentato ad ordines sub conditione . . [121] cxv. De eo qui promouetur contra prohibitionem ordi narii [121] 1 There has been a transposition here. Rubric LXXXXV. should follow the next two lines instead of preceding them. TABULA. 5 [PAGES] cxvi. De eo qui promisit se [non] impetiturum presenta- torem uel ordinatorem suum . . . . [122] cxvii. De servo promote ad ordines [122] cxvin. De iuramentis illicitis [] 23] cxix. De iuramento licito non seruato . . . . [124] cxx. De periurio [125] cxxi. De matrimonio simplici [120] cxxn. De matrimonio in quarto et quinto consanguinitatis graclu contracto ....... [126] cxxm. De matrimonio contracto per uim et metum . . [127] cxxim. De sponsalibus contracts infra septennium . . [127] cxxv. De matrimonio contracto post uotum sollempne . [128] cxxvi. De matrimonio contracto post uotum simplex . . [129] cxxvii. De eo qui contraxit in sacris ordinihus consti- tutus . [129] cxxvin. De clerico qui contraxit cum uirgiue et alius thorum maculauit ipsius [131] cxxix. De adulterio per presbiterum perpetrate . . . [132] cxxx. De eo qui uxore propter adulterium dimissa religio- nem intrauit ....... [133] cxxxi. De muliere qui temere a uiro discessit et intrauit re- ligionem ........ [134] cxxxn. De eo qui cognovit carnaliter consanguineam uxoris sue [134] cxxxni. De eo qui u.xorem recepit quam eius consobrinus post contractual matrimonium oppresserat . . [134] cxxxiv. De eo qui cognouit carnaliter matrem uxoris sue . [135] cxxxv. De eo qui duxit in matrimonium quam polluit per adulterium [135] cxxxvi. De eo qui promotus est uxore ignorante . . . [136] cxxxvii. De eo qui promotus est ad sacros ordines de licentia uxoris sue . [136] cxxxvin. De uoto continentie in matrimonio facto . . . [137] cxxxix. De clandestina benedictione nubentium . . . [137] CXL. De eo qui simulate sponsalia benedicit . . . [138] CXLI. De eo qui de natalibus dubitat .... [139] CXLII. De illegitimo qui promouetur ad sacros ordines . [140] CXLIII. De illegitimo qui conministrat patri in religione . [141] CXLIIII. De illegitimo qui promouetur ad ordines in reli gione [142] CXLV. De nouitiis . 6 TABULA. [PACES] CXLVI. De ea que reclusorium intrauit 11011 emisso uoto con- tinentie nee loci stabilitate promissa . . . [143] CXLVII. De eo qui sub protestatione intrauit religionem . . [144] CXLVI ii. De eo qui intrat religionem et infra tempore puber- tatis egreditur . [144] CXLIX. De eo qui promittit se aliquem ordinem intraturum sub conditione [145] CL. De eo qui dicit simpliciterse intraturum religionem et non intrat ........ [145] CLI. De eo qui de artiori ordine transit ad laxiorem causa necessitatis ........ [146] CLII. De eo qui transit de minor! ad strictiorem . . . [146] run. De eo qui petit sibi ordinem mitigari propter infirmi- tatem . [147] CLIIII. De eo qui petit sibi rigorem regule mitigari . [148] CLV. De eo qui in alio ordine toleratur .... [149] CLVI. De eo qui de minori ordine transit ad strictiorem et redit ad priorem .... . [149] CLVII. De eo qui transit ad aliud monasterium eiusdem ordinis sine licentia . . . . . . . [150] CLVIII. De hiis qui coacti suscipiunt habitum regularem et profitentur inuiti ... . [150] CLIX. De hiis qui ordinem recipiunt non ut remaneant sed ut liberentur a carcere ...... [151] CLX. De eo qui minor annis existens uouit religionem in- trare et sustinere non potest ... . [152] CLXI. De eo qui indutus habitum regularem dum esset intirmus et restitutus saluti dimittit ilium . . . [152] CLXII. De hiis qui abiecto habitu regulari promouentur et celebrant in seculo . [154] CLXIII. De clerico apostata et transeunte ad actus seculi . . [155] CLX 1 1 n. De eo qui petit recipi in monasterio de quo fuit eiectus . [157] CLXV. De religioso qui uouit se alium ordinem intraturum et non intrauit .... [158] CLX vi. De eo qui diu stetit in monasterio et expressa professione non facta fuit assumptus in abbatem . . . [158] CLXVII. De eo qui religionem intrat propter multos excessus et indiget dispensatione .... . [159] CLXVIII. De conuerso qui recepit primam benedictioriem com- munione [159] TABULA. 7 [PAGES] CLXIX. De confessione coinraittenda pro exeraptis de per sona exempta possit sibi eligere confessorem quern malit 1 [ioo] CLXX. De confessione committenda pro non exemptis . . [101] CLXXT. De eo qui recepit in se bonus penitentie alterius . [161] CLXXIT. De penitentia moderanda [162] CLXXIIT. De transgressione uotorum ... . [104] CLXXIIII. De dilatione uotorum . . [105] CLXXV. De uoto sub conditione facto . . [167] CLXXVI. De coramutatione uotorum 2 . . . [166] CLXXVII. De absolutione uoti ... ... [168] CLXXVIII. De sepulturis ........ [170] CLXXTX. De hiis qui corpus excommunicati contra mandatum superioris tradunt ecclesiastice sepulture . . [177] 1 Two rubrics are here run together those of CLXVIII. and CLXIX. of the text. 2 Rubrics CLXXV. and CLXXVI. are here transposed. INCIPIUNT FORME ROMANE CURIE COMPOSITE A MAGISTRO THOMASIO BONE MEMORIE PRESBITERO CARDINALI. SUPER CASIBUS PENITENTIE. I. DE SlMONIA COMMISSA IN SPIRITUALIBUS. Abbati Cavensi i 1 Cum monasterii uestri ueneranda religio uirtutum debeat candore nitere conuenit ut macule si quc ipsius puritatem uidentur inficere autoritate sedis apostolice abstergantur, ut regularis splendor obfuscantibns maculis purgatus cluceat, et eius claritatem homines intuentes delectentur in ipso, et ad sui deuotionem fortius accendantur. Accepimus sane quod [tempo re] bone memorie abbatis et quidem predecessoris uestri pro qtiadam summa pecunie in monasterio uestro a - - quondam caucel- lario regni deposita, qnam postmodum hide sicut asseritis uobis inuitis princeps abstulit secularis, quasi coacti consanguineis eiu.s- dem cancellarii sub excommunicationis pena et iuramenti uinculo promisistis quod pro ipsius anima una inissa pro defunctis cele- bretur in eodem monasterio omni die. Verum cum symoniaca talis promissio uideatur, nee possitis illain absque periculo et scandalo amplius obseruare, postulastis a nobis super premissis apostolice sedis prouidentia subueniri. Nos autem huius rei teuore diligenter audito, ue aliqua macula uestre religionis obnubilat puritatem, de domini pape liceutia propter lioc specialiter re- quisita uos a promissione huiusmodi qua ipso iure uidemini non teneri, si tameu rei ueritas sic se liabet, duximus absoluendos, presentes uobis litteras in testimonium concedentes. 1 The abbey of Cava near Salerno was a celebrated Benedictine house, founded in 980 and consecrated by Urban II. in person, in 1092 (Ughelli, Italia Sacra, VI. 511, Ed. 1659). 2 10 II, III. DE SYMONIA ETC. II. DE SYMONIA MENTALI. Abbati de Orta, 1 Premonstratensis ordinis. Porrecta nobis ex parte uestra petitio eontinebat quod quidani nionastcrii uestri canoniei et conuersi licet contractu pactionis uel conditionis ex- presse notam so incurrissc 11011 reputent symonie, contractum tamen roputant atVectionis occulte, quia noniuinqnam quod symonia 11011 accusat iu publico mcutnlis in abdito non excusat. Super quo prouidcri cis do ipsonun salute sollicitus snpplicastis. Quia uero digna cst fauoris prosecutione religio, consulimus quateuus sic circa talcs corruptc mentis atlectuin condigna penitentia puniat de iii-rcssu <jnod ad egressnm rio-oris aspcritas non compellat. III. Di: SYMONIA COMMISSA IN ORDINE. Episc* >})<>- . Audita confcssione latoris presentium ipsuni cxccutione sa<rrdotalis officii (juixl male suscepit duxiinus suspen- dcndum, auctoritate domini papo etc., quatcnus postquam rcatum siinni i>cnitentia cDiidigna purgaucrit ipsum in executione aliorum onlinum quos rite snsccpit si eius saluti et rcgulari honestati cxpc<lire uideritis per dispensationis gratiam admittatis. DE ROD EM. (2). Kpiscopo . Audita confessione- -presentium porti- torum ipsos a sacrorum onlinum quos male receperaut executione suspendimus auctoritate domini pape etc. (j-uatcnus postquam re- atiim stium satisfactionc condigna purgauerint ipsos in executione miiiorum si corum saluti oxpeclirc uideritis, per dispensatiouis gratiam dimittatis. 1 Orte, on the Tilwr, not far from Vitcrlx). IV. DE SYMONIA COMMISSA IN ORDINE. II IV. DE SYMONIA COMMISSA IN OIIDINE EO QUI PROMOUETUK. ^ Episcopo Claromontano. B. presbiteri latoris prescntium con- fessio continebat quod idem olim in minoribus ordinibus consti- tutus ad presentationem abbatis de - - cui prior ipsius monasterii amicus eiusdem presbiteri xiij sol. piscium in exenium nulla pac- tione sen couditione prenia gratis obtulit, eodem pcnitiis ignorante per uos fuit in subdyaconum ordinatus. Super [(juo] apos- tolice sedis clementiam adiit postulans consilium salutare. Quocirca de special! mandate doraini pape cousulimus quatcnus si predictis ueritas sutfragatur aliudque canonicum nou obsistat, permittatis ipsnm in executione ipsius ordinis et aliorum quos rite se asserit recipisse, libere ministrare, cum nulla eum pena punire debeat quern culpa aliqua nou condcmnat. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Pampilonensi. Habet assertio presbiteri P. latoris presentium quod dum olim esset in subdiaconum promouendus frater suns - - archipresbitero qui debebat ipsum episcopo presentare solnit quandam peonuie quantitatem : sic quod, ordine subdiaconatus assnmpto, expers culpe et uitii prorsus igna- rus, alios sacros assumpsit et niinistrauit nichilominus in eisdem. Verum cum pecnnie predicte solutio post longi temporis spatium ad ^eius notitiam peruenisset ratimi nou habuit quod datum sic extitit nee restitution cognoscere noluit sic solutum nee preterito uicio sequent! communicauit assensu, quinimmo ab executione ordinum receptorum uoluntaria suspeusionc cessauit. Nos autem etc.^quatenus si est ita et predicto - - uite mcritum et fame testinionium suffragantur, alio canon ico nou obstante, ipsum ad dispensation is gratiam admittatis. 1 1 In these cases and in some of the subsequent ones there is manifested a most sensitive conscientiousness as to the simony of paying anything, directly or in directly, for presentation to holy orders. This sensitiveness did not last and such payments became a matter of course. When Jean, Bishop of Liege, in 1447, endeavored to set bounds to the abuses of his episcopal court, among other reforms which lie instituted was a limitation to six gronsi of the charge for presentation to holy orders, and his regulations were confirmed in 1451 by Nicholas V.-Surii Concilior. T. IV. p. 502 (Ed. Colon. Agripp. 1567). 12 V. DE EO QUI DAT LIBERALITER ETC. BE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Xantoncnsi. Willielmi diaconi latoris present! nm uestre diocesis confessio continebat quod cum deberct ad sacros ordines promoueri iurauit x. lib. in reditibus se habere credens quod tantuni ualeret patrimonii reditus annuatim : sicque post- modum ad saoros ordines est promotus. Veruni cum bonis patri- iiionialibus diuisis proportionaliter inter f rat res, pars sua minus ualeat quam iurauit. Supplieauit a sede apostolica etc. Nos igitur etc. usque qiiatenns, iniuncta predict o diacono penitentia competeute cum ij)so si alias ci et uite meritum et fame testimonium etc. usque dispensetis. V. Di; EO i>n DAT LIBEUALITKR AI,KJUID POST SUSCEPTIONEM ORDINIS. Kpiscopo Pampilonensi. (Jar. presbyter lator presentium humili nobis confessione moustrauit quod cum olim ipse cuidam clcrico promisisset arietem ut ipsum inter ordinandos episcopo presentaret, idem clericns et promittentem increpauit et promissionem huiusmodi uon admisit. Sicque gratis ordinatione secuta presentator arietem promissione preuia dobitum quod omnino repulerat, sic pure de oblatioue gratuita sincera deuotione recepit. Super quo dictus G. supplicauit humiliter salutari sibi consilio prouideri. C^uia uero dc iacto et facti cimimstanciis uos habere potestis notitiam pleuio- rem committimus quatenus si premissc promissionis uitium presen- tantis liberalitas prorstis excludit ipsum G. dimittatis in executione ordinis sic suscepti. Si uero spes infecta proinissi subsecute solu- tione reliquias reseruauit, interdicto sibi presbiteratus officio, in aliis rite receptis, si ei et uite merita etc. cum ipso misericorditer dispensetis. DE EODEM. (2). Arcbiepiscopo Compostellano. M. presbyter lator presentium uestre diocesis humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod cum esset olim in dyaconum promouendus ipse ac quidam alii promouendi archiprcsbiterum (jui presentabat eos non interueniente pacto nee VI. DE ECCLESIA SIMONIACE OBTEMPTA. 13 conditione preuia proeuranmt ; quo procurato ct computatioue sumptuum faeta dictus M. pro rata sua -. soldos legionis monete persoluit qui ualentiam duorum solidoruni turonensium non ex- cedunt. Super quo etc. ISTos autem etc. usque quatenus, inqui- sita super premissis diligeutius ueritate, si rem inueneritis ita esse, non reputetis eumdem ex hiis irregularitatis impedimento teneri,ad cautelam tamen aliquam sibi penitentiam iniungatis. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Firmano. 1 - presbiteri latoris prescntium petitio continebat quod ipse olim episcopo Humanati 2 pro cereo qui consueuit oiferri nulla couditione seu pactione preuia uij sold, rauennatum dedit gratis cum ab eo fuit do uestra licentia in presbiterum ordinatus, alias etiam tune sine hoc nichilominus promouendus. Super quo sibi petiit etc. Nos autem etc. quatenus si dictus - presbiter non ex pacto uel conditione prcuie promissionis denar. hujusmodi contulit, uel eorum obtentu non fuerit ordinatus, iniuncta ei penitentia ad cautelam ipsum in susceptis ordinibus dimittatis. DE EODEAf. (4). Episcopo . Fratris G. monachi sancti Fortunati do confessio continebat quod ipse olim existens in socnlo arcliiepiscopo Compsano ad opus ecclesie que tune incepcrat reparari, nulla pac tione sen conditione preuia dedit gratis iiij. taronos Salernitane monete cum ab eo fuit in diaconum ordinatus alias ctiam tune sine hoc nichilominus promouendus. Super quo etc. Nos autem etc. ut supra. VI. SUPER EG QUOD POSSIT HABERI ECCLESIA SlMOXIACE OBTEMPTA. Vidimus litteras quas pro latore preseutium domino pape misistis etc. usque quatenus postquam idem in manibus uestris resigna- 1 The see of Fermo was not erected into an archiepiscopate until 1589. 2 The bishopric of Humana, near Loreto, was united with that of Ancona by Martin V. in 1422. 14 VII. DE EO QUI AUGMEXTAT PENSIONEM ETC. uerit ecclesiam sic obtentam si utilitas euidens et necessitas urgens exegerit illam oonferatis eidem, intendentes prouidere in hoc eccle- sie jx)tius qunm persone. SUPER EODEM (2). Episcopo Burgensi. P. subdiaconi latoris prcsentium assertio contincbat quod olini ecclesia Burgensi pastore uacante cum litteris archipresbiteri sui ad uenerabilem patrein episcopum Ossomenscm acccssit in subdiaconum promouendus. Verum cum ipsc et alii sotii quos eedem littcre continebant reccpti ct inter ordinandos subscripti fuissent ac ordinationis tempore proinouendorum mul- titudo sibi difficultatem ingereret, cuidam layco qui ei cartulam sifjillatam concesserat in cuius ostensione acccssum liabnit expedi- tum tribuit duos soldos. Super quo apostolice sedis etc. Nos aiitcni etc. usque iniuneta sibi penitentia ad cautelam etc. VII. DE EO QUI AUGMEXTAT PEXSIOXEM SOLITAM UT ECCLESIAM OBTINEAT. Archidiacono Lcmouicensi. Jo. presbiter lator presentium pro- posuit coram nobis ([nod ipse, proeurante auunculo suo, ecclesiam quandam obtinuit pensione antiqua ex pactione preuia plus solito aiigmentata, et licet pactionis huiusmodi aliquandiu fuisset ignarus, niehilominus tamen factus eonseius ecclesiam memoratam retinuit, et pensionem cum integritate persoluens ad ipsius titulum ordines diaconatus et presbiteratus assurapsit, in quibus non purgato uitio ex iuris ignorantia ministrauit. Sane cum ecclesiam sic obtentam sit resignare paratus humiliter petiit etc. Quia uero Lemouicensis ecclesia uacat ad ])resens committimus (luatenus cum pref atus J. ecclesiam istam in nostris manibus resignarit, iniuneta ei pro culpe modo etc. usque admittatis. VIII. DE EO QUI PACTUM FECIT ETC. 15 VIII. DE EO QUI PACTUM FECIT CUM ELECTORIBUS suis. Abbati monasterii Columbfi. 1 Ex parte uestra fuit propositum coram nobis quod cum olim in monasterio uestro imminerct electio facienda M. monachus tractatu habito cum quibusdam ut per cos administratorem ipsius monasterii peruenerit, inhonestas pactioncs iniuit cum eisdem. Sane predicto suum propositum assecuto, diocesanus episcopus ad cuius notitiam fama nuntiante peruenerat quod ipsius fuerat uitiosa promotio, sententialiter ab administra- tionis officio amouit eundem. Verum cum ex huiusmodi pactioni- bus idem M. eiusque electores labem incurrerint symonie, ac igno- rantia juris non purgato uitio in suis ordinibus ministrauerint, postulastis eorum saluti de prouidentia sedis apostolice subueniri. Nos autem etc. quatenus prefatis M. et electoribus suis pro culpe modo iniuucta penitentia competente eisque ad tempus etc. quo ad ordinum executioncm ante hujusmodi promotionem suspensis, de etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Ferentino. Jo. clerici ecclesie de Ferentino latoris presentium petitio continebat quod cum olim ccclesia rectore uacante quidam eiusdem ecclesie clericus monuisset eundem ut ipsum eligeret in rectorem, promittens ei fide interposita conferre bonum bene- ficium in ecclesia memorata, et idem cum aliis ipsum in rectorcm postmodum eligissent [sic] antecessor uester promissionis huius modi notitia apprehensa eundem officio beneficioque priuauit. Cunque super hoc apostolice sedis implorasset subsidium et obtiuuisset litteras ut circa premissa ageretur misericorditer cum eodem, ex ipsius autecessoris obitu fuit ei misericordia retardata. Super quo sibi petiit de prouidentia etc. Nos autem committimus quateuus iniuncta ei pro modo culpe penitentia competente, demum si aliud canonicum non obsistat post uinum rigoris oleum miseri- cordie sauciati nulneribus per dispensationis gratiam infundatis. 1 Probably the Cistercian abbey of La Colombe, in the diocese of Limoges. 16 IX. DE EO QUI SCIENTER ETC. IX. DE EO QUI SCIENTER BENEFICIUM OllTINUIT PER VlTIUM SYMONIE. Arehiepiscopo Burdigalensi. A. presbiter lator present iu in humiliter nobis confessione monstrauit quod cum ecclesie de medietatem haberet ad medietatem aliam non absque symoniace prauitatis labe peruenit et hujusmodi uitio non purgato iuris ignarus ad gradum sacerdotii est promotus. Tandem apertis intelligentie oculis cognita cnlpa medietatem illarn ecclesie quam symoniace fuerat asseeutus in uestri predecessoris manibus resig- nanit. Verum super executione ordinis sic suscepti sedem apos- tolicam adiit et ad hostium misericordie eius multa pulsauit in- stantia humiliter supplicans sibi dispensationis ianuam aperiri, presort i in cum aliam medietatem ecclesie memorate quam fuerat adoptus canonice aperto sedi apostolice rosignauerit, in penam partis corrupte priuatus. nichilominus et parte sincera. Quia uero post uinum riu-oris sauciati uulneribus infundendum est oleum leuitatis et j)ost uerbora patris porrigenda sunt ubera matris corn- mittimus quatenus cum dicto A. si alias oi et uite meritum et fame testimouium sutlragantur aliudque eanonieum non obsistat, de misericordia que super exaltat iudicio super executione sacerdotalis officii misericorditer dispcnsetis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Litrefi. 1 Ex tenore litterarum quas domino pape misistis accepimus cum alias clericus recipiebatur a capitulo in eanonieum et fratrem quod ex antiqua consuetudine uel potius corruptela que in Litrensi eoclesia inoleuit pactione preuia ipsum soluere oportebat prestito nichilominus sacramento ut cuilibet de- codentium fratrum x. missas cantari faceret aut cantaret si sacerdo tal i offieio fungeretur. Verum cum ex premissis non crederent symoniaca labe respergi iuris ignari non purgato uitio sacros ordines et ecclesiastica beneficia sunt adepti. Tandem apertis intelligentie oculis a sacrorum executione cessarunt donee saluti prouideretur 1 Probably LiteranensiH (Lettere), a discontinued see in tlie province of Amalli. X. DE SYMONIA SINE GULP A. 17 eorum. Super quibus petistis eisdem raisericordie ianuam aperiri. Nos autem etc. quatenus postquam predict! clerici reuunciaueriut loco et beneficiis sic obteutis iniuncta illis etc. usque npn obstante, ipsos ad executionem ordiuum et perceptionem beneficiorum non tamen in locis et beneficiis prioribus, per dispensationis gratiam admittatis, ut sic culpam pena castiget, et simplicitatis errori misericordia non negctur, presertim cum raultitudinem predicta inuoluerit corruptela, et ubi mult or um strages subtrahendum aliquid sit rigori : ea uero que premissa occasione fuerint prestita in illius utilitatem ecclesie conuertantur in cuius injuriam sint recepta. X. DE SYMONIA COMMISSA IN BENEFICIO SINE CULPA OBTINENTIS. Episcopo Bononiensi. 1 Ex tenore litterarum uestrarum accepi- mus quod cum olim presentium lator procuraritibus quibus- dam parentibus suis adeptus fuisset quandam ecclesiam per uitiurn simonie, ad apostolicam sedem accessit et super eo quod ignarus uitii ad titulum eiusdem ecclesie ordines sacros receperat uestras ad nos litteras reportauit, quarum obtentu quo ad executionem ordinum taliter susceptorum cum eo duxistis misericorditer dispensandum, resignata in manibus ueslris ccclesia sic adepta. Verum cum ad restituendarn sibi dictam ecclesiam distuleritis liabere processum quamuis houeste ac laudabiliter conuersatus fuerit in eadem, ad nos remisistis eundem, ut de prouidentia sedis apostolice uberiorem gratiam reportaret. ISTos autem, intellects que circa commenda- tionem persone premisse littere continebant, committimus quatenus si euidens utilitas uel necessitas urgens exegerit, cum predicto ut ad eamdem ecclesiam admittatur de nouo, alio non obstaute canonico, dispensetis. 1 Bologna was not erected into an archiepiscopal see until 1582, by Gregory XIII. 18 XI, XII. I)E SYMONIA ETC. XL DE SYMONIA COMMISSA IN BENEFICIO EO INSCIO QUI BENEFICIUM EST ADEPTUS. Kpiscopo Gorunclonsi. Sicut ex litteris uestris accepimus B. presbiter lator presentinm olim infra pubcres annos existens quod- dam beneficium ecclesiasticum, eo ignorante, parcntum ct aliorum amicorum suorum studio est adeptus per uitium symonie, quo nee purgato ad omncs sacros ordines est promotus ministrans uichilo- ininus in eisdem. Verum cum postmodum cognito uitio renunei- arit spontaneus beneficio memorato ipsum ad sedem apostolicam destinastis, anime sue salutarc consilium pctiturum. Nos autem etc. quatenus cum ipso si predictis ucritas suffragatiir, et datum pro co pretium non soltiit postmodum i[>se sacris, aliudquc canouicum nun obsistat, iniuncta sibi pcnitcntia competente, super executione sic susceptorum ordinum misericorditer dispensetis. DE EODEM. (2). Kpiscopo Tudcrtino. Egidius presbiter lator presentinm sua nobis coufessione monstrauit quod pater suns, eo penitus ignorante, locum et beueficium iu ecclesia - - de Tuderto sibi obtinuit mediaute uitio symouie et licet idem ad mandatum uestrum loco et beneficio renuntiauerit sic obteutis uos tamen ipsum nichilominus abofficio suspendistis, propter quod de uestra prudeutia non modicum admiramur cum ibidem ipse presbiter nullum ut asserit receperit ordinem nee ultra sit extendenda uiudicta quam inueniatur in ex- ccdcnte delictum. Quocirca eundem E. ad uos duximus remitten- dum auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus considerate quid liceat, quid expediat, super hoc cum eo prout discretionem uestram de- cuerit faciatis, ita quod propter hoc idem presbiter non cogatur iterato ad sedem apostolicam laborare. XII. DE SIMONIACE RP:CEPTIS IN RELIGIONE. Archiepiscopo Senonensi. P. monachi latoris presentium petitio contiuebat quod olim parentes eius infra annos teneros constitutum XII. DE SIMONIACE RECEPTIS IN RELIGIONS. 10 in monasterio non sine labc symoniace prauitatis recipi procuratur [sic]. Cunque abbas eiusdcm monastcrii eum uellet ad sacros ordines promoueri, ipse quia iam ad notitiam eius pcruencrat uitium in sui reccptione contractum cuihs a principio fuerat prorsus iguarus se susceptioni ordinum subtrahebat. Abbas autem asserens se a sede apostolica super hiis dispensation is licentiam impetrauisse eum ad receptionem sacrorum ordinum coegit imperio, per oblate dispensationis gratiam excusatiouem excusatis elidens. Verum quia fides allegate liceutie dispensandi ad quietem conscientie non peruenit scrupulosi cordis scandal urn uoluntarie penc subiccit, soip- sum per quinquennium a sic susceptorum ordinum executione sus- pendcns, spe tamen non omnino sublata quin apostolice sedis de mentia Don releuet quern confusio credite culpe deiecit. Quia uero de circumspectione ucstra multa fiducia geritur, auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus dictum monachum ad monasterium aliud eius- dem uel pans seueritatis 1 obseruantie faciatis transferri, et iniuncta sibi penitentia coDipctente, tandem prout inerita proprie satisfac- tionis exegerint cum eo in susceptis ordinibus dispcnsetis, si tamen non constitit cum eodem fuisse per alium legitime dispensatum. Ceterum si ei alterius mouasterii difficilis reddatur ingressus, pre- dicte receptionis uitio renuntiatione libera ct condigna satisfactione utcunque purgato, ipsum ne tanquam ouis oberrans lupi rapacis raorsibus pateat ad ouile primum quasi de nouo sed non in loco priori de quadam prouidentia reducatis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo . Ex parte abbatisse ac conuentus mo- nialium monasterii de Cluniaceusis ordinis fuit propositum coram nobis quod quamplures moniales eiusdem monasterii, post con cilium generale, 2 in ipso aliis assensum prestantibus, ingressum symo- niacum habuerunt, et nichilominus quodam improuidentie lubrico non purgato uitio se miscuere diuiuis. Super quo apostolice sedis misericordiam imploraruut, supplicantes ut et fragilitas sexus cul- pam attenuet et gratia ueniam anpliet religionis applausu. Quocirca circumspectioni uestre etc. usque quateuus dictas mouiales trausferri ad aliud monasterium artioris uel saltern eiusdem ordinis faciatis, 1 Seruatoris, MS. 2 Concil. Lateran. IV. ann. 1215 c. 64. (See Introduction). 20 XIII. DE EXCOMMUNICATO. XIV. DE OCCISORIBUS. ct injuncta eis penitentia coinpetente ceterum, etc. usque reducatis. Ille autem quo cousilio uel auxilio uitio commuuicaucre predicto pro culpe participio iuxta uestre discrctiouis arbitrium pene participant salutari. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo - . Ex partc - - prioris - - Premon- stratcnsls ordinis nobis extitit intimatum quod olim parcntes ejus ipsum infra annos teueros constituttim in monastcriuin Bone Spei 1 non sine labe symoniace prauitatis recipi procuranint, et in codem postmodum ad onmes sacros ordincs est promotus. Ycruni cum ad ipsius peruenit notitiam uitium in sui reecptione contractum cuius a principio f uerat prorsus ignarus, scrupulosi cordis scandalum uol- untarie pene subiecit, seipsum a susceptorum executione suspendens, spe taincn non oninino sublata quin apostolice sedis dementia rele- uet quern sic alicna culpa dciecit. Quia uero de circumspectione ucstra ccrta fiducia goritur nos auctoritate domini pape committi- mu.s quatenus eundem transferri ad aliud monasterium equalis obseruautie iacientes tandem prout inerita conuersationis exegerint cum eo in susceptis ordinibus dispensetis. Ccterum etc. usque reducatis. XIII. Di: EO c^ui EXCOMMUNICATUS RECIPIT BEXEFICIUM. Episcopo . Intellect!* quo litere continent presentibus intercluse auctoritate domini j>ape prudentie uestre committimus (|iiatenus post liberam renuuciationem illius beneficii quod K. clericus lator prcsentium ante obtentam absolutionem rcccpcrat, de illo uel <le alio prouideatis eidem, si aliud canonicum non obsistat, prout suorum exegerint suffragia meritorum. XIV. DE OCCISORIBUS PRELATORUM. Archiepiscopo Antibarensi. Licet atrocissima sit illorum iniuria qui raanus sacrilegas in necein spiritualium pat rum extendunt et 1 An abbey in Hainault, near Binche. XIV. DE OCCISORIBUS PRELATORUM. 21 indigne anxiliimi ecclesie innocent qni earn tarn accrbiter in sponsis offendunt, quia tamen ipsa quod matris est exhibens non consucuit redeuntibus claudere gremium, sic recipit penitentes quos trans- gressores pena castiget : cum siut culpe in quibus impic parcitur ct misericorditer deseuitur. Sane qui suum episcopum ausu sacrilego interfecit ad uos de speciali mandate domini pape ab excommunicatione quam propter hoc incurrerat rcmittimus uenie formis ecclesie absolutum, mandantes cidcm inter alia sub debito prestiti iuramenti ut per omnes maiores ecclesias loci in quo tantum facinus perpetrauit nudus et discalciatus, braccis duntaxat retentis, corrigia ad collum ligata, uirgas in manibus ferens, si secure poterit incedat, et ante fores ipsarum ecclesiaruin a presbiteris psalm urn penitentialem dicentibus se faciat uerberari, quando maior aderit populi multitude, suum publice confitendo rcatum. Ecclesie autem cujus episcopum interfecit satisfaciat competenter, et si aliquid feudum ab ipsa ecclesia tenaerit uel ins in ea obtinuerit patronatus ipse et eius heredcs illis perpetuo sint priuati. Xos enim ex predict! auctoritate mandati ei penitentiam iniunximtis in hunc modum : ut hoc anno transeat ultra mare per quinquennium in expensis propriis uel alienis in terre sancte subsidio moraturus, et interea nee barbam radat nee capillos tondeat sed hoc sit ei in con- fusiouem et aliis in excmplum : abstineat perpetuo ab esu carnium die qua predictum episcopum interfecit : quarta feria maioris qua- dragesime, qualibet sexta feria, uigiliis omnium festiuitatum bcate Virginis, apostolorum, et quatuor temporibus in pane et aqua, et quarta feria in cibo quad rages imali quamdiu uixerit ieiunabit : abstineat quoque triennio a perceptione dominici corporis nisi in mortis articulo coustitutus: quinquagintauicibus orationem domini- cam cum totidem salutationibus beate Virginis singulis diebus dicat. Quod autem de ciborum et abstinentia et orationibus dictum est uestro uel alterius discreti prelati arbitrio infirmitatis causa in aliud salutare obsequium relinquimus committendum, et si predicta facere contempserit etc. De hi is autem qui secundum quod assent nt licet consenserint ut aliqna inferetur iniuria nunquam tamen in necem ipsius dicto uel facto consilio auxilio uel fane re prestitere consensum, prudentie uestre consulimus ut inquisita diligeutius ueritate circa eos prout iuueneritis in culpa procedatis in pena, seruantes uel reparantes pro qualitate et quantitate reatus formam penitentie suprascripte. 22 XV. DE OCCISORIBUS CLERICORUM. XV. DE OreisouiBus CLERICORUM ABSOLUTIONE COMMISSA PROPTER MULTITCDINEM. Episcopo Legiouensi. Ex litteris quas ucnerandus pater dominns P. Sabineusis episcopus 1 dum in partibus uestris legationis funge- ivtur officio domino pape misit accepimus qnod aliardes, 2 nt corum utanuir uocabulo, et communitas Legionensis apprehenso quodam faciuoroso diacono latrone publico et multis criminibus irrctito ipsum patibulo suspcnderunt, timentes ne si eundem dimississent illesnin illnstris rex Legionensis cnlpam et penain inflisisset eisclcni. Super <jtio ab ipso episcopo absolutions beneficinm petierunt : sed eodem episcopo eos absolnere dubitanto hoe domino pape fideliter nuntiauit, supplicans nt einn o nines non possent propter hoc sedem apo.stolicam nisitare eis prouidere misericorditer dignaremnr. Qna- proptcr de special! ipsius mandato committimus qnatenns illis quos principal iores in inorte dicti diaeoni esse constiterit firmiter iniun- gatis qnod doniini pape conspeetn se presentent. Aliis antem eo quod multitudo est in causa iuxta formain ecclesie in talibus con- snetain absolntionis beneficinm impendatis et diligenter culpa con- siderata ipsonun iniungatis eis penitentiam salntarem preter id qnod debet talibus et consneuit ininngi. DE EODEM. (2). Electo Rothomagensi. Ex confessione R. militis present ium lato- i-is accepimus (jiiod - - sacerdos occidit cins filium et nepotem et adiectionem non aborrens horroris dedit incendio corpora occiso- rum. (^nein presbiterum dum easns ei improiiisus offorret reci- dini doloris angnstia repentinnm monit animum ad uindictam, filii 1 In 1229, Jean d Abbeville, Bishop of Sabina, was papal legate to Spain (Aguirre Collect. Concil. IILspan. V. 84). Possibly he may be the one referred to in the text, and the substitution of P. for J. may be an error of the copyist. 3 Probably aliados. This may perhaps refer to some prototype of the Santa Hermandad, which was founded in Leon and Galicia by the Carta de Valladolid, July 8, 1282, to repress disorders. It spread throughout the kingdom, but soon Ixjcame virtually extinct for a time in the anarchy of the period. Memorial Historico Espaiiol (Madrid, 1851) T. II. pp. G8, 72, 86, 94, 102. Benavides Memorias de don Fernando IV. (Madrid, 1860) T. II. pp. 3, 7. XV. DE OCCISORIBUS CLERICORUM. 23 tamen eius temperata prudentia, dextram uibrantera jam gladium celcri tentione stispcndit. Sed Depotis impetus inconsultus in sacer- dotem predictum prosecutus est mortis periculo et atfectum ulcis- centium et ultionis effectum. Curaque in hi is salubre peteretur remedium, nos auctoritate domini papc filium sub innocentie gratia in premissis, nepotem sub cousuete forma pcnitentic in aliis litteris comprehense duximus remittendos ; patrem ab excommunicationis uinculo absolutum uestre prudcntie eommittentes quatenus consicle- ratis facto ct facti circumstantiis sic satisfactionem uestra circuni- spcctio moderetur quod in isto express! o noluntatis que motiua esse potuit occisoris, sic animaduersione debita castigetur quod ad rigo- rem nimium peua non perferat quern refrenata culpa non produxit ad actum, et siquid in suffragium consilii dolor impaticns attulit moderatoris prouidentia non excludat. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Aurelianensi. Horrenda crudelitas irruentium in scolares usque adeo metara omnis humanitatis exoessit quod dederunt innoxios morti et mortuos flumini destitutes ordinarie debito sepulture. Sane cum casus exitus iusperati unum ex illis clericis ripa reciperet semiuiuum dira dextera J. Alarg. layci pre- sentium portitoris occidit, et ei quern aqua liceutiauerat uite hie inhumanus hujusmodi uiuendi licentiam interdixit. Nuiic oculo.s aperit, nunc culpam agnoscit et quamuis palpebre non precesserint gressus, 1 qui non prouidit uidet post casum. Supplicastis lapsum de lacu miserie opere misericordie releuari. Licet auteni sint culpe in quibus culpa est relaxare uindictam, quia tamen mater ecclesia nou claudit redeuntibus gremium, que peccatoris quereus redditum porrigit tabulam peniteutie naufragis, ipsum recipientem de uostris manibus signum crucis ad uos de special! mandato domini pape duximus remittendum uestre prudentie eommittentes quatenus ipsum ab excommunicatione qua propter hoc tenetur astrictus iuxta formam ecclesie absoluatis, mandautes eidem sub debito prestiti iuramenti ut per omues ecclesias illius loci etc. usque aliis ad terrorem. 2 1 Proverb, iv. 25. 2 This case probably refers to the riot in Orleans, June 11, 1251, when the Pas- toureaux entered the city, and the populace rose against the students and clergy, slaying them or throwing them into the Loire. The bishop escaped by flight, 24 XV. DE OCCISORIBUS CLERICORUM. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo . Litteras uestras quas pro latore presentium ad seclem apostolicam destinastis intellcximus diligcnter quarum tenor excossum eiusdem portitoris expressit. Vt autem ibi moriatur delic- tum ubi scandal urn est exortum, ipsum cum eisdem litteris presen- tibus interclusis ad uos duximus remittendum, auctoritate domini ])apo uestre prtidcntie committentes quatenus postquam oidera - monasterio cuius monachuni occidi nmndauit satisfecerit compctenter, ipsuni iuxta formam occlosic absoluatis, talem eideni nichilomimis pro culpe inodo penitentiam iniungentes quod ei sit ad salutem ct eius transgressio aliis non transeat in exemplum. DE EODKM (5). Kpiscopo Ambiauensi. Maioris ct scabinorum demonstrauit pctitio continens quod ipsi quemdam in latrocinio deprehensum tonsurain et habitum layci deferentem mortis jtidicio condempna- runt. Sane cum ipsi tune eundem esse clericum ignorarent, et idem qui ut dicitur clericali fuerat charactere insignitus suum privilegium neglcxerit allegare, supplicarunt sibi super premissis scdis apostolice misericordia subueniri. Quia nonnunquam in talilws, dura /elus rigorem exagerat et rigor zelum intendit, limes providontie suis finibus non seruatur, auctoritate domini pape etc. usque (|iiatcnus consideratis circumstantiis uniuersis eo moderamine and it is not likely that he was moderate in the imposition of penance upon those who sought reconciliation. Matt. Paris, Hist. Angl. ann. 1251. The violence of the Pastoureanx was directed specially against the clergy, and it is significant of the relations of the Church to the people that this won them general popular favor " L"ni versus autem populus eis favebat, aliqui quia haec tieri et ad bonum finem proventura sperabant, plurimi autem et pene universi quia de prosecutione clericorum gaudebant." Bernard! Guidonis Flor. Chroni- corum (Bouquet, XXI. 697). The decision in this case was milder than that pronounced in 1134 by Inno cent II. on the slayers of Arehambaut, a subdeacon of Orleans. The leader in the murder, (jeoHroi de Villeneuve, appeared before the pope at Pisa with the relatives of the slain. He swore to pay homage liege to them and to procure his accomplices, with a hundred knights and a hundred and forty of the principal burghers of Orleans to do the same. The murderers were to satisfy the relatives and the church of Orleans and to appear before the pope at next All-Saints to receive the penance which he should impose on them. Innocent. PP. II Kpint. CL. (Migne s Patrologia, T. CLXXIX. p. 193). XV. DE OCCISORIBUS CLERICORUM. 25 utamini circa premisses ut penitentia cautela remediurn aiferat ot penam non inferat quam iguorantia non merctur. 1 1 The above and other cases (xv. 1 ; CLXXII. 8, 9) illustrate some of the diffi culties thrown in the way of the repression of crime by the exemption from secular law enjoyed by the clergy. The extent to which this- crippled the enforcement of criminal justice, to the postponement of established peace and order in European society, is well set forth in the complaints laid in 1329 by Philippe de Valois before the prelates of France whom he had assembled fo~r the purpose. I xxm. Item ad finem quod dicta curia ecclesiastica augmentetur, dicti pnelati faciunt magnam multitudinem tonsimirum pueris atate minoribus, quorum aliqui sunt servorum filii, alii de illegitimo matrinionio procreati, ac hominibus conjugatis insufficientibus et illiteratis. "xxix. Item si aliquis malefactor capiatur per aliquem justitiarium regium saisitus de furto suo, et ille cui res est furata veniat coram gentibus regiis et pro- bet rein hujusmodi furtivam suam esse, et ideo expediatur eidem per gentes regias, si ex post facto dicant prselati vel eorum officiarii malefactorem esse clericum ipsi faciunt compelli per monitiones et citationes suas pnedictas gentes regias ad restituendum eis rem furtivam ; quod nisi fecerint, exconimunicantur. "xxx. Item si contingat quod gentes regije capiant aliquem malefactorem pro crimine certo per eum commisso, et idem malefactor dicat se clericum esse, licet nee tonsuram nee habitum deferat clericales, officials pnelatorum faciunt incontinent! detinentes et capientes compelli per monitiones et sententias ad resti- tuendum sibi prsedictum malefactorem tanquam clericum suum. "xxxi. Item si gentes regis vel alii justitiarii sreculares ceperunt aliquem malefactorem latronem vel etiam homicidam qui tonsuram deferat clericalem, eumque restituant prselatis, idem malefactor satis cito postmodum expeditur licet cognoverit crimen .... et sic tales malefactores ad talia maleficia perpetranda facilius excitantur. " xxxm. Item si quis pro delicto suo detineatur in carcere alicujus judicis ssecularis, licet captus fuerit in habitu laicali et sine tonsura, et quod gesserit se antea per totam vitam tanquam laicus, pro hoc solum quod advovabit se pro clerico, quia meliorem expeditionem habebit a piwlato et officiariis quam per sseculares et delictum remanebit impunitum, dicti officiarii faciunt moneri judicem ssecularem ut cito malefactorem restituat eis atque reddat, alioquin cessabitur eis incontinent! per totam villam ubi sic captus tenebitur malefactor. " xxxiv. Item quando aliquis malefactor redditur judicibus ecclesire per indices saeculares tanquam clericus, amici ipsius malefactoris veniunt ad officiates prsela- torum et concordant cum eis, et sic dimittunt sine punitione ire et sic pejora com- mittunt quam ante, licet crimina essent notoria." Mag. Petri de Cugneriis Liber (Maxima Biblioth. Patrum. Colon. Agripp. 1618, T. XIV. pp. 78-9). That these complaints were not exaggerated, and that these abuses continued to flourish unchecked is amply proved by the Registre criminel du Chateletde Pans, 1389-1392 (Paris, 1861). In process of time, however, as the modern monarchies arose, the royal jurisdiction commenced to interfere with these immunities, lead ing the Council of Trent to assert that no ecclesiastic should be withdrawn from the jurisdiction of his bishop under pretence of any custom or agreement (C. 3 26 XVI. DE COMBUSTIOXI CLERIC1. DE EODEM. (6). Claustraliuru horrenda crudelitas seiiicntium in seipsos usque adeo in monasterio tiestro metam orauis humanitatis excessit quod latores presentium discipline iugo deiecto in ccclcsic deca- num manus sacrilegas extenderunt. Licet autem sint culpc in qui- bus ctilpa est rolaxare uindictam, quia tanien mater ecclesia uon clandit redeuntibus premium, que peccatoris [querens] redditum porrigit tabulam penitentie naufragis, nos prefatis consueto absolu- tionis beneficio iuxta formam ecclesie prouidentes, ipsos a suorum ordinum executionc suspenses ad uos de speciali domini pape man date duximus remittendos, uestre prudentie committentes quatenus considerata culpa ipsorum talem eis penitentiam iuiungatis iuxta ordiuis disciplinara quod eis sit ad salutem et ceteris ad terrorem. XVI. DH II I IS tjUl IXTKRSUNT CoMBUSTIONI \_sic] ALICUIUS SCKLKRATI CLERICI. Abbati de Orta, Premunstratensis ordinis. Porrecta nobis ex parte ucstra petitio continebat (jiiod cum J> (juondam uester conuersus Trident. Sess. xiv. De Reform, e. 4). To maintain this and other immunities I rban VIII. in ir,> established a special Congregation of Cardinals whose decisions show that the Church still upholds its old claims Causa? tarn civiles quam criminates contra clericos conjugates et c<clibes spec- tant ad curiam ecclesiasticam privative." "In causa clerici vulnerantis laicum curia sarularis omnino abstineat." Ricci, Synopsis, Decreta et Kesolutiones Sacr. ( ongr. Immunitatis, s. v. Causarum cognitio n. 2, "21. In fact Pius IX. declared this to be an ordinance of God himself " Ecclesije et personarum immunitatem, Dei ordinatione et canonicis sanctionibus constitu- tam " i Litt. Apostol. Multiplices inter, 10 Jun. 1851). It is consequently an article of faith. As the Congregation of Immunities expresses it, " Les saints canons defendent a tout laique d exercer un acte quelconque de juridiction, merne deleguee par le juge competent, contre les clercs qui jouissent du privilege du for" (Decrets de la sainte Congregation de I lmmunite, Paris, 1SOS, p. 4(50). So far is this car ried that in a well-ordered state a secular judge has no power to summon an ecclesiastic to his court as a witness without a special faculty granted by pope or bishop. Sometimes, before the unification of Italy, these faculties were granted for a single important trial, sometimes for six months, and sometimes for a year, but the clerical witness was required to make a protest. (Ib. pp. 442, 449, 452, 450, 459 etc). XVII. DE ABSOLUTIONE PRETER STILUM. 27 immo perucrsus nefario coitu prout nota publicabat infamia pecoribus se commisccns omnibus qui habitant in partibus illis pectora tanto rancore inuoluerat quod a lacticiniis de quibtis ibi precipue uiuitur abstinebant. Homines loci conuersum eundem ad foueam ubi tales uiui iuxta legem patrie sepeliuntur adduxerunt non intendentes ipsum in persona ledere sed ab eo dumtaxat per huismodi terrorem elicere ad (quorum accesserat pecora tieritate ut reliquorum lacte sine abhominatiouis opprobrio uescereutur. Quo, inter alia euormia que de carnis lubrico coufitebatur, cum equa se commisisse dicente, populus terre qui adherant horreudi sccleris cnormitatc turbati, tradiderunt eum uiuura bestiali cum bestia quam polluerit sepul ture, 1 ut sepeliretur facti memoria cum sepultis uel si superuiueret aliquibus haberet superstitem uita pene [sic]. Sane immanitas criminis promittebat quodammodo meritum in uindicta, et in hominem iurisdictionis alterius mauum utcunque licentians ultioni eum cuiuslibet iudicio uidebatur exponere qui per inuaturalis abusus iniuriam nil seruauerat de iurc nature. Super quo cum multi tude maxima sit in culpa eorum prouidcri saluti per sedem apos- tolicam petiistis. Quia uero ne multorum st rages iacet seueritati est aliquid subtrahendum, discretion! uestre etc. quatenus eis super casu premisso absolutionis beneficium iuxta formam ecclesie im- pendeutes iniungatis cuilibet pro culpe modo peniteutiam com- petentem et alia que decent talibus ct consueuerunt iniungi, teni- perantes modificatione rigorem prout excessus precedentis acerbitas ulciscentium prouocauit offeusas. XVII. DE ABSOLUTIOXE OBTENTA PRETER STILUM CURIE SUPER OCCISIOXE CLERICORUM. Episcopo Cenomaueusi. Latere uos nolumus quod si aliquis occidat clericum uel prelatum et ucniat ad curiam absolueudus licet ab excommunicatione post multam install tiam absoluatur penitentiam tamen expressam ibi uoii recipit, sed ad prelatum 1 The ancient rule was that a beast thus polluted should be killed and its flesh thrown to the dogs. Poenitent. Theodor. n. xj. \ 9. Prenitent. Cummeani, I. $ 28. (Wasserschleben, Bussordnungen, pp. 212, 467). 28 XVIII. DE CLERICO QUI MUTILATUR. remittitur qui dc facto et facti circumstantiis potest habere noti- tiani pleniorem, ut formata penitentia pro qualitatc rcatus, ibi pcne debitum soluat ubi culpam noscitur pcrtraxisse. Uiule si qui priorem suum dicitur occidisse pretendat litteras liiis que pre- missimus non conformes ucstra circumspectio colligat illas ab official ibus apud sedem apostolicam officio penitentie deputatis minimo processisse. 1 XVIII. DE CLERICO VEL REGULAR! QUI MUTILATUR SINE CULPA SUA. Abbati . Impudici senis libidinem et honesti continen- tiam iuuenis ex serie litterarum quas domino pape misistis notantes, intelleximus (jiiod dum ultra metam etatis furcret motus in sene tutele moderamen in iuuene uis defeusionis excessit, aggressori uasis seininariis aniputatis. Cum autein sen! sit inedici cura prouisura, petistis et iuueni dispensationis gratia subucniri. Nos autem dis- cretioni uestre auctoritate domini pape mandamus ut hostis nature ac usus falsarius naturalis qui fratris pudicitiam in ecclesia attenta- bat in monasterio artioris obseruantie retrudatur uindicte daturas exemplar, ne transgressio trauseat in exemplum. Sane circa iuue- nem qui etsi defeusor pudicitie fuerit ultionis tamen excessor ex- titisse uidetur, sie moderamini prouisio[uis] arbitrium ut defen- sionis excessui satisfactio omnino non desit, et rigor penitentie lil>ere contradictionis audaciam non compesrat. Si igitur aliud canouicum nou obsistat, dispensationis ianuam apcriatis eidem ut secundum quod expedire uideritis in ordinibus iam susceptis et in suscipiendis dispendium non incurrat. Ilium autem mona- clium infronitum qui turpi uerborum lasciuia seni de iuuene infamis patientie dicitur pretendisse arte penitentie uolumus esse participem quern abhominabilis culpe credimus nou expertem. 1 This is in contradiction with No. xiv. above, and with the older custom of the curia. Alexander II. had no hesitation in prescribing all the details of penance in such cases when submitted to him. See I von. Carnotens. Deer. P. x. c. 14, 16. In the latter of these a man who had killed a priest attacking him with arms is sen tenced to ten years penance, during seven of which he is excluded from commu nion and entrance to a church. By the thirteenth century however the severity of penance had been greatly relaxed. XVIII. DE CLERICO QUI MUTILATUR. 29 DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo . G. sororis A. diaconi et W. acoliti presen- tium portitorum subdiaconns quidam uiolentus aggressor florem pudicitie attemptauit et iuri uirginitatis iniurians claustra pudoris infregit. Cunque fratrum animos recentis cloloris urgeret aculeus et inconsultus calor acce[n]derefc ultionis, adiunctis sibi duobus fratribus quos ipsis et dolor et caro couiuuxerant sic sunt aggresso- rem aggressi quod uirium suarura suffragium ad uindictam nianum imbecillem sororis armauit, que lesi pudoris iniuriam proscquens, impudentem insiluit, illis abscissis quos iniuriosus habuerat sui libidinis incentores. Sane cum illi sit mcdici cura subuentum, supplicarunt humiliter isti sibi circa ordinum susccptionem sacro- rum dispensationis subsidio subueniri ut causa commotionis pro- babilis sic casura huiusmodi culpe subiciat, quod miscricordie re- medium non excludat. Nos autem de speciali mandato domini pape paternitati uestre committimus quatenus iniuncta prefatis A. et W. penifentia competenti, tandem si eis et uite meritum et fame testimonium sufFragabitur aliudque canonicum non obsistat, cum expedire uideritis, ipsos fratres petitis [s/c] ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo - . Habet assertio latoris presentium quod olim dum matris penderct ab ubere, nutricis incuria dubio rclictus euouttii, rapidi suis aggressui patuit, et corporis partes inferiorcs aniisit, in ilium incideus circa pudenda pudorcm quod in ipso inferior regio femine coniecturam non habet qtiam natura uon dedit et uiri pro- bationem non exhibet quara casus ademit. Cum autem prefatus religioni desiderium applicet, cui eum adoptiorem fecit euentus, auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus super hoc eiusdem proposito prestet obtatum manus uestra subsidium et ad ordiues sacros ascendendi si aliud canonicum non obsistat tribuat beuigua liceutia facultatem. DE EODEM. (4). Archiepiscopo Treuirensi. Habet hoc casus W. presbiteri latoris presentium quod ei de genitalibus alterum uiri inimica precidit et reliquum manus medici uon dimisit, et sic in illo iniuriam et in 30 XIX. DE CLERICO QUI MUTILATUR. isto curam deplorans, hurniliter pctiit sibi super executione officii apostolice sedis prouidentia subueniri. Quia uero in talibus im- l)etus aliene malitie uel casus ingruentia repent in i ant ueccssarie curationis utilitas quoad susceptuni officlum afferre uon consueuit obstaculum, prouidentie uestre etc. quatenus si prefatis sacerdotis assertio suftragio ueritatis inuititur et aliud canon icum nou obsistat, ipsius desiderium ad exauditionis gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (5). Episcopo Baioccusi. U. presbiteri latoris preseutium coufessio oontiuebat quod ipso quodani die solo existente in domo, quidain Dei timore postposito irrueutes in ipsum nulla culpa sua penitus precedente uasa seminaria ei ausu sacrilege amptitarunt, ipsuni iurare nichilomiuus facientes quod ipsos de lioc apud aliquos uullatenus accusaret. Propter quod idem presbiter absque sedis apostolice licentia speeiali uoluit in sacerdotali ordinc ministrare. Super quo supplicat sibi misericord iter prouideri. Xos autem auctoritate domini pape etc. (juatenus si dictis ueritas suffragabitur prefatum presbiterum si aliud canonicum nou obsistat in executione receptoruin ordiuum dimittatis, ne penam quain culpa non raeruit ex iniuria sentiat uioleutie alieue. XIX. DE CLERICO QUI CASU FORTUITU MUTILATUR. Episcopo . Ex parte capituli Vimarieusis 1 ecclesie fuit pro- positum coram nobis quod presbiter canonicus casual itermorsu equi digiti parteni amisit, propter quod a celebratione misse reue- renter abstinuit, licet eundem digitum libere coutrahat et extendat. Super (JUG supplicauit idem capitulum predicto presbitero cui sicut asseritur et uite laudabilis et euideutis conuersationis testimonium suffragatur, dispensationis gratiam prouideri. De uestra itaque dis- cretioue plenam in domino fiduciam obtinentes auctoritate domini pape etc. (juatenus si dictus presbiter tantum de digito non amisit quod impedimentum prestet officio et inducat propterea scandalum 1 Guimaraens, in Portugal. XX. DE MUTILATIONS. XXI. DE FURIS SIGNATIONE. 31 cum ipso in executione sacerdotalis officii dispensetis. Alioquin ea penitus intcrdicta permittatis eimdem in aliis ordinibus si aliud iion obuiet ministrare. XX. DE EO QUI INTERFUIT MUTILATION! ALICUIUS CLERICI ET NON FUIT IN GULP A. Abbati . B. monachus lator presentium nobis liumili confessione monstrauit quod olim captioni cuiusdam latronis inter- fuit etduni exerto gladio qtiendam de sotiis idem latro ledere intemp- taret dictus B. ut couatus eius elideret claua percussit oundcm, nee ex percussione huiusmodi fuit seeuta lesio difficilis aut enonnis. Sane iidem quos illius temeritas prouocauerat ad ledendum iu penam culpe ipsum lumine priuauerunt, codem monaclio in erui- tionem oculorum ipsius uon dante opem aut operam, cousilium uel fauorem. Super quibus petiit sibi etc. Xos autem etc. quatenus prefato B de percussione tali iniuncta penitentia competenti super aliis si particeps uou sit in culpa exp^rs scruetnr a pcna. XXI. DE EO QUI PRECIPIT FUREM SIGN ART. Archiepiscopo Remeusi. Cum infra Remeusem ecclesiam quidani deprehenderetur in fnrto et tliesaurarius Remeusis, pront scriptum contiuebat eiusdem, ut a similibns arceret consimiles in depre- liensionis meinoriam iussit etim aliqno siguo uotari. Sane con- siderans quod nou uidebatur hoc clerici nisus est reuocare, sed ministrorum celeritas reuocatiouis anticipauit eifectum, auricula eius partis abscissione siguata. Super quo sibi petiit apostulice sedis prouidentia subueniri. Xos autem prudeutie uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quateuus inquisitis etc. us(jue obsistat, non reputetis emu propter hoc irregularitatis impedimeiito teneri. 32 XXII. DE MUTILATIONE. XXIII. DE IXCITATIOXE. XXII. DE EG QUI MUTILAT AlJQUEM ET XON POTEST VENIRE AD CURIAM. Episcopo Aquensi. Gaufridi Sicardi layci tiestre diocesis trans- missa petitio continebat quod cum B. sororis sue presbiter quidam florem pudicitic attemptasset ct iuri uirginitatis iniurians claustra pudoris temere infregisset, R. frater suns maior natu adiunctis sibi quibnsdam aliis dictum cepit presbiterum ct eo presente, non tamen opcm aut opcram impendente quamuis ipsius aninmm comrauuis doloris nrgeret acnlcns, in pudenda illius impudentis insiluit, ill is abscissis quos ininriosns habucrat sue libidinis incentores. Sane cum illi sit mcdici cura subuentum et dictns G. sicut acccpimus proptcr nimie paupertatis incommoda nou possit ad apostolicam scdem accedcre absolnendus petitum est humilitcrei super premissis de ipsius misericordia subueuiri. Nos antera prudentie uestre etc- qimtenus si est ita prefatum - - postquam iniuriam passo satis- fecerit competenter, inxta formam ecclesie absoluatis et ininncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competent! mandetis eidem sub debito iuramenti ut cum ad fortunam pinguiorem deuenerit domini pape uel eius legati conspectui se presentet. XXIII. DE EO cjui IXCITAT ALKJUEM AD Vix DICTA M. Episcopo Clonarclensi 1 . Ex parte tua porrecta domino papc petitio continebat quod cum olim quidara malefactor ob culpam suam capital! sententia morti addictus, ad locum quo debebat plecti capite duceretur, tu simplex clericus tune existens, uiso quod quidam de astautibus nolebat alios seqni, quibus puniendi male- factorem erat cxecutio demandata, uirga quam manu gestabas ad hoc eundem excitare curasti, dicens tu non uis alios sequi, qui licet seruientes alios fuerit in hoc facto secutus, quid tamen per eum circa uindictam raalefactoris actus fuerit te asseris ignorare. Super 1 This episcopate may be either that of Cloyne, in the province of Cashel, or of Clonfert in that of Tuam, or Cluan in that of Armagh. XXIV. DE EIS QUI INTERSUNT HOMICIDIIS. 33 quo cum postmodum inmemor predictorum proraotus fueris in episcopum supplicasti a sede apostolica salutari tibi consilio proui- deri. Nos autem de special! mandate domini pape tibi rescribimus quatenus consideratis ipsius facti circumstantiis diligenter, si scis uel probabiliter credis seruientem ilium quern excitasti propter uerbum tuum cum aliis ad mortem condempnati iuisse, consulas anime tue cessatione sacrorum et remedio cession is. Alioquin con- scientiam deponeus erroneam in tuis ministres ordinibus si aliud canonicum nou obsistat. XXIV. DE EIS QUI IXTERSUNT HOMICIDIIS XOX DAXTES CONSILIUM YEL OPEM OCCIDEXTIBUS. Archiepiscopo Seuoneusi. Latoris presentium petitio continebat quod olim quidam presbiter una die adulterio ac homicidio perpe- tratis in quadam ecclesia ut furorem insequentium et mortis uita- ret periculum se recepit, quam populi multitudo iudicis mandate circumdans, ianuis ecclesie fractis, prefatuni presbitcrum admotum extra ecclesiam occiderimt, eodem qui coactns ad locum accesserat contradicente ac penitus inhibente. Veruni cum ignoret utrum uos in illos omnes qui tune accesserunt ad locum excomnm- nicationis sententiam tulissetis et patratores comraissi scclcris de- nunciaretis canonis sententie subiacere, ac ipse nou crcdat in canoncm incidisse qui animum ledeudi non habuit, sed potius liberandi, sup- plicauit etc. Quia uero etc. usque si dicta ueritate nitantur non reputetis eundem cauonis excommunicatione ligatum. Quod si ex accessu premisso dumtaxat ipsum sententia uestra ligauit eundem iuxta formam ecclesie absoluatis, si eum culpabilem in premissis prout excessus exegerit processuri. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati . Pro W. mouacho monasterii uestri fuit proposi- tum coram nobis quod ipse olim infra discretionis annos existens itiit uisurus quosdam mortifici, in quorum mortem non dedit opem uel operam, dicto uel facto, consilio uel fauore. "Verum ne per aliquem contingat sibi ex hoc irregularitatis scrupulum obiici, supplicauit 34 XXIV. DE EIS QUI INTERSUNT HOMICIDIIS. humiliter simplicitati sue per sedis apostolice clenieutiani subueuiri. Quia uero nobis non constitit de premissis discretion! uestre etc. quatenus si dicta ueritate nitantur non reputetis eum propter pre- inissa irregularitatis uota teneri. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati - . R. monachus mouastcrii uestri lator presentium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod cum ipse cum alio quo- dam monacho de mandate uestro in quudam obedientia moraretur, accidit quod inter qtiosdam homines eiusdem loci discordia est su- borta, et dum ad eum tanquam ad dominum terre quercla depoueretur idem ad domum illius de (]iio querela posita fuerat coram eo ad hoc ut iustitiam faceret conquerenti accessit, sed in cum irruens ipsum interficerecouabatur, ct dum ipse monachus clamaret, utsuis utamur uocabulis, Tenete eum quia in me manus iniecit uiolentas, quidam seruiens monachorum ut liberaret eundem, ipso nescieute ueque uolente, memoratum percussorem occidit. Super quo sedis apos tolice clcmcntiam adiit etc. usque non teneri. DE EODEM. (4). Abbati L. monachi uestri latoris presentium pctitio coutinebat quod cum quidam fur subripuerit bones suos [#/<.] dum adhuc seculi anplectereturaffectum et ipse ad auxilium conuocauerit et uicinos ut quod .solus non poterat multiplicatis adiutoribus obtineret, retractis a fure subtractis, protestatione premissa comitantibus quod recuperatis suis aliud non pro.sequeretur in eo (juern sequebatur, ad propria rediit, fure iam dicto sotiornm persecutione perempto. Quia uero nobis non constitit de premissis circumspection i uestre etc. quatenus si premissis ueritas siiffragabitur aliudque canonicum non obsistat ex hiis <jue precedentia continent denuncietis eundem monachum irregularitatis macula non respersum. DE EODEM. (5). Episcopo - . 11. presbiter proposuit coram nobis quod cum fratres suos prouocasset in quemdam qui sibi iuiurias irrogauerat, et iidem fratres domum iniuriantis adierint ut ipsius iuiurias uindi- carent, idem presbiter prouocationis huiusmodi peniteus ante hostium XXIV. DE EIS QUI INTERSUXT HOMICIDIIS. 35 domus illius se fratribus suis opposuit ct ne adulatione [ad uiolen- tiam?] procederent interdixit. Verum dum ille per aliud hostiuni domus effugeret et iam dicti fratres insequerentur eundem, quidani alius a fratribus inimicus illius ex insperato aduenit et quasi sub aliene umbra porte prorumpens facilius ad otfensum, quodaru ferreo instrumento percussit tibiam fugieutis et licet uulnus nulla mortis signa preteuderet super ueuiente tamen alterius infirmitatis angustia, percussus spiritum exbalauit. Super quo humiliter petiit salutare sibi consilium impertiri. Quia uero de facto et facti circu Distant! is etc. usque non teneri. DE EODEM. (6). Episcopo Legionensi. Ex tenore littcrarum uestrarum accepimus quod cum apud abbatiam saucti Matthei dc finibus terrarum uestre diocesis positam iuxta mare de diuersis mundi partibus multa ua- uigia confluant et ibidem mare turbato quiescant, frequenter eadem abbatia per marines latrunculos tarn in personis hominum quam in combustione domorum etaliarum rerum amissione patitur detrimen- tum. Sane cum die quadam pirate de nauigiis egress! uillam quan- dam eiusdem abbatie hostiliter iuuadentes non parcerent personis hominum ueque rebus, R. J. ac quidani alii predicte abbatie monachi ad clamores et strepitum currentes homines ipsius uille ut locum et incolas pcrsonas et bona a periculo defenderent imminent! solicita- runt prout licite credebant, hoc intellecto ut non inferrent iniu- riam sed potius propulsarent. Contigit autom <juod dc irruentibus unus interiit, ad cuius interitum predict! monachi non dederunt opem uel operani, cousilio nel facto. Quia ucro de facto ct facti circumstantiis etc. usque quatenus si est ita prefhtos monachos in executioue debita suomm ordiuum dimittatis dummodo scandalum etc. DE EODEM. (7). Archiepiscopo Raueunatensi. Intellectis litteris uestris quas apud sedem apostolicam pro R. presbitero latore presentium destinastis et eius confessione diligenter audita auctoritate domini pape ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum paternitati uestre iutimantes quatenus cum de morte illius hominis quern littere uestre continent, ad caute- lam presentibus intercluse, idem presbiter non sit certus uec inde habeat probabiliter conscientiam remordentem. Si aliud canonicum non obsistat ipsum permittatis in suis ordiuibus libere miuistrare. 36 XXV. DE HOMICIDIO CASUALI. XXV. DE HOMICIDIO CASUALI. Episcopo Pampilouensi. - latoris presentium petitio con- tinebat quod cum debilis dc Iccto egretudiuis surrexisset et ad re- crcationis rem odium spatia camporum appetcrct eqimni commoda- tum ascendit cuius uitium ignorabat. Cunque ille bucca durns male parens abenis dccliuaret in dcuium, euni ccpit urgere calcaribus ut ad comitatum reduccret aliorum et ad gressum flccteret ordina- tuin. At ille preter sessoris arbitrium raptus incursum quendam pm-rum (juein obuium habuit interemit. Vcrum cum iu ecclesia Pampilouensi a longo tempore professus fucrit ordinem regulareni, supplicauit a scdc apostolica super premissis salutari sibi consilio prouideri. Quia uobi.s do facto ct facti circtimstautiis etc. quatcDiis si c.st ita iiiiungatis prcfato canonico pcnitentiam coinpetcntem, <iua peracta si aliud cauonicuiu noil obsistat nun i raped iatis cum quoraiuus in susccptis onlinibus iniuistrare ct ad onmes alios ualcat proraoueri. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati - . Ex tciiore litterarum uestrarum et confcssione monachi ucstri latoris preseutium acccpimus qnod cum ipse cuidani inscdissct ronciuo -upcr (|iiendam laycum ab alio iuimico suo uulneratum ad mortem, <jui sibi multas iuiurias irrogarat, fecit transitum cum ronoino, nesciens tamen utrum roncinum cura leserit, attcudcus [x/c], (jui infra octo dierum spatium ex inflictis sibi uulneribus expirauit. Yerum cum ipse super hoc uelit sue saluti consulere atijuc fame, a nobis salutare consilium postulauit. Nos autem cjuia uobis pleue constare non potuit de premissis, et cause dubic non possunt certo iudicio terminari, prudentie uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus (juatenus iiKjiiisita super liiis diligentius ueritate, si uobis constiterit dictum mouachum huius homicidii in aliquo esse rcum, iniuncta sibi penitentia competent! ipsum ab executione sacrorura ordinum perpetuo suspendatis, alioquin }>ene non extendatur acerbitas ultra <juam culpe iu- ueniatur excessus. XXV. DE HOMICIDIO CASUALI. 37 DE EODEM. (3). Archiepiscopo Maguntino. Presbiteri latoris preseutiuni petitio coutincbat quod cum quidam miles node tyranuidis cuaginato gladio ipsum impeteret et iam illato capiti uuluere ad eius exci- dium niteretur idem nolens intcmptate mortis dedinare periculum impetentem conuexis brachiis tcnuit, ut seuientis impetus tcneretur, sed dum ille conceptum iniquitatis propositum ualidioribus uellet motibus prosequi casus inopinatus in ipsiun sui conatus conuertit eueutum, cum se in canipulum qtiendam impegerit quern dictus - uon in lesionis affectum sed in aptationem cuiusdam baculi manu tenebat. Yulnus autcm tali culpa susceptuni quod medici cura facile poterat in spem proferre salutis, lesi ncgligentia in mortis exitum est protractuin, quod prcfatus - - ad examinationem sedis apostolice pertulit, ut et peccato uenia uon deesset et error scrupulum conscientie uon afferret. Quia uero non plus debet extend! uindicta quam inueniatur in excedente delictum, auctori- tate domini pape committimus ut si ])redictis ueritas suffragattir aliudque canonicum non obsistat non reputetis euudem in casu premisso irregularitatis maculam iucurrisse. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo . J. subdiaconi latoris presentium humilis nobis confessio monstrabat quod cum ipsum quidam homines uerberasseut consanguine! eius egre plurimum hoc ferentes, eo peuitus ignoraute, quendam ex predictis hominibus percusserunt, et licet curam uul- ueris acceperit fueritque abile ad salutem, superueniente iufirmitate alia, infra mensis uuius spatium expiratiit. Super quo aninie sue salutare consilium postulauit. Quia uero de facto et facti circum- stantiis uos habere potestis uotitiam pleniorem, auctoritate domiui pape etc. quatenus inquisitis super hiis que fuerint iuquirenda, si dicto uel facto, ope uel cousilio dictum ream homicidii solici- tudo uestra repererit uel alias hoc probabiliter reuocetur in dubiuni, cum in huiusmodi dubiis uia sit eligenda timoris et tutius sit sub securitate timere quam sub timore presumere, ipsum ab executi- one subdiaconatus ordinis perpetuo suspendatis, iniuncta ei peui- teutia salutari. Alioquin cum culpa suos debeat tenere actores, nee ultra sit extendenda uindicta quam inueniatur in excedeute delictum, 38 XXV. DE HOMICIDIO CASUALI. eundeni si aliucl canonicum non obsistat in debita sui executione officii dimittatis, uel sic nou permittatis eidem, alio non obstante canonico in susceptis et suscipiendis ordinibus dispendium difficul- tatis opponi. DE EODEM. (5). Episcopo - . Latoris presentium confessiocontinebat quod cum uaecam iudoinitam et uoxiam pluries in capite securi percusserit y prius inspecto quod inillus circunstabat de quo probabiliter timere deberet ut incurreret lesionem, ipsa incerto casu et uago circuitu in pueruni non prouisum uas aque bullientis plenum euertit, qui spiri- tuiii exalauit. Super quo petiit idem presbiter sibi apostolicc sedis misericordia prouideri. Quia uero de facto et facti circumstantiis etc. quateiius iuquisita super hiis diligeutius ueritatc, si dictus - in prcmissis adhibuit cautelam quam debuit, scandalo non obstante, non roputetis euudem ob casum huiusmodi irregularitatis impedimento tcneri. DE EODEM. (G). Episcopo Pampilonensi. G. Fortanni, fratcr Hospitalis Rosa- deualle, ordinis sancti Augustini, lator presentium, proposuit coram nobis <piod ipse olim militaribus armis so exercens in seculo obsi- dionil)iis qiiorundam castrorum interfuit ubi plures dicuntur occisi, ipse tamen aliquos uou percussit, quiuimmo ad id non dedit opem ucl o})eram cousilium uel fauorem. Verum cum ad frugeni melioris uite transiuerit et abstrictus obseruautie regulari, ad ordinem se fecit promoueri. Xos autem etc. quatenus si est ita prefato G. iniuncta penitentia ad cautelam debite promotionis licentiam alio non ob stante canonico uon negetis. DE EODEM. (7). Episcopo . Lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod cum ipsum et quendam laycum ludendi atfectio coustringeret ad complexum ambo in concauum locum corruerunt iucaute, sed qui- dam accurrens per errorem esse credeus odii causam in casu, manu quam in subsidium layci intendebat affectus in illius lesionem casu- alis retorsit effect us, morte manum uon casum subsecuta. Super quo non conscientie prouideri petebat sed fame, que facile corruption! subiicitur dum detractione mordetur. Quia uero de facto et facti XXV. DE HOMICIDIO CASUALI. 39 circumstantiis etc. quatenus si premissis ueritas sufFragatur non reputetis enndem propter premissa irregularitatis impedimento teneri. DE EODEM. (8). Abbati . Ex tenore litteraruni ucstrarum ct confessione monachi uestri prcsentium latoris accepimus quod dum intenderet in quendamde sotiis inmittere lapidem, emissus lapis dilapsus in aliuni inexcogitanti capud elisit, et demum salutis percepto rcinedio nou remaneute uestigio lesionis, alterius egritudinis causa ei superuenit ad mortem. Super quo non conscientie etc. ut supra. DE EODEM. (9). Archidiacono Lucanensi. Lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod eo ad nuces lapides iaciente in dorso lesus cst comes itineris casu lapidis casuali, et demum salutis remedio non rema nente uestigio lesionis peregrina egritudo ei superuenit ad mortem. Super quo ID on conscientie etc. ut supra, DE EODEM. (10). Arcbiepiscopo Rothomagensi. Honorii presbiteri latoris pre- sentium petitio continebat quod quidam laycus emu fugieutem a facie prosequentis cultello percusserit : ipse ut insequentis retardaret instantiam canipulum exeruit ad terrorem nichil gerens in animo quod ingereret causam mortis. Verum dum persecutoris impetus, quern nimia laxauerat ebrietas, temperantie non haberot abeuas, idem laycus in extentum canipulum, absque uoluntate teneutis, capud allisit incautus et sic milnus protulit, uulnus infereus et mortem in alium in seipsum incidenti casu reflexit. Super quo non conscientie prouideri petebat sed fame, etc. ut supra. DE EODEM. (11). Episcopo Xantonensi. W. subdiaconi latoris presentium pro- positio continebat quod dum intenderet mulierem quandam dicen- tem sibi conuitia quodam baculo uerberare baculus dilapsus filiam mulieris eiusdem in capite uuliierauit, et licet eadem de huiusmodi uuluere plene salutis percepisset remedium, alterius tamen egritu- 40 XXV. DE HOMICIDIO CASUALI. dinis causa ei superueuit ad mortem. Super quo non conscience quani fame proponebat etc. ut supra. DE .EODEM. (12). Abbati . Ubertus acolitus mouachus monasterii uestri pro- posuit coram nobis quod cum idem ductus auime leuitate sagittam emitteret ])iierum quondam in capite lesit fortuito casu. Sane cum plene salutis remedio nou remancrct ucstigium lesionis coutigit quod idem puer in aliam egritudiuem iucidit et eo pristine restitute saluti alia superuenit ad mortem. Super quo non conscience etc. ut supra. DE EODEM. (13). Episcopo - . B. pauper presbiter lator j)rcseutiiun htimili uobis coufessione monstrauit quod ipse oliin ratione custodie quaiu in ccclesia saucte Marie de - habebat quendaru laycum qui quibusdam canouicis ipsius ecclesie iniuriosus existerat in carcerem ducere niteretur ille reniteus eiusdem uestimenta presbiteri lacerauit, propter quod idem presbiter ira commotus ilium j)rimo alapa ac delude prostrauit ad terrain [et] pede percussit. Tandem aduenieus homiuum multitudo fere per unum miliare iacentem in terram traxorunt, qui ex infiictis sibi uulneribus et iniuriis sequent! uocte spirituni exalauit. Super quo predictus presbiter apostolice sedis clementiam adiit anime sue salutare cousilium petiturus etc. usque non permittatis eidem si aliud canonicum non obsistat circa sui executionem officii ab aliquo etc. DE EODEM. (14). Abbati - . Ex tenore littcrariun uestrarum et confessione E. monachi uestri presentium latoris accepimus quod cum quidam prior sotius suus uerberibus diris ipsum affligeret ac eius digitum coustriugerct dentibus, ipse dum uim ui legitima defeusione re- pellerct, non infercus iniuriam sed propulsans, sauguis de naribus predict! prioris emuxit, ])ropter quod uos prephatum mouachum amouentes, ipsum, occasione cuiusdam coustitutionis edite contra monachos eiusdem monasterii percussores iuramento firmate, re- ci]>ere denegatis. Super quo prephatus monachus supplicauit etc. Quia uero nou credimus ad illos uim predicte constitutionis extendi, XXV. DE HOMICIDIO CASUALI. 41 qui sernato moderamine inculpate tutele ad defensionis remedium manus reperctissionis opponunt, predictum monachura potestis re- cipere absque transgressione sic prestiti iuramenti. DE EODEM. (15). Abbati - . Ex tenore littcrarum uestrarum acccpiinus quod cum - - lator prcsentium olim amota quadam pertica que ingredientes et egredientes ecdesiam offendebat earn sub uicino tecto erectam iuxta quendam parietem collocaret, lapis ad tactum pertice dilapsus in capud canonic! stands a retro quern ipse non uidebat intulit causani mortis. Super quo etc. Nos igitur etc. usque quatenus si dictus - - dabat tune operam licite rei ac in premissis adhibuit cautelam quam debuit scandalo non obstante non reputetis predictum - - ob casuni huiusmodi irregularitatis impedimcnto teneri. Alioquin sub executione minorum etc. DE EODEM. (16). Episcopo - - diocesis. T. acoliti presenduiu portitoris re- latio coutinebat quod ipse olim amotis quibusdam pucris turbanti- bus officium ab ostio ecclesie de mandato prioris quemdam baculum quern de manu pueri rebellis accepcrat uersus ortum uicimim proiecit, quern dum quidam eorum consurgens ex latere contra quern ipse baculum non direxerat manu capere antequam terrain attigeret niteretur, ab eo lesus in capite post dies aliquot expirauit. Super quo ne quis emulus etc. Quia uero de facto et facti circum- stantiis etc. usque si est ita non reputetis ipsum ex premissis irregularitatis impedimento teneri. DE EODEM. (17). Roberti diaconi uestre diocesis presentium portitoris confessio [continebat] quod cum ipse olim de domo cuiusdam amici sui rediret ad propria, seruientes cuiusdam militis quos suos credebat amicos ipsum inuadentes in uia publica eundem cum gladiis et fustibus percusserunt ac secum ducere nitebantur, qui cultellum ad sui defensionem ad insequentium timorem exeruit, nou intendens inferre sed duntaxat repellere inferentes, utendo comminatione non ictu. Yerum unus illorum dum ad ledendum ipsum cursu pre- 42 XXVI. DE SUSPECTO DE HOMICIDIO. cipiti alios preuenisset brachium adeo cultello allisit quern diaconus in defensiouis rcmedium pretendebat, quod infra dies xv. expirauit. Super quo non conscientie etc. 1 DE EG QUI HABETUR SUSPECTUS DE HOMICIDIO.* Episcopo . Ilabet hoc relatio clerici presentium portitoris quod ipse cum aliis christifidelibus in albigensium obsi- dione persistens quondam illorum a sotiorum cetu casualiter diuer- tentom detinuit, non inteudens ipsum morti tradi uel ex detentioue huiusraodi incim-erc causam mortis, quern quidarn alii subito addu- centes eundura ut audiuit postmodura occiderunt, ipso in albigensis mortem prefati non dante opcin uel operam, consilium uel fauorem. Super (jiio etc. Quia uero de facto etc. usque non reputetis eun- dem ex premissis irregularitatis impedimento teneri. XXVII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT ES8E HoMICIDA CUM XOX SIT. Episcopo Brixiensi. Audita confessione G. subdiaconi latoris presentium prouidentie uestre committimus quatenus si rei ueritas sic se habet prout coutinetur in litteris domino pape nomine uestro exhibitis, quas ad cautelam sub sigillo nostro uobis remittimus, de- nuncietis predictum G. ex hiis que iam dicte littere continent reatu homicidii non teneri et nullam irregularitatis maculam incurrisse. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Grossetano. Guido presbiter lator presentium pro- posuit coram nobis quod eo ut moris erat in letania maiori pul- 1 A significant counterpart of this remarkable series of "casual" homicides is to l>e found in a brief of Innocent IV. in 1243 in which he recounts how the clerk John de Amblevi accompanied his brothers in war against a neighbor and in the melee struck down with a wooden staff one of the enemy who was thereupon dis patched. Innocent grants him a dispensation to hold benefices but not to perform divine service. Berger, Registres d Innocent IV. n. 164 (T. I. p. 31). 1 This evidently refers to an incident in the Albigensian crusades, 1209-122S. XXVII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT ESSE HOMICIDA. 43 sante campanas tintinnabulum cecidit, in cuius casu percussus extitit puer unus, ex qua percussione mortem incurrit. Super quo sibi petiit sedis apostolice misericordia subueniri. Nos autem etc. qua tenus si dictus licite rei operam dabat et adhibuit cautelam quam debuit, scandalo uou obstante, non reputetis eundem ob huiusmodi casum irregularitatis impedirneuto teneri. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati - - ordinis sancti Benedict!. Ex parte ucstra fuit propositum coram nobis quod cum M. monachus uester iuxta quosdam pueros resideret ex improuiso impulsus a quodam sui)ra quandam puellam corruit, quam ita corruens sic oppressit quod infra decennium [decendium] expirauit. Super quo pctistis eidem apostolice sedis misericordia prouideri. JS"os autem etc. quateuus si est ita et aliud canonicum nou obsistat non reputetis prefatum ex premissis irregularitatis impedimenta teneri cum in hiis pati potius uisum sit quam egisse. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo - . G. subdiacouus lator presentium nobis ex- posuit quod cum timeret sibi mortis imminere periculum quosdam de progenie sua in parte [?] tutelam assumpsit, et aduersariis eius imminentibus in eosdem, unus quern diligebat a sotiis extitit in- terfectus, eodem G. in mortem illius non dante opem aut operam consilium uel fauorem. Super quo petiit etc. Nos autem etc. quatenus si est ita et aliud canonicum non obsistat non reputetis eundem ex premissis homicidii reatu teneri. DE EODEM. (5). J. de Cisternis, monacho sancti Vallericii ordinis sancti . Super eo quod olim - - abbati tuo quasdam cordas misisti uesciens aliquem condempnatum ad mortem et cum ipsis postmo- dum homicida quidam ligattis extitit et suspendio condempnatus, non credimus irregularitatis impedimenta teueri, dummodo premissa ueritatis innitantur suffragio, et aliud canonicum uon obsistat. 44 XXVII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT ESSE HOMICIDA. DE EODEM. (6). Episeopo . Visis litteris uestris (jtias nobis pro T. dia- cono monacho mouastcrii sancti Clcmentis presentium latore misistis ipsuin ad uos duximus remittendum auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus si dictus T. furem noil tradidit iudici secular! ncc tradi consuluit a ut cum captioni eiusdem iuterfuit non credebat ipsuni mortis periculo exponendum, nou reputctis emu propter ea que predicte littere continent, quas sub sigillo nostro uobis rcmittimus ad cautelam, irregularitatis impedimento teneri. DP: EODEM. (7). Episcopo Jaurinensi. 1 Lator presentium [proposuit] quod ad mandattim cuiusdam nobilis in cuius seruitio morabatur litteras (jiiasdain sigillatas apcruit et cum legisset cas nomina quorundam inucnit, <|iii per homines eiusdam nobilis fuerant de maleficiis ac- cusati, de quibus aliqui exoculati fuerant, aliis coudempnatis ad mortem, predicto - ad hoc non dante opem etc. usque fauo- rem. Super quo etc. usque prouideri. Nos autetn etc. quatenus iiKjiiisitis super hiis (pie fuerint inquirenda, si res ita se habet, uon reputetis eundem ex premissis irregularitatis impedimento teneri. DP; EODEM. (8). S. j)etitio continebat ({uod licet euni couscientia propria non accuset <|iiod in necem alicuius opem uel operam dederit consi- lium-uel fauorem, dum esset in administratioue oificii secularis, tamen quia bonum est ibi culpam agnoscere ubi culpa non cst, dubitauit hactenus ad sacros ordines promoueri. Super (jiiibus etc. Quia uero de facto et facti circuinstantiis etc. informati usque ad ordines sacros interdicatis accessum. Alioquin cum pena suos debeat teuere actores etc. usque ad ordines sacros aditum nou claudatis dummodo aliud canonicum non obsistat. 1 Raab, in Hungary. XXVIII. DE HOMICIDIO NECESSARIO. 45 XXVIII. DE HOMICIDIO NECESSARIO. Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. H. clerici latoris preseutiiini petitio continebat cum quidam in mortem niterentur ipsius idem quasi imminentis [mortis] sibi pcriculum metuens, unum baculo uim ui repellendo percussit, qui infra nouem clierum spatium spiri- tum exalauit. Verum cum improuise necessitates articulus ei ad excusationem aliquid afferat eo quod repentini casus instantia de- liberationis consilium non liabebat, supplicauit humiliter se ab apostolice sedis gratia non excludi. Nos autem etc. quatcnus si dictis ueritas suffragatur, aliudque canonicum non obsistat, pre- fatum H. permittatis in minoribus ordinibus ministrare. DE EODEM. (2.) Episcopo - . Sna nobis lator presentium insinuatione monstrauit quod cum quidam canonicus regularis sui comes itiueris quamdam ad thorum commixtionis illicite sotiani admississet, idem tiam leui consensu nolens participare commisso obicem contradic- tionis opposuit, et cum non aiferrent sufficieus nerba remedium adiecit et tierbera prout mulieris exigebat rebellio renitentis. Cun- que pro consorte libidinis regularis ille irregularem manum defen- sionis extenderet ipse placto ensis illius capud et crura percussit quin nullam uel modicam infereris lesiouem, qui metu perterritus infra triduum expirauit. Super quo supplicauit humiliter ut plus affectum quam casum subiicientes iudicio circa ipsum prouidere misericorditer deberemtis. Quocirca de speciali mandate etc. quatenus cum prefato - - si aliud canonicum nou obsistat in ordinum executione miuorum et retentione beneficii hactenus habiti dispensetis et idem fructus restituatis quos propter hoc fecistis ut dicitur medio tempore sequestrari. Si uero beueficio quod mine habet cura est auimarum annexa eidem prouideatis in alio competenti. 46 XXVIII. DE HOMICIDIO XECESSARIO. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati Case Dei. 1 Visis litteris quas venerabili patri domino C. in titulo sancte Sabine presbitero Cardinali 2 pro - monacho uestro latorc presentium misistis, ipsum a reatu homicidii quod commissit ad uos auctoritate domini papc remittimus absolutum. Vos autem consideratis diligenter que iam dicte littere continent presentibus intercluse iniungatis ei penitentiam salutarem sub uestri ordinis obseruantia peragenda, ad omnes ordincs eidem ascensu penitus intcrdicto. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo Ftmdauo. G. subdiaconi uestrc diocesis latoris pre sent in m confessio continebat quod cum alter duorum iuuenum ad luctani ludentiimi (jucni consanguine! altering snccumbentis ledere nitebantur eiusdem subdiaconi subsidium implorasset, aceidit quod du in idem subdiaconus intciiderct defcnsioni iuuenis memorati per- cussns uuuiii ex aducrsariis adeo repercussit quod infra dies xv. ex])iratiit. Super quo etc. usque quatenus super executione mino- runi ordiuum dumtaxut et beneficio quod ciirani non habeat ani- maruui annexam, scandalo ct alio canouico uon obstaute, cum ipso misericorditer dispensetis. DE EODEM. (5). Episcopo Ebroicensi. H. clerici uestrc diocesis latoris presentium petitio continebat quod cum quidam laycus M. nomine gladio ipsum impeteret et cum oceidere intentaret idem cum alias [non] posset euadere ^ladio percussit eundem qui ex percussioue huiusmodi ex- ]>irauit. CuiiKjue metu propinquorum occisi ad ecclesiam confu- gisset et per dies undecim latuisset ibidem, uos ne censura iudicis secularis ex tali culj)a deseuiret in ipsum cepistis eundem et tandiu detineri fecistis in uinculis ferreis alligatum quousque iuramenti uinculo se astrinxit (jnod Rothomagensem exiret prouinciam non reuersurus ad earn, nisi ab apostolica sede obtineret licentiam, quod 1 The abbey of La Chaise Dieu or Chasse Dieu, in Auvergne, not far from Brioude. 2 I cannot find in Ciacconius at this period a cardinal priest of S. Sabina with the initial C. XXIX. DE OPPRESSIONS PUERORUM. 47 in clerical! habitu remaneret. Super quo iustanter et humiliter petiit sibi de misericordia apostolice sedis prouideri. Nos autem de special! mandate domini pape prefatum H. ad uos duximus remittendum uestre prudentie committentes qtiatenus iniuncta sibi super tali homicidio peuitentia congruenti ad ordines omnes sacros ascensuni interdicatis eidem, concesso ei ut tonstirani et coronam publice deferat et privilegio gaudeat clerical i. DE EODEM. (6). Episcopo - . Receptis litteris nestris etc. iiscjue ipsum in minoribus dunitaxat ordinibus toleretis, eundeni in suo monasterio recipi facientes, uon obstante mandato quod ei abbas de non re- deundo ad claustrum fecisse dicitur sub debito prestiti itiramenti, dispensatiouis misericordia in sacros ordiues a scde apostolica non obteuta. Non enim ad id allegare eum potuisset uis mandati quod non ex sui arbitrio sed superioris potestate dej)endct. XXIX. DE OPPRESSIONS PUERORUM. Episcopo - . Ex tenore litterarum iiestrarinn et confes- sione - presbiteri greci preseutium latoris accepimus quod cum ipse olim ex itinere fatigatus membra sopori dedisset, uxor in medio filiam et filium parunhini a latere collocauit, quern sompno grauata grauauit et oppress! t ad mortem. A cuius oppressione cum esset quartus in lecto tarn filia media quam uxor interiacens eum seruasse uidetur immunem. Vos autem sacerdotem predictum ob casum huismodi ad sedem apostolicam destinastis sue salutis consilium petiturum. Quocirca prudentie uestre auctoritate domini pape rescribimus quatenus si premissis ueritas suffragatur, presbi- terum non reputetis eundem irregularitatis impedimento teneri. Ceterum ne quia negligentia culpam intulerit que interdictum in talibus consueuit iuugere non relinquatis eundem penitentie coin- petentis expertum. 48 XXX. DE EO QUI RETORSIT ETC. XXXI. DE MEDICIS. XXX. DE EO QUI RETORSIT CULPAM IN SE UT ALIUM LIBERARET. Episcopo - . Presbiteri - - latoris preseutium con- fessio continebat quod cum quedain mulier cum qua per trien- nium consuetudinem habuit inhonestam fuisset pro furto addicta suspendio, sui prodigus ct parcus illius nisus est iu se criminis notain transferre, ut eius accusatio in cxcusationem eederet alie- nam. Verum in consistorio iudicis fidem inuerecunda confessio non inuenit, et faetum prosecuta credulitas apprehendit scicntia ueritatem, et sic illain ad mortem stispendii furti probatio pertulit, ct in isto talis coufcssio suspension! ab officio et beneficio causam dedit, unde mandatum fuit ei ad ctilpam et illam nou releuauit a ])L i na. Xe igitur false confessionis figmentuin uera eum diutius punitione confingat [constringat] supplicauit humiliter misericordie sibi ianuam aperiri. Cum autem sit uestrum pecoris uestri uultum aguoscere, ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus considerate quid liccat, quid deceat et quid expediat prefatum presbiterum cum in eo uite meritum se coap- tatierit gratie, conuersationem preteritam redimente futura, alio non obstante canonico, ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis. XXXI. DE MEDICIS. . Pro - fratre monacho nionasterii uestri fuit propositum coram nobis quod i])se in arte phisica eruditus pluribus iuxta ipsius artis traditiones medicinas cum diligentia pre- buit, licet interdum contrarii sequereutur euentus, eo quod quibus putabat medele adhibere remedium medicinis perceptis mortis periculum incurrerunt. Qui cum ex huiusmodi casibus promo- tionis sue casum imminere nou putauit aduersuni, ad omues sacros ordines est promotus. Sed quia nonnunquam diuersi metus in hiis mentem eius in uaria diuidunt, ct conscientie scrujMilum iuieccrunt, impertiri sibi salutare con si Hum postulauit. Quia uero iu talibus pendere nidetur ex interioris hominis ueritate indicium, circum- XXXII. DE CIRURGICIS. 49 spectioni uestre anctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus si prefatuin - in predictis sua conscientia probabiliter non re- mordet, ipsum dummodo aliud canonicum non obsistat in executioue susceptorum ordinum dimittatis, et quidem si artis peritiam habuit et de ipsius preceptis in cura et cure contingentibus nil obmisit egroti obitus, cum non sit in medico semper relenetnr nt eger, mentem eius tnrbare metns erronei scrupuli non deberet. XXXII. DE CIRURGICIS. Archiepiscopo Antibareusi. J. diacouus lator presentium propo- snit coram nobis quod cum quidam laycus consanguineus eius esset in capite letaliter uulneratus idem in arte cirurgica cruditus ipsum curandum suscepit, qui infra diem decimum expirauit, sane licet in cura et cure contingent bus iuxta ipsius artis traditiones niliil ob misit. Quia tamen couscientie eius dubitationis urgct aculeus, im- pertiri sibi salubre cousilium postulauit. Quia uero in talibns pendere etc. ut supra, usque dimittatis, iniuncta ei penitentia com petent i eo quod contra statuta concilii general is se miscuit cirurgie. 1 DE EODEM. (2). Abbati . Ex tenore litterarum uestrarum quas pro monacho presentium latore misistis acccpimus quod cum ipse ad mandatum prioris de mediana ueua cuidam militi miuuisset idem miles sue salutis prodigus ipsa die miuutionis secunda nice man u propria uenam aperuit et cum immoderatis potationibus ac illicitis actibus debilitaret nature uigorem, tertia die sequeuti uiam est uniuerse carnis ingressus. Propter quod antecessor uester ab officii executione suspendit eundem, et uos ipsum ad sedem apos- tolicam destinastis salutare consilium petit u rum. Quia uero in 1 The statute alluded to is " nee ullam chirurgise partem subdiaconus, diaconus vel sacerdos exerceant qme ad ustionem vel incisionem inducit." Concil. Latera- nens. IV. ann. 1215, c. xvm. To this unfortunate scruple of the Church is attributable the disrepute which through so many ages retarded the progress of surgery, causing it to be looked upon as a mechanic art, to be exercised only by barbers. 50 XXXIII. DE HERETICIS CONVERSIS. talibus ex interioris horniuis ueritate indicium, patera itati uestre committimus qiiateuns si ost ita et artis peritiam habuit, et circa minutionem htiiusmodi adhibuit cautelam quam debuit non re- putetis etimdcm ex premissis, alio non obstante canonico, irregu- laritatis impedimento teueri. XXXIII. DE HERETICIS Cox VERB is AD PENITENTIAM. Episcopo Elenensi et fratri F. etc. Boned ictus de - - miles uestre diocesis lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod cum pro eo quod fautor hereticorum extiterat et eorum credens erroribus fuerit a nobis sententialiter condempnatus, imminentia tiniens sup- plicia ad fuge subsiditim se conuertit. Tandem errorem aduertens et creatoris sui offensam agnoscens, ad apostolice scdis recurrit cle- mcutiam, instanter et humiliter supplicaus sibi de misericordia snbueniri. Qnia uero sunt culpe in quibus culpa est relaxare uindictam circnmspectioni uestre de speciali mandate domini pape committimus quatonus predict o B. abiurata prorsus heretica praui- tate de absolutionis beneficio prouidentes, ipsum in aliquo monas- torio sub cautela reclnsorii retrudatis aeturum penitentiam sub habitn regnlari, prouiso ut sic salus anime penitcntie remedio pro- curetur quod eo corporis pene angustia non perdatur et familiari- tatis contagio non sit idem aliquibus occasio corruptele. DE EODEM. (2). Fratri Claro. Visis littcris quas nobis frater J. minister saneti sepulcri de - - transmisit, prudentie uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatonus consideratis diligeuter quo eedem conti nent presentibus iuterclnse, sic circa ipsum iniunctam peuiteutiam temperetis quod eo corporis pene non perdatur augustia et idem familiaritatis etc. ut supra. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Carcassonensi et - - inquisitoribus heretiquorum in Xarbonensi prouincia constitutis. Audita coufessione latoris presentium ipsum excommunicatione qua tenebatur astrictus prop- XXXIV. DE INQUISITIONE CONTRA HERETICOS. 51 ter ea que cedula continet interclusa presentibus ad uos auctoritate domini pape iuxta formam ecclesie remittimus absolutum. Vos autem consideratis diligenter que ad munimentum fidei faciunt et integritateni ecclesiastice unitatis iniuugatis ei penitentiam salu- tarem, statuentes circa ipsum que secundum doiuinum uideretis statuenda. Quod si non onines hiis exequendis poteritis intcressc, uos domine episcope cum eorum altero nichilominus procedatis. DE EODEM. (4). Inquisitoribus contra hereticos. Confessiouem R. uobis remit timus presentibus interclusam quateuus procedatis circa ipsum prout uideritis expedire, prouiso prudeutcr que ad fidci faciuut munimentum et ad integritateni ecclesiastice unitatis. XXXIV. DE INQUISITIONS COMMITTENDA CONTRA HERETICOS. Episcopo Urbeuetauo et fratri Rogero. Olini a fratre R. bone memorie quedam scripta pro B. latore presentium ad sedem apos- tolicam fuere transmissa, super quibus meminimus certum datum fuisse responsum. Sane quia predicto fratre sublato de medio sicut audiuimus processum non extitit circa ipsum, dictus ad apostolice sedis recnrrit subsidium instanter et humiliter sup- plicans eius sibi prudentia misericorditer subueuiri. Quia uero negotium fidei tangitur ne quid de contingentibus obmittatur uobis qui de facto et conuersatione ipsius potestis habere notitiam pleniorem, de speciali mandato domini pape committimus quatenus si scripta premissa et responsum prenominato fratri di rectum ad notitiam uestram peruenerint iuxta tenorem ipsorum circa eum discretio uestra procedat. Alioquiu inquisitis et cognitis quid de ipso ueritas conuersationis perhibeat et fame testimonium proferat circa fidem, super absolutioue ipsius et peuitentia salutari in casu procedatis eiusdem prout in similibus censure debite modus et ordo deposcuut. DE EODEM. (2). Auditis que lator presentium H. prior de - - proposuit coram nobis ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum auctoritate 52 XXXV. DE HERETICO SPOXTE COXFITEXTE. domini pape ucstre prudentie eommitteutes quatenus iuquisitis et cognitis quid de ipso neritas conuersationis perhibeat et fame testi mo niiim proferat circa fidem, que inueneritis sub sigillis uestris ad sedom apostolicam per fidelem nuntium trausmittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Archiepisco Mediolanensi et fratri S. priori prouinciali fratrum predicatorura in Lombardia. Litteras uestras domine archiepiscope et aliorum proborum uirorum testimonium pro H. presbitero latore present! um uenerabili patri domino S. 1 tituli sancti Marci presbitero cardinal! transmissas inspeximus et ipsius presbiteri confessionem aiidiuimus diligenter. Quia uero negotium fidei tangitur, ue quid do contingentibus obmittatur predictum N". [sic] de speciali maudato domini pape ad uos duximus remittendum uostre prudentie com mittentcs qnatenus inquisitis etc. usque deposuit, attentius prouisuri etc. usque nnitatis, et quod innocentie puritas commento malitie non succumbat. Tenorem autem ipsarum litterarum et confes sionem eiusdem uobis sub sigillo nostro remittimus ad cautelam. XXXV. DE HERETICO QUI SPOXTE COXFITETUR ERROREM. Episcopo Caturceusi et fratri R. Auditis quc S. lator presentium proposuit coram nobis ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum, auctori- tate domini pape uostre prudentie committentes quod si predictus S. non accusatus nee conuictus sed sponte coufessus est et suum confitetur errorcm et ea que exiguntur in talibus, abiurata prorsus heretica prauitate, de absolutionis beneHcio iuxta formam ecclesie prouideatis eidem, iniungentes ei penitentiam salutarem et alia prout in similibus censure debite modus et ordo deposcunt, prouisuri nichilominus que ad munimentum fidei etc. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Senouensi et fratri R. Proposuit B. seruiens nobilis uiri Simouis comitis Montis fortis lator presentium quod eo 1 I can find in Ciacconius no cardinal priest of St. Mark during this period with the initial S. XXXVI. DE SUSPECTO DE HERESI. 53 uobis sponte confesso qualiter suggestione hostis autiqui hereticos et eoruni errores multo tempore dilexisset, manducando et bibendo cum eis, ac ipsorum predicationes multotiens audicndo. Vos pro penitentia iniunxistis eidem ut signo crucis assumpto cum eodcni cornite pergeret ultra mare, omni tempore uite sue sextas ferias non utens linteis ieiunaret, et quotienscunque sibi facultas affuerit diuinis officiis interesset. Quod cum in auditorium summi pontificis pertu- lisset idem dominus gratum habuit et acceptuni quod super premis- sum actum est salubriter circa ipsuin. 1 XXXVI. DE EO QUI DE HERESI SUSPECTUS HABETUII. Episcopo . Ex serie litterarum quas pro presbitero presentium latore misistis duo in summa collegimus, <juo- rum alterum uerba suspecta uotabat que heresim inntiebant ; reli- quum autem simplicitatis superficiem in excusationem proferentis protendere uidebatur. Quia nero super premissis et eoruni cir- cumstantiis habere potestis indagiuem et notitiam pleniorem, pre- fatum presbiterum auctoritate domiui pape cum eisdem litter is preseutibus interclusis, ad uos duximus remittendum ut proui- dentia uestra cognoscat rigorem quern de uerbis suspectis meruerat et de simplicitatis quali quali suffragio spem misericord ie non amittat. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Eleiiensi et ordinis predicatorum. Habet rela- tio Ro. latoris preseutium quod cum uir suns propter dotem (jue sibi soluta non fuerat dimisisset eaudem, se in domo fratris qui ut dicebatur hereticorum receptator crat et fantor, apnd (juem aliquan- cliu stetit inuita, turn quod de dote satisfacere niro nolebat, turn quod earn non decebat stare cum aliquo cui non esset generis pro- 1 There would seem to be no doubt that this brief is addressed to the Arch bishop of Sens and the inquisitor Friar Robert le Bugre, just before the downfall of the latter in 1239. The Simon Count of Montfort must have been Simon of Leicester, who went to the Holy Land in 1240. His brother Amaury Count of Montfort went in 1238. The crusade of the elder Simon was in 1201, a period too early to be compatible with the text of the brief. 54 XXXVII. DE EO QUI PARTICIPAT HERETICO. pinquitate coniunota. Saue uos olim ut asserit inquisitionis officium contra hereticos exercentes fratrem siium eiusque familiam uniuer- sam sententialiter de heresi coudempuastis et licet ipsa fratri noil commuuicauit contra fidem, scd sola familiaritate duntaxat, nee a fidei intcgritate recesserit dicto nel facto consilio uel fauore, uichilo- minus tanicii condempnationis sententiain pertulit cum eodem; et cum din latuisset sictit per litteras uestras innotuit, recepta tamen securitate quod non includeretur, in prescntia uestra comparuit et cum apostolice sedis examinationem expeterct uos ei prouidcri de peniteutia distulistis. Super quibus instauter et humiliter petiit sibi de misericordia subueuiri. Quia uero negotium fidei tangittir, ne quid de contiugentibus obinittatur, uobis qui de fania et conucr- satione ipsius potestis habere notitiam plenioreni auctoritate domini pape committimus quatcuus si premissa ueritate nitanttir de abso- lutionis beneficio prouideatis cidem, ut uideretis cxpedirc, attentius prouisuri (jue ad mimimentum fidei faciunt etc. XXXVII. DE EO QUI PARTICIPAT HERETICO NON ix ELEMOSIXE. Episcopo - . Presbiter lator presentium liuraili uobis con- fessioue monstrauit quod uos olim ca occasione dumtaxat ipsum ab executione suoruni ordiuum suspendistis quod quendam laycuni inuenistis ex ofticio inquisitionis hereticuni, cui aliquando id pres- biter sicut uobis confessus fuit, aliquos denarios in elemosiuam dederat, credens ipsum orthodoxe fidei zelatoreni. Veruni cum prefatus presbiter uuuqtiam credidit hereticorum erroribus nee scienter habuerit participium cum eisdeni uec et memoratum laycum sciuerit erroribus predictis infectum supplicauit a sede apostolica sibi super restitutioue officii misericord iter prouideri. (^uia uero de facto etc. auctoritate domini pape ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum ut uos ipsi iuxta formam ecclesie absolu- tionis beueficium impeudatis et secuudum quautitatem excessus penitentiam iuiungatis eidem, prouisuri in tulibus que ad fidei faciunt munimentum ct integritatem ecclesiastics uuitatis. XXXVIII. DE COMMUNICANTS CUM HERETICO. 55 DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Trecensi. Habebat relatio T. et S. presentium porti- torum quod cum laycus quidam de lieresi condempnatus carcerali fuisset mancipatus custodie et confractis uinculis e carcere fugiens ad cos nocturne tempore accessisset, iidem ad eius importuuam instantiam asserentis se uestro paruisse mandato ipsum in hos- pitio receperunt, et licet alias ill! tanquam hospiti liumanitatis solatia exhibereut nequaquam tainen lierroris participio, cuius prius fuerant prorsus ignari, communicarunt eidem dicto uel facto, consilio uel fauore quiiiimmo ilium ut asserunt uehementissime arguerent quod ad tantam dementiam uenerat ut pro falsis fig- mentis ueritatem que Christus est miserabiliter abnegaret. Sane cum ex ipsorum confessione uobis innotesceret de premissis eis sul) religione prestiti iuramenti mandastis ut in remissionem suorum peccaminum propter hoc ad partes accederent transmarinas nisi apostolica sedes ut ex litteris uestris accepimus misericord iter ageret cum eisdem. Yerum cum predictis T. et S. rerum facultas non suppetat et grauentur multitudine filiorum humiliter suppli- carunt bonus peregrinationis huiusmodi de misericordia sedis apos- tolice in aliam peniteutiam commutari. Quia uero de facto etc-. ipsos ab excommunicationis sententia qua propter hoc tenebautur astricti iuxta formam ecclesie absolutes ad uos duximus remittendos auctoritate domini pape uestre prudentie committcntes quatenus consideratis diligenter que ad munimentum fidei faciuut et inte- gritatem ecclesiastice unitatis circa commutationem huiusmodi prout eorum saluti expedire uideritis procedatis. XXXVIII. DE EO QUI VlDETUR CoMMUNICASSE CUM HERETICO SED SINE CULPE. Episcopo Albieusi. Archipresbitero de Mou[estier] uestre dio- cesis accepimus intimante quod cum olim in partibus suis diuersa- rum heresium sectatores diuersa sentirent, et inter se inuicem diuersa concertatione insurgerent, ipse utcuuque sui prodigus ut fidei quo- dammodo parceretur quosdam minus malos in exclusione penarum 56 XXXVIII. DE COMMUNICANTE CUM HERETICO. quibusdam communibus actibus ad communionem admisit, non par- ticipio crimiuis sed partis impugnatione peioris ; se tamen diuinis- immiscuit non pensans demeritum, dum sue culpe dampnum erroris eo modo impugnati, sub dubia iudicio suo lance meriti compeusaret. Super quo petiit sibi apostoliee scdis prouidentia subueniri. Quo- circa prudentie ucstrc auctoritate domini pape com mittimus quatenus- prephato archipresbitero super premissis absolution is bcneficium im- pendentes, ipsum ad disponsationis gratiam iniuncta sibi penitentia competent! iuxta uite ac fame suffragium admittatis, dummodo aliud canonirum non obsistat. 1 DE EODEM. (2). Fratri Roberto. 2 M. lator presentium Caturcensis diocesis nobis cxposuit (|iiod olim a quibusdam seductus hereticis <juos credebat 1 This ease is probably referable to the period of settlement in Languedoc after the treaty of Paris in 1221). Prior to that time practical toleration had existed of necessity among the populations resisting the Albigensian crusades, and the canons prohibiting intercourse with heretics had been perforce disregarded. For tli is offence reconciliation to the Church with accompanying penance was re quired. 2 This brief is evidently addressed to Frere Robert le Bugre. The storv told by the penitent would seem to be false as respects his confessing sacramentally to inquisitors and receiving penance from them. Confession to inquisitors was al ways judicial, for the seal of sacramental penance would disable them from action. ( onfession of heresy to a priest, with acceptance of penance and absolution, did not release the heretic from punishment by the Inquisition ; he might be pardoned by God, as Zanghino tells us (Tract, de Hreret. cap. xxxui.) but not by man. In the early days of the Spanish Inquisition culprits endeavored to escape in this manner and even obtained letters from the papal Penitentiary, but the inquisitors procured from Innocent VIII., after some tergiversations, a bull de claring all such absolutions void. It is noteworthy that he does not forbid the Penitentiary to issue them but rather expects it to continue doing so. This was one of the devices of the curia at the time by which it shared in the plunder of the rich cunvcrsos of Spain by selling to them exemptions in Home and then abandoning them to the Inquisition in Spain. The bull I believe is inedited and is worth reproducing. It shows incidentally the elaborate formulas of exemption which the Penitentiary had finally adopted. " INNOCENTIUS episcopus servus servorum Dei delectis filiis universis et singu- lis locorum ordinariis et inquisitoribus hjereticae pravitatis in regnis et dominiis charissimi in Christ o filii nostri Ferdinandi regis et charissimrc in Christo filire nostne Helizabethse reginse Castelhe et Legionis illustrium, salutem et apostolicam benedictionem. Quia sicut asseritur dubitatis qualiter procedere debeatis cum illis qui hferesim secreto in manibus eorum quibus ipsorum peccata confessi XXXVIII. DE COMMUNICANTS CUM HERETICO. 57 orthodoxc fidei zelatores comedit et bibit cum eis, ac eorum pre- dicationes audiuit. Tandem errorem aduertcns eorum ])rimo ad - Episcopum et postmodum ad fratres uestri ordinis contra hereticos inquisitores in illis partibus a sede apostolica fuerunt abjurasse affirmant, Nos attendentes quod illi qui sic revertuntur, non duce divina gratia nee pura mente sed simulate reversi ut plurimum existi- mantur et, schismatum auctore procurante, facile iterate in pristinos relabuntur errores, quodque propterea sanctorum patrum decreta sanxerunt quod ab lueresi revertantes coram notario et testibus fidedignis scripto cum juramento promittere deberent loci ordinario se nunquam ad errores quos abjurarent reversuros, ac felicis recordationis Sixti papa II II. praxlecessoris nostri qui per quasdam suas litteras bone memorie Eneco Archiepiscopo Hispalensi directas voluit inquisitores haeretica? pravitatis eorum officium exercere posse super eorum reconciliationibus et hseresum abjurationibus aliter quam secundum juris formam factis etiam apos tolica auctoritate receptis ac exemptionibus a processibus et jurisdictione Inquisi- torum eorundem aut aliter quomodolibet eadem auctoritate obtentis nequaquarn obstantibus, vestigiis inhaerentes volumus et apostolica auctoritate vobis concedi- mus ut cornmissum vobis inquisitionis officium contra quoscunque hreresis sive apostasie labe infectos etiam sic secrete abjurantes exercere libere valeatis. Xon- obstantibus quibusvis abjurationibus aliter quam juxta sanctorum patrum dicta et apostolicas sanctiones hactenus per quoscunque factis et quas fieri contingent in futurum necnon his quse a sacra Penitentiaria apostolica hactenus emanassent vel in futurum emanarent pro quibusvis personis cujuscunque status, gradus, ordinis et conditionis existentibus et quavis dignitate et auctoritate fimgentibus quavis consideratione aliisve fortioribus et efficacioribus clausulis, etiam in forma con- fessionalium et exemptionis a superioritate et potestate vestra et eorum quibus commiseritis excessuum inquisitionem punitionem et correctionem, cum absolvendi eos ab illis et pcenis quas propter ea incurrissent vobisque et aliis judicibus ne contra eos procedatis inhibendi et eis favoribus opportunis ne pnetextu cujusvis hseresis ab aliis in judicium evocentur seu aliter molestentur assistendi facilitate et potestate ab eadem penitentiaria emanatis et processibus desuper habitis et quos habere contingeret in futurum, etiam censuras et poenas in se continentibus, quas quidem litteras ac illarum processum huiusmodo tenorem etiam si de illo de verbo ad verbum seu quaevis alia expressio habenda esset et in eis caveretur ex- presse quod eis non censeretur derogatum nee derogari posse nisi dum et quotiens sub certis inibi expressis modo et forma contingeret derogari prsesentibus, pro expressis habentes eis quoad hoc nolumus in aliquo suffragan cteterisque con- trariis quibuscunque. Datum Komae apud Sanctum Petrum, anno incarnationis dominicse millesimo quadringentesimo octuagesimo septimo, quarto idibus Xo- vembris pont. nostri anno quarto. Jo. COTIXI." (Bulario del Orden de Santiago T. I. fol. 92, ap. Archive Historic Nacional de Espana.) One of the darkest pages in the annals of the curia is to be found in its treat ment of the unfortunate New Christians of Spain in the early days of the In quisition, when it vacillated between greedy acceptance of their gold and the pressure of the Catholic Kings. An outline of it is given by Llorente, Histoire critique de V Inquisition, I. 151-71, IV. 356 sqq. 5 08 XXXIX. DE RECOXCILIATO. XL. DE FILIIS HJERET. deputatos accessit, et corani eis sub sigillo eoufessionis aperieus qualiter eorum errore crediderat, abiurata prorsus hcretica prauitate, pcnitentia sub ccrta forma suseepta, in corum litteris comprehensam [sic]. Sicque habita securitate per littoras ipsas in Francia est pro- fectus, et licet ibi tauquam uir catholicus in fide Christi maneret, abdicati erroris uestigia nulla requircns, nichilominus tamcn ad quo- rundain emulorum instantiam, qui euni hereticuin inendaciter as- serebant, ipsum capi feeistis et carcerali custodie inancipi. Ceterum ne ad falsam delationem puniretur illoruni qui sine culpa eum prodere nitebantur, ad gremium apostolice sedis confugit humiliter Hagitans eius se misericordia subueniri. Quia uero de uita et con- ucrsatione ipsius in partibus ipsis plenior potest haberi notitia, pre- dictuin M. ad uos duxinuis remittendum, auctoritate domini pape nestre prudentie committentes (jiiatenus sic circa ipsum discretio uestra procedat quod innocentie puritas aliorum offuscata men- datio non succumbat et heretica prauitas non effugiat impunita. XXXIX. DE EO QUI RECONCILIATUS EST ECCLESIE ABIURATA HERETICA PRAVITATE. Priori fratrum predicatorum Massiliensium. 1 Petitio- nem B. de layci Massiliensis recepinius quam interclusam presentibus duximus remitteudam, auctoritate domiui pape nestre prudentie consulentes quatenus si constiterit prefatum B. esse re- conciliatum ecclesie et absolutum iuxta formam in talibus consuetain iniungatis ei penitentiam super hiis (jiias scripta ccdula continet, prout uideritis expedire, attentius prouisuri que ad munimentum fidci faciunt etc. XL. DE FILIIS HERETICORUM PROMO VENDIS IN RELIGIONEM. G. capitate, priori Cluniacensis ordinis. Ex parte uestra fuit propositura corani nobis (jtiod olini V. uestro monacho in scolis 1 This brief is probably addressed to Pons de PEsparre, Dominican prior of Marseilles who in 1238 was engaged in an active persecution of heretics, though without inquisitorial authority. When the Inquisition was subsequently organ ised in Provence it was entrusted to the Franciscans. XLI. DE FILIO H^ERETICI. 59 parisius existente, parentes eius fuere cle heresi condempnati et licet eis non oommunicauit circa fidem, quinimmo erroris corum fuerit prorsus ignarus, de tali tamcn parcntum condempnatioiie confessus apud uos habitum religionis assuinpsit, cupicns per uite meritum astergere maculani qua ipsum culpa progenitoruin aspersit. Sane cum talibus ad superiores gradus interdicatur ascensus, fiiit humili- ter supplicatum tit in fauorem religionis ipsius circa eum apostolica sedes dispensare miscricorditer diguaretur. Nos auteni de speciali mandate domini pape etc. quatenus si prefatus V. uite et conuersa- tionis talis existat quod ad obtinendam huiusmodi gratiain credatur merito non iudignus promotioni eiusdem quoad ordines sacros, equitati rigore cedente, })ium impendatis prosccutiouis assensum/ XLI. DE FILIO HERETICI IAM PROMOTO. Episcopo Toruacensi. Litteras uestras pro presbitero presentium latore recepimus et ipsius confessionein audiuimus dili- genter. Quia uero constitutio apostolice sedis 1 non ad peracta sed ad futura tantum debet extendi et predictns ante ipsius constitutions edictum et condempnationem parent urn fuit promotus ad sacros et ad ecclesiasticum beneficium assecutus, eiusdem petitioue domino pape exposita, ipsum de ipsius domini certa scientia ad uos duximus remittendum ut cousideratis diligenter que scripta cedula coutinet presentibus interclusa, quoad executionein officii et asse- 1 Frederic II. in his Eavenna decree of 1232 declared the children and grand children of heretics incapable of holding public office (Huillard-Breholles, Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. p. 302. Cf. Constitt. Sicular. Lib. i. Tit. ii. c. 3), and Innocent IV. in 1253 ordered all rulers to enforce this (Innocent. PP. IV. Bull. Ad extirpanda $ 30, 15 Mali, 1253), but I cannot find any papal constitution ex tending this disability to ecclesiastics prior to the authorization issued to inquis itors by Innocent IV. in 3254, to deprive all such persons of any dignities or benefices which they may possess (Innocent. PP. IV. Bull. Cum negotiuw, 9 Mart, 1254, ap. M. Bull. Rom. I. 102^. In the Corpus Juris the earliest prescription of this nature is that of Alexander IV. in 1257 (C. 2 in Sexto Lib. v. Tit. ii). Assuming the bull of 1254 to be the one referred to in the above brief its date would probably be within a few years subsequently. 60 XLII. DE HIS QUI FERUNT LIGXA ETC. cutioneni beneficii procedatis circa ipsum prout eius saluti expedire uidcritis et ecclesiasticam decuerit honestatein. XLII. DE HIIS QUI FERUNT LIGXA AD HERETICOS COMBURENDOS. Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. T. acoliti uestre diocesis latoris presentium pctitio contiuebat quod cum quidam heretici in partibus albigensibus crcniarentur, ipse post alios circumstantes existeus duo frusta lignorum ad meusuram minoris digit! paruula ucrsus iguem iam exuberantem in altum supor astantes proiecit, (pie utrum ad ignem peruenerint asserit sc nescire, et talia eruut que si ad ignem etiam peruenissent nullum prestitissent fomitem. Super quo etc. Nos auteni etc. quatenus si est ita et alias in mortem illorum non prestitit dicto uel facto opera aut operam uel fauorem, de talium iactu lignorum non reputetis cundem irregular! tatis impedimento teneri. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Lator presentium nobis exposuit quod cum centum quidam heretici comburendi et illis qui ad ignem ligua de- ferrcnt daretur indulgentia geueralis, idem in lignorum congeriem super quam ponenda erant corpora cremandorum lignum quoddam proiecit, nee fuit igne con tact lira exustis corporibus predictorum. Super quo non conscientie etc. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati de Tela, cistercieusis ordinis. Ex parte Stephani monachi uestri fuit propositum coram nobis quod ipse olim in pubertatis tempore cum aliis personis ligua portauit ad locum ubi erant heretici comburendi, et firmiter credit quod pre multitudine aliorum sua non peruenerunt ad iguem. Yerum quia processu temporis religionem iugressus accessit ad ordiues petitum est super hoc ab apostolica sede salutari sibi consilio prouideri. Nos autem etc. quatenus si est ita non reputetis predictum S. ex tali dumtaxat iactu lignorum, alio nou obstante canonico, irregularitatis impedi mento teneri. XLIII. DE 1XQUISITIOXE. XLIV. DE EXCESSIBUS. 61 XLIII. DE IXQUISITIOXE COMMITTEXDA SUPER INFAMIA ALICUIUS CLEBICI. Episcopo Tricariensi. 1 Causam Oddonis subdiaconi latoris pre- sentium litem conuenit presentibus intercluso [sic]. Verum quia ex hiis que continentur in ipsis object! criminis plena non constat probatio, prudentie uestre auctoritate doniini pape consulimus quatenus si dictus O. propter hoc sit respersus infamia ei iuxta qualitatem ipsius purgationem canonicani indicatis, et si prcstiterit ipsam sibi quo ad receptionem aliorum ordinum pium impendatis prosecutionis affectum. Si autem defccerit et recipiendoram or dinum interdicatis ascensum ac a stisceptorum ipsam executione priuetis. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Eemeiisi. Visa inquisitionis proccs.su qucni archidiaconus uester pro T. presbitero dc Vim. latore prescn- tiuin ad sedem apostolicam destinauit, de speciali mandato domini pape ipsuin ad nos dtiximus remittendum, ut si secundum culpc meritum et moduni iufamie inquisitione facta non constitit adhuc diligentius faciatis inquiri, processtiri nichilorainus circa ipsuin iuxta debitum officii pastoralis. XLIV. DE OCCULTIS ET GRAVIBUS EXCESSIBUS. Episcopo Parisiensi. Casum suum lator presentium uon breui lamentatione depromit, plorans louge lateque diffuse cinctu terra- rum labores subiectus itineris, periculisque maris expositus, usque in terrain sanctam sue penitentie signa pretendit, aliquanto tempore peregrinatus ibidem. Qtii tandem cepte peregrinationis consum mate proposito apostolicc sedis admit clementiam speraus apud illius uicarium, qui cum iratus fuerit non obliuiscitur misereri, sibi misericordie ianuam apereri, ut uulnera eius que penitentie rigor 1 This is probably meant for Treguier, though it may possibly be Tricarico. 62 XLV. DE MAXIFESTIS EXCESSIBUS. exasperauerit dispensationis oleum deliniret. Clamauit siquidera diu, pulsauit supplicationibus et lacrimis supplicauit sed frequent! eius instantie frequentem opposuit qualitas offense repulsam, ne facilitas ueuie iucentiiuim forte tribueret delinquent!. Sane uinci uoluit dominus supplicatione liumili cananee, uinci uoluit et eius uicarius supplici humilitate peccautis, petitiouem eius multoruni interueutioue suifultam, ad gratiam exuuditionis admittens, pre- scrtim cum culpam eius manifesta notitia non producat in scauda- lum, nee- attulerit preiudicium alii utcumque suscipieus de minoris etatis indiscretioue leuamcn. Quia uero in archa federis et uirga continebatur et manna, ut dictus - - post correptionis uirgam cousolationis manna degustet, prouidentie uestre de speciali domini pape maudato committitur, quatenus considerate quid liceat, quid deceat, et quid expediat, cum ipso prout eius saluti expedire uideritis dispensetis. XLV. DE MAXIFESTLS EXCESSIBUS. Episcopo Beluacensi. Litteras uestras pro presbitero presentium latore recipimus quarum tenor et portitoris excessum et zelum correctoris expressit; de preterita igitur sollicitudine col- ligentes <jui<l de futura speremus, dictum cum eisdem litteris nostro inclusis sigillo ad uos duximus remittendum, auctoritate domini j>ape uestre prouidentie consuleutes quatenus cousiderato quid liceat, (juid deceat, et quid expediat de maim uestra nou solum uini rigorem ])ercipiat sed etiam olei lenitatem. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Casum et causam - - latoris preseutium cedula continet present ibus interclusa, cuius tenor et portitoris ex cessum et zelum correct ionis expressit, de preterita igitur diligentia colligentes quid de futura speremus, ipsum ad uos duximus rernit- teudum, auctoritate domini pape etc. quateuus considerato (]iiid liceat usque leu i men turn. XLVI. DE OCCULTIS EXCESSIBUS. 63 DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Pragensi. Culpam et culpe circumstantias latoris presentium uestra sicut pagina continet interclusa presenti bus manifesta notitia apprehendit : de circumspectionis igitur ucstre moderamine confisi ipsum ad uos duximus remittenduin auctori- tate sumrai pontificis uestre prouidentie committentes quateuus post uinum condigne penitentie oleum competeiitis misericordie sauciati uulneribus per dispensation is gratiam infnndatis. DE EODEM. (4). Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. Litteras uestras quas pro latore presentium ad sedem apostolicam destiuastis Intel leximus diligenter, quarum tenor etc. usque expressit. Ut igitur ibi moria- tur delictum ubi scandalum est exortum, ipsum cum eisdem litteris presentibus interclusis ad uos duximus rcmittcndum (juateuus iniuncta sibi penitentia etc. demum exequamini circa ipsum debi- tum officii pastoralis, nou immemores olei cum uinum profuerit uulneribus sauciati. XLVI. DE OCCULTIS ET DUBIIS EXCESSIBUS. Episcopo . Intellectis litteris uestris quas pro - latore presentium ad sedem apostolicam dcstinasfis, et eitis con- fessione diligenter audita ipsum ad uos auctoritate domini pape duximus remittendum prouidentie uestre presentibus declarantes quatenus si continentie litterarum ueritas suffragatur ideo - presbiter ob casum quern littere continent presentibus iutercluse notam homicidii uel irregularitatis maculam non iucurrit. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Remensi. Intellectis litteris uestris quas pro latore presentium ad apostolicam sedem misistis et eius coufessione diligenter audita, ipsum ad uos auctoritate domini pape duximus remittendum^ prouidentie uestre presentibus inti mantes quod cum de morte illius hominis quern littere continent ad 6-i XLVII. DE MONACHO QUI FECIT SE CIRCUMCIDI. ciuitolam prosentibus intercluse, idem presbiter non sit conuictus, nee inde habeat probabiliter conscieutiam rernordeutem, si aliud canonicum non obsistat permittatis eidem in suis ordinibus libere ministrare. XLVII. DE MONACHO QUI FECIT SE CIRCUMCIDI. Episcopo - . Non auster sed aquilo flare uidetur in aus- tria, quia iam non plantas humilos sed arborcs alias, uiros scilicet religiosos proceros in fhictu demolitur et foliis, nichilominus radices etiertens. Sane in dicta prouincia usque adeo perfidia iudeorum intumtiit <juod non solum lay cos sicut asseritnr subuertere nititur sed etiam religiosos supplantare conatur. Ecce - - lator pre- sentium monachus (quondam cisterciensis ordinis qui relictis secnli uanitatibus uidebatur macerare domino carnem suam, iudayca pravitate seductus, abnegatis articulis fidei orthodoxe, per interdicte circumcisionis cauterium consignari uoluit cum dampnatis. Sed manus altissimi opein tulit, dum cetns grandis ilium quern in mare iudayco iufidelitatis obsorbuit, tiomere cogitur iuxta littus fidei christiane. Cum igitur recurrat ad matrem, pulsat lacrimis, instat gemitibus ut prodigo redeunti nenie ianua non claudatur. Xe igitur panis onmino negetur et aqua fugieuti a facie aquilonis, ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum de special! mandate domini })ape uestre prouidentie committentes quateuus prefatum - abiurato iudayce superstitionis errore, prout moris est et expedire uideritis reconciliatum ecclesie demum in reclusorio iuxta monas- terium aliquod uestre diocesis recludatis ut satisfactione condigne penitentie diluat orrendi criminis maculas quas contraxit. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati - - Cisterciensis ordinis. Dum ignominiam casus monachi uestri presentium portitoris attendirnus, dum reatum aduertimus in religionis professore maiorem, et uerba pudore intercipit et factuin litterarum uestrarum nix admittit proloqui. Idem monachus quorundam iudeorum prauitatc seduc tus, bis per iuterdicte circumcisionis cauterium consignari uoluit XLVIII. DE FALSARIIS. 65 cum dampnatis : sed manus altissimi openi tulit dum cetus grandis etc. sicut alia usque contraxit, nulla sibi spe circa executionem suorum ordinum reseruata. XLVIII. DE FALSARIIS. Arcliiepiscopo Rothomagensi. Accedens olim ad apostolicam seclem H. pauper diaconus lator present! um humiliter est confcssus quod ipse non ex malitia sed simplicitate potius in quibusdain littoris bone memorie H. pape 1 ad iustanciam cuiusdam socii sui rasuram faciens quarto posuit ubi fuerat scriptum quinto. Postmoduin ignorans esse probibitum ac se propter hoc in excoramunicationis seutentia incidisse ad subdiaconatus et diaconatus ordines est pro- motus, et ministrauit in ipsis, absolutionis beneficio non obtento. Tandem apertis intelligentie oculis, copiita culpa, sedis apostolice clementiam adiit, sperans apud illius uicarium, qui cum iratus fuerit non obliuiscitur misereri, sibi misericordie iauuam aperiri. Clama- uit siquidem diu ? pulsauit supplicationibus et lacrimis supplicauit, sed frequenti eius iustantie frequentem opposuit qualitas offense repulsam ne facilitas uenie incentiuum forte tribuerct delinquenti. Sane uinci uoluit dominus supplicatione humili cananee ; uinci uoluit et eius uicarius supplier humilitate peccantis, per uos man- dans dicto diacono absolutionis beneficium impertiri, et per uos inquiri de ipsius uita et moribus et quod inueneritis eidem per uestras litteras mitteretis ut inde si posset assumeret causam fauorabilem miserendi. Consideratis igitur que super fame ac uite testimonio ipsius H. uestre littere continebant prouisum est ut penitenti misericordia omnino non desit et peccatum non desti- tuatur penitus disciplina. Quocirca de speciali mandato domini pape com mittimus ut, si culpam eius manifesta uotitia non produ- cit in scandalum in partibus uestris, cum ipso sic in snsceptis iam ordinibus dispensetis quod ad suscipiendum ei prorsus interdicatis ascensum. 1 Probably Honorius III. (1216-27). 66 XLIX. DE L1TTERIS FALSIS. L. I) E SUSPICIONS ETC. XLIX. DE EG QUI FALSAS PRO YERIS LITTERAS REPORTAVIT. llabet rolatio J. diaconi presentium portitoris quod olim ad apostolicam sedem accedens falsas pro ueris cuiusdain commento litteras reportauit, propter quod ip.sum officio ct beneficio suspen- distis iniungentes cidem ut terrain sue uatiuitatis egrediens non reuerteretur ad earn sine liceutia sedis apostolice speciali. Ipse uero super premissis ignoranciam iuris et facti pretendens cum id sufficientis excusationis 11011 atferret reniediuiu din pro misericordia institit, diu pro dementia supplicauit. Tandem uero pulsanti cum instantia ianua pietatis aperta, eiun ad uos de speciali gratia domini pape remittimus iuxta fonnain ecclesie absolntnm, uestre prouideutie committentes ut super usu litterarum liuiusmodi eidem iniuncta pcniteutia competent! ipsnm ad ultiinnm, si ei alias et uite meritum ac fidei testimonitim suffragetur, alio canonieo non obstaute ad dis- pensationis gratiain admittatis. DE SUSPITIOXE FALSITATIS. Abbati - . Trausmissa nobis R. concanonici uestri petitio oontinebat quod ipse olim existens in secnlo usus fait cum qtiibus- dam aliis sacerdotibus de Lauduno prinilegio (juodam ab apostolica sede concesso, non credens illud in parte aliqua uitiosum. Verum cum ipsius conscientiam dubitatiouis scrupulus urgeat ex eo quod post religionis ingressum audiuerit idem priuileginni argni falsitatis f uit humiliter supplicattim sibi super huiusmodi dubio per absolu- tionis beneficium ad cautelam de misericordia sedis apostolice sub- ueniri. Nos autem de speciali maudato domini pape discretioni uestre committimus quatenus, ue predicto in hoc desit cautele remedium, impendatis ei absolutionis beneficium ad cautelam, dispen sautes nichilominus cum eodem si forsan aliquid ex hoc irregularitatis timcat incurrisse. L. DE SUSPICIOXE FALSITATIS. 67 DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Parisieusi. Auditis que lator present! am proposuit coram nobis, ipsam ad uos duximus remittendam auctoritate domini pape uestre prouidentie committentes quateuus confessione ipsius diligenter audita si ex hiis que cedilla continct iuterclusa presentibus sententiam excommunicationis in falsarios promulga- tam incurrit, de absolutionis beneficio iuxta formam eeclesie prouideatis eidem, iniuncto ei quod uideritis iniimgendum, sen tentiam nichilominus uestram circa ipsam prout expedire uideritis raisericorditer relaxantes. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati saucte Catherine de monte extra muros Ro- thomagi. 1 presentium lator mouachus uester proposuit coram uobis quod cum olim ipse ac quidam alius monachus contra predecessorem uestrum inquisitionis litteras a sede apostolica im- petrasset, ipsas in eius manibus resignauit, nullo processu habito per easdem. Verum quia ex eo solo culpam asseritur contraxisse quod procurator eiusdem abbatis existens in curia predictas litteras in audieutia publica non audiuit, quamuis uere essent et nulla falsi- tate notabiles, ipsum ad sedem apostolicam transmisistis salutare cousilium petiturum. Quia uero ex impetratione predicta in pre- fato B. non inuenimus culpam ei non intulimus penam, eundem ad suum monasterium remittentes. DE EODEM. (4). Archiepiscopo et Abbati saucti Catherine Eothomagi. Audita confessione diaconi monachi latoris presentium, ipsum ab excommunicatione iuxta formam eeclesie absolutum ad uos duximus remittendum auctoritate domini pape, uestre prouidentie committen tes quatenus si diet us falsitatis litterarum quas a sede apostolica 1 The abbey of St. Catherine, or Sainte Trinite du Mont was founded in 1030, and was destroyed towards the close of the sixteenth century during the wars of the League (Fisquet, Le France Pontificale, Rouen, p. 371). It was a foundation of some importance. An abbot of St. Catherine, in 1222, figures as one of the prelates concerned in the examination of Thibaut d Amiens, archbishop elect, preliminary to his confirmation by Honorius III. (Bessin, Concil. Rotomagens. II. 45). 68 LI. DE VEXATIOXE PER LITTERAS APOSTOLIC AS. per quendara clcricum impetrauit extitit non ignarus, executionem sacroruni ordinum, coiicessis minoribus, interdicatis eidem, quo- usque uberiorem gratiani ualeat optinere. Alioquin iniuucta ei penitentia competenti super hiis que scripta cedula contiuet pre- sentibus interclusa, eoque ad tenipus prout expedire uidcritis a suoruni ordinum executione suspense, demuin etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (5). Episcopo Rigil. [?] W. clerici latoris presentium relatio con- tinebat quod cum olim de eerta scicntia cuiusdam amici sui cui subdelegari obtinuerat causain suani sigillo eius in nomine fabri cate quasdam aduersarios suos preter ipsius subclelegati notitiam ad certuin diem citari fccorit ; tanien post paulum penitentia ductus quod in hac parte minus prouide fecerat reuocauit. Super quo tain aniino sue quain fame sibi petiit misericorditer prouideri. Xos iii itur etc. usque 1 iniuncta sibi penitentia salutari ipsius de- siderium admisimus ad petita. LI. DE EG QUI VEXAT AL.IQUEM PER LITTERAS APOSTOLICAS ALTERIUS NOMINE LMPETRATAS. Episcopo - . Transmissa uobis Symonis canonici ordinis sancti Augustiui petitio continebat quod ipse olim habitu et actibus clericus secularis cxistens accepit mutuo a quodam socio suo litteras apostolicas Nicolai nomine impetratas et per eas procurauit citari quendam qui uocabatur nomine impetrantis, fide nichilominus data quod contra ilium Nicolaum fuerant impetrate. Super quo petitum est etc. Nos autem etc. quatenus prefato S. de absolution is bene- ficio prouidentes, iniungatis ei penitentiara et alia que uideritis expedire. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Turonensi. Petrus Gauenardi clericus uestre diocesis lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod cum ipse olim quasdam litteras in com muni forma a sede apostolica impe- trasset eas accommodauit alii clerico qui - - nomine uocabatur. LII. DE SENTENTIA EXCO M M U XTC ATIONIS. 69 Cumque misisset eundem ad indices delegates ut pro eo citatorium impetraret edictura clericus idem quasdam citatorias litteras preter eius notitiam falso composuil, ac sigillo falso signauit nee pro- cessura extitit per easdem, cum illico notarentur de uicio falsitatis. Super quibus apostolice sedis clementiam adiit peteus humiliter eius sibi prouidentia subueniri. JSTos autem prefatum at uos re- mittimus absolutum auctoritate domini pape, uestre prouidentie committentes quatenus, consideratis diligcntcr que cousiderauda uideritis si res ita se habeat iniungatis ei penitentiam salutarem preter penam in nouo iure editam contra tales. 1 LII. DE SEXTENTIA EXCOMMUNICATIONIS. Archiepiscopo Compsano. - presbiter lator presentium proposuit co ram nobis quod in quondam presbiterum qui bis ipsum percusserat manum repercussionis exteudit et ultionis, pro- .secutus effectum appellum, ut suo utamur uocabulo, inmisit in ilium, et licet presbiterum ictus preteriret in casum in quendam tameu conuersum preter intentionem mittentis impegit. Sane cum circa presbiterum percussorem licite defensionis liceutia se crederet excu- satum, et in percussione conuersi casum fortuitum in culpam suo iudicio iutentio peregrina non traheret, non credeus ex hiis immi- nere periculum, ad ordiuem presbiteratus accessit et in eodem ali- quaudiu ministrauit. Veruni quia aliquorum opinio couscientie 1 The "riovum jus" here alluded to is evidently the Decretals of Gregory IX. issued in 1234, and the special provision cited is probably (an. 37 of the Lateran Council of 1215. "Cum autem lites restringenda? sunt potius quam laxandre hac generali constitutione sancimus ut si aliquis super aliqua questione de cetero sine speciali mandate domini litteras apostolicas impetrare pnesumpserit, et litterse ill* non valeant et ipse tanquam falsarius puniatur, nisi forte de illis personis extiterit a quibus non debet exigi de jure mandatum" (C. xxviii. Extra Lib. i. Tit, iii.). The above cases illustrate the unscrupulous use made of these letters which were one of the sore abuses with which the curia afflicted Europe. The popes were constantly complaining of them and threatening punishments, but never applied the only remedy of refusing to issue them. They seem to have been sold without scruple to all purchasers and were a source of profit to the vendors which no pope was hardy enough to suppress. 70 LII. DE SENTEXTIA EXCO M M UNIC ATIONIS . sue contrarium ingerebat co quod iniuriaiuli atfectus ad iniuriarum peruenit effectum, supplicauit humiliter sibi et beueficium absolu- tiouis impend! et dispensations ianuam aperiri. Xos igitur prefatum - iuxta formam ecclesie absolutum ad uos duximus remit- tendum auctoritate domini pape ucstre protiidentie committentes quatenus iniuncta ei pro culpe modo peniteutia competent! ac eo ad tern pus etc. usque admittatis. 1 DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Sicut ex litteris uestris accepimus B. pres biter in monachuni diaconum nepoteni suum nianus uiolentas iniecit et cum hide 11011 crederet se teneri, Juris ignarus, diuina officia celebrauit. Super quo cum propter senectutem et debili- tatem proprii corporis nequcat [se presentare], idem presbiter sedis apostolice misericordiam supplicauit absolution is beneficium et dispensationis gratiam sibi misericorditer impcrtiri. Nos autem etc. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati dc - . H. presbiter monacbus uester lator presen- tium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod idem olim in miuoribus ordiuibus constitutus iu quosdam monachos socios suos manus uiolentas iniecit et ante absolutionem obtentam iuris ignarus factique immemor ad sacros ordines est promotus, ministrans nichi- lomiuus in eisdem. Cum autem ab excommunicatione sit iuxta formam ecclesie absolutus, super irregular itate quain contraxerat sibi petiit ex dispensationis gratia subueniri. Nos autem ex fauore qui religioui debetur, discretioni uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus iniuucta sibi penitentia competenti et eo ad 1 Violence offered to an ecclesiastic entailed excommunication reserved exclu sively to the Holy See. "Item, placuit ut si quis suadente diabolo hujus sacri- legii reatum incurrit quod in clericum vel monachum violentas nianus injecerit anathematis vinculo subjaceat et nullus episcoporum ilium prresumat absolvere, nisi mortis urgente periculo, donee apostolieo conspectui prresentetur et ejus man- datum accipiat." Concil. Lateranens. II. ann. 1139 c. 15. This was confirmed by Eugenius III. at the Council of Keims (cap. 13) in 1148 and was embodied by Gratian in the canon law, Caus. xvn. (^. iv. c. L )( .>. Many cases in the Formulary show how strictly this was construed; how useful it proved to check the endless bickerings of conventual life, and what an advantage this sacred immunity gave to the clergy in their frequent broils with the laity. LIII. DE PROMOTIONS SINE DISPEXS ATIOXE . 71 tempos iuxta quod expedire uideretis a sacrorum ordinum cxecu- tione suspense, postmodum si tails extiterit quod dispensationis gratiam mereatur cum ipso super predicts misericorditer dis- pensetis. DE EODEM. (4). Abbati et conuentui de - -. M. lator presentium monaclius uester nobis humiliter est confessus quod ipse olim canonictis secula- ris existens monialem quandam quain incestuose cognouerat grauiter uerberauit, et postmodum in monasterio nestro liabitum monacha- lem recipieus iuris ignarus ad subdiaconatus, diaconatus et presbi- teratus ordines est promotus et in cisdcm niini.strauit ordinibus absolutionis beueficio non obtento. Qiiare humiliter supplicauit domino pape ut super executione siiorum ordinum taliter suscep- torum dispensare secum misericorditer dignaretur. Xos igitur auctoritate domini pape predictum M. ab executione ordinum taliter susceptorum per trieuuium suspendentes eundem ad uos ab excommimicatione iuxta for mam ecclesie remittimus absol- utum. Quia uero misericordia superexaltat indicium et reli gion! fauor est proxiuius, aperientes ei ianuam pietatis miseri corditer iudulgemus ut uos expleto trieuuio si cum uideritis honeste couuersationis et uite et aliud canonicum non obsistat, cum ipso in executione suorum ordinum dispeusetis. LIII. DE EO QUI ABSOLUTUS AB EXCOMMUXICATIOXE ET xox OPTEMPTA DISPEXS ATIOXE PROMOVETUR AD ORDIXES. Episcopo - . Diacouus lator presentium humili nobis coufessione monstrauit quod ipse pro uiolenta iniectione mauuum in quendam clericum uinculo excommuucatiouis astrictus, iuris ignorantia et simplicitatis errore laborans in acolitum est pro motus ; qui postmodum excommunicatiouis uinculo relaxato sed super ordine sic suscepto dispensation is gratia non obtenta, quani per imperitiam esse necessarian! non credebat ad ordines sub- diacouatus et diaconatus acccssit, ministrans nichilominus in eisdem. Super quibus apostolice sedis clementiam adieus ad ianuam misericordie eius iustantia supplici et instanti supplica- 72 LIV. DE EXCOMMUNICATI PROMOTIONS. tione pulsauit. Quia uero nonnunquam siraplicitas coaptat se uenie temperatque rigorem, predictum iuxta formam ecclesie ab- solutum ad uos duxiinus reraittendum auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus iiiiuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competent! eoque ad tempus etc. usque ad rait tat is. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati . Innotuit nobis uestrarum intellecta serie littera- rura quod D. raouacho latore prcsentiura iniicieute in quendam dia- couum man us teraere uiolentas, et absolutions beneficio nou obteuto diuina postmodum celebrante, ipsum pro absolutione obtinenda ad veuerabilem patrem dominum R. 1 sancti augeli diacouus cardinalis tuuc apostolice sedis legatum cum uestris litteris destinastis. Tan dem ab ipso cardiuali ab iniectione manuum absolute, quia in litteris quas uobis detulit de irregularitate quam iucurrerat mentio non fiebat, eundcm ad optinendam dispensationem super irregularitate sua ad sedem apostolicam transmisistis. Nos autem ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum uobis auctoritate domini pape nian- dantes quatenus eum ab executione suorum ordinum usque ad bieuuium suspendatis, postmodum si aliud canoiiicum non obsti- terit et eum per penitentiam uideris emendatum, ipsum ad execu- tionem dictorum ordiuum restituatis et permittatis iu eisdem libere miuistrare. LIY. DE EO QUI EXCOMMUNICATIOXIS IMMEMOR PROMOTUS EST AD ORDINES. Episcopo Barchinonensi. - presbiter mouachus lator pre- sentium humili nobis confessione moustrauit quod ipse olim in minoribus ordiuibus coustitutus in quosdam monachos socios suos maims uioleutas iniecit et ante absolutionem obtentam iuris ignarus factique immemor ad omnes sacros ordines est promotus, ministrans 1 This is in all probability Ricardo de Annibali, created cardinal deacon of Sant Angelo by Gregory IX. in 1240. lie was a warm friend and patron of St. Thomas Aquinas and died at the council of Lyons in 1274. Ciacconii Yit. Pontif. et Cardinaliuni, II. 88. LV., LVI. DE EXCOMMUNICATIONS. 73 nichilominus in eisdem. Cum autem ab excommunication e sit iuxla formam ecclesie absolutus super irregularitate quam inde contraxe- rat sibi petiit ex dispeusationis gratia subueniri. Nos autem ex fauore qui religioni debetur discretioni uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus iuiuncta ei etc. usque suspeuso. Post- modum si talis extiterit quod dispensationis gratiam mcreatur cum ipso super predictis misericord iter dispensetis. LY. DE EO QUI DUBITAT UTRUM SIT ABSOLUTUS AB EXCOMMUNICATION E. Abbati Bellilocensi. Ex confessione J. presbiteri monaclii mo- nasterii uestri preseutium latoris accepimus quod ipse in quendam presbiterum qui sibi contumeliosa dixerat uerba circa eifusionem sanguinis mauus uiolentas iniecit, et quia - prior suns presens non erat, ad quendam fratrem ipsius ordinis penitentiariiim - episcopi Andegauensis accedens sibi hec et alia fait confessus : qui eius audita confessione circa ipsum absolutionis usus est forma. Qui de tali facto confisus diuina misteria celebrauit. Verum uos postmodum dubitantes an dictus frater prcmissis habuit potestatem et timentes ne idem monachus notani irregularitatis incurrerit, ipsum ad sedem apostolicam destinastis. Quia uero in dubiis uia est eligenda securior prefatum iuxta formam ecclesie duximus ab- soluendum et ad uos remittimus absolutum auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus iniuncta ei etc. usque admittatis. LVI. DE EODEM ET DE EO QUI PARTICIPAVIT ExCOMMUNICATIS. Episcopo . Ex confessione - - presbiteri presentium latoris accepimus quod idem olim in quosdam clericos leniter manus uiolentas iniecit: participauit excommunicatis aliquibus non ex rnali- tia uel contemptu, et absolutionis exinde beueficio non obtento, cum non crederet se teneri iuris ignarus, diuina officia celebrauit. Cum autem intellexit processu temporis se in hiis deliquisse a diuinis 74 LVII. DE ABSOLUTIONE. LVIII. DE PERCUTIONE. abstinuit reuerenter, super quibus sibi petiit salutari consilio pro- uideri. Nos autem prefatum auctoritatc domini pape ab excomrmmicatione quam propter predicta incurrerat iuxta formam ecclesio duxiraus absoluendum etad uos remittimus absolutum uestre prudentie couimittcntes qnatenus iniuncta ei etc. usque admittatis. LVII. DE EODEM ET DE BEXEFICIO ABSOLUTIONS AD CAUTELAM. Episcopo - Ex parte R. presbiteri de - fuit propositum coram nobis quod licet ipse uon dubitet quod pro uiolenta manuum iniectione in clericos uiuculo excommunicationis astrictus ordines acceperit non solutus et ministrauit etiam in eisdem, tamen quia bonarum meutium est ibi culpas aguoscere ubi culpa uon est, supplicauit humiliter sibi ad cautelam et beneficium absolutionis impendi et dispensationis ianuam apcriri. Nos autem prudeutie uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quateuus si aliquid canouicum uon obsistat ad petita prefati R. desiderium admittatis. LVIII. DE EO QUI CREDENS PERCUTERE LAYCUM PERCUTIT CLERICUM. Episcopo - . Fuit propositum corani nobis quod manus quam extendebat in laycum lubrico improuidentie dilapsa in mo- uachum in casum incidit quern non preuidit : super quo siquidern dubium conscientiam preniat, petiit prouidentie rcmedio releuari. Quia uero in tali bus noununquam animi iudicio statur, et facta intention! deseruiunt, uon reputamus prefatum G. in casu premisso excommunication is uinculum incurrisse, cum non intenderet ilium impetere quern canon priuilegiat sententie promulgate: manus enim deuiatio uon condempnat quern intentionis directio non accusat. LIX., LX. DE EXCOMMUNICATIONS. 75 LIX. DE EO QUI CONTRA SE EXCOMMUNICATIONIS SENTENTIAM PROMULGAVIT. presbitcri petitio continebat quod cum idem nimia pau- pertate grauatus ipsius ecclesie librum furtiuc receptuin pignori obligasset, ad instantiam populi repetentis eundem in actorem furti excorumunicationis sententiam promulgauit et nichilominus se cele bration! inmiscuit diuinorum : quod cum ad notitiam sui archi- presbiteri peruenisset interdixit eundem. Sane cum restitutus sit liber ecclesie et propter uiarum pericula sedem apostolicam adire non possit, fuit humiliter postulatum sibi super hiis misericorditer prouideri. Cum igitur nemo seipsum absoluere ualeat uel ligare circumspection! uestre committimus quatenus si est ita, relaxata circa prefatum N. interdict! sententia et iniuncta ei penitentia salutari, demum si aliud cauonicum non obsistat ipsum ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis. LX. DE EO QUI NON CONFITETUR ExCOMMUNICATIONEM ET PETIT ABSOLVI. Archiepiscopo Barensi. Inuenimus alterum presbiterum archidiaconatus Salpeusis 1 presentium portitorem qui non tit oraret sed ut se iustificaret ascendens in templum, id dumtaxat in confessionem deduxit quod manus in episcopum proprium non iniecit, uemm licet ut asserit hoc eidem iupingatur ab emulis, in foro tamen sui arbitrii contra inimicum et defensorem se sane con- scientie exceptionem opponit. Verum cum alto et occulto iudicio conscientia reseruetur, et humane aures talia uerba recipiant qualia foris sonant, importune instantie reuertentis dicti uon innocentie testes sumus. 1 The suppressed see of Salpi was in the thirteenth century suffragan to the province of Bari. 76 LXI. LXII. LXIII. LXI. DE EO QUI HABITUS EST PRO EXCOMMUNICATO CL T M NON SIT. Episcopo Aquiaati. Relationem magistri G. cedilla continet pre- sentibus interclusa. Sane narratio facti offensurn non continet qua excommunicatiouis uinculum consueuit incurri. Verum propterea predictus magister pro excommunicato est habitus et sic ad uos remittitur absolutus. Vos autein si placet sic tractetis eundem ut uon plus excedat uindicta quain inueiiiatur iu excedente delictum. LXII DE EO QUI DEFENDENDO SEIPSUM EFFUDIT SANGUINEM IN CLERICO VEL REGULARI. Abbati - . Ex tenorc litterarum uestrarum et confessione - preseutium latoris accepiuius quod cum quidam prior socius suns dun s uerberibus ipsum affligeret et eius digitum constringeret dontibus ipse dum uini ui legitima defensione repelleret non in- ferens iuiuriani sod propulsans, sanguis e uaribus predicti prioris effluxit, proptor quod uos prefatum monachum de monasterio amouontos ipsum occasione cuiusdam constitutionis edite contra monachos eiusdem monasterii percussoros iuramento firmate, recipere denegatis. Super quo etc. Quia uero non credimus ad illos predictam constitutionem extendi qui seruato moderamine inculpate tutele ad defensionis remcdium manus repercussion is opponunt, predictum nionacliuni potostis recipere absque trans- gressione sic prestiti iuramenti. 1 LXIII. DE SENTENTIIS LEGATORUM. Archiepiscopo Tyrensi. P. capellanus ecclesie Tyrensis trans- missa nobis petitione monstrauit quod cum idem ad ousted iam 1 With some inconsiderable verbal differences this is a repetition of case 14 of No. XXV. LXIV. DE JURAMENTO RELAXATO. 77 Sydoniensis ecclesie pastore uacantis fuisset de mandate uestri capi- tuli deputatus uenerabilis pater - - Archiepiscopus Rauennas in transmarinis partibus legationis fungens officio, in ipsura pro eo quod ad mandatum eius equum et quasdam res ipsius ecclesie post resignatiouem administrationis sue decano et the- saurario eiusdem ecclesie nou donauit excommunicationis sententiam proraulgauit. Super quo si hi petiit apostolice sedis misericordia subueniri. Nos auteni de speciali mandate domini pape nobis facto per uenerabilem patrem dominum Thomam tituli sancte Sabine presbiterum cardinalem uobis committimus quatcnus predictum P. ab excommunicatione huiusmodi iuxta formani ecclesie absoluentes iniungatis ei penitentiam et alia que uideritis expedire. 1 LXIY. DE ElSDEM ET DE JURAMENTO RELAXATO. Adgaro Nuncio apostolice sedis in partibus Romanic. abbas sancte Marie de Calabrica premonstratensis ordinis lator pre- sentium domino pape proposuit quod cum magister Philippus eius dem domini clericus sibi apostolica auctoritate mandaret ut tcrtiam partem prouentuum et aliorum mobilium ecclesie supradicte coufer- ret eidem pro subsidio imperil Romanic, ipse priuilcgium libertatis allegans ordiui suo ab apostolica sede concessum de quo in rescripto apostolico mentio non ficbat, eius mandate non paruit in hac parte, et cum timeret ne ipsum et ecclesiam suam indebite aggrauaret, pre- sertim cum alii religiosi qui in partibus illis simili priuilegio gau- dent huiusmodi maudati uideutur exsortes, cum quibus paratus csset ipsius domini obedire mandatis duxit ad sedem apostolicam appel- landum. Ipse uero predicti abbatis appellatione contempta eum iurare coegit inuitum quod infra certum tempus tcrtiam soluerct memoratam : et quia prosecutus est appellationem quani fecerat ex communicationis in eum seutentiam promulgauit. Super quibus 1 The Archbishop of Kavenna alluded to in the above was Thierri, who was sent in 1234 by Gregory IX. to the Holy Land as his legate, with full powers (Rubei Hist. Ravennat. p. 407). The cardinal to whom the case was referred was Thomas of Capua, created cardinal priest of S. Sabina by Innocent III. in 1198. He survived till 1243 (Ciacconius, II. 36). He was frequently concerned in the affairs of the archbishops of Kavenna (Kubeus, pp. 389, 392, 78 LXV. DE SEXTENTIIS JUDICUM ETC. sibi petiit apostolice sedis misericordia subueniri. Nos autem de special! mandate domiiii pape nobis facto per ueuerabilem patrem dominuni J. de Columpna tituli sancte Praxedis presbiterum cardi- nalern, 1 prefatum - abbatem ab huiusmodi iuramento et ex- coramunicationis sententia duxiraus absoluendum et ad uos remitti- rnus absolutum prouidentes de gratia dispensationis eidera si forsan raedio tompore celebraudo aliquid irrcgularitatis mean-it. LXV. DE SEXTEXTILS JrorcuM PROPTER COXTUMACIAM PROMULGATES. Archiepiscopo Remensi. Pro magistro J. subdiacono Remensi fuit propositum coram nobis quod cum olim layci quidam coram officiali uestro de ipso querimoniam detulissent, priusquam ad eum citationis peruenerit cdictum parisius adiit in studio raora- turus. Sane cum sacerdos suns parochialis ad mandatum officialis eiusdem ipsum absentera eitaret in publico nee pro eo ali- <|iiis eompareret contra eum utdicitur excommunicationis sentcntiam promulgauit. Cumque lapsu temporis rouersus ad propria facti cepisset haberc notitiam, quibusdam religiosis et discretis uiris eum credentibu.s et dicentibus predicta sententia non teneri, sollempniter epistolam legit in missa ; deinum prudentiorum usus consilio ab executione suoruin ordinum abstinuit reuerenter. Yerum cum ab huiusmodi excommunicationis sententia sit ut dicitur absolutus et de liiis propter quo lata fuerat satisfecerit compcteuter, petitum est humiliter sibi super aliis de misericordia sedis apostolice proui- deri. Nos autem etc. quatenus si est ita iniimcta ei peuitentia etc. usque admittatis. 1 This is Giovanni Colonna, created cardinal priest of S. Prassede by Honorius III. in 12ir>, who survived till 1245 (Ciacconius, II. 58). The levy alluded to in the above was made in 1238 by Gregory IX. on the churches of Greece for the benefit of the struggling Latin empire of Constanti nople " Philippum clericum pontificium in Grseciam misit ut ex omnibus viris ecclesiasticis Patracensis, Corinthiensis, Thebani atque Atheniensis archiepiscopa- tuum tertiam vectigalium ac bonorum mobilium convertendum colligeret." Ray- nald. Annal. ann. 1238 n. 3. LXV. DE SENTENTIIS JUDICUM ETC. 79 DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Fratris Symonis canonici sancti Quintini Beluaccnsis ordinis sancti Augustini transmissa petitio coutinebat, quod ipse olim clericus secularis existeus, cuidam excomnmnicato cum suis participautibus comraunicauit in missa, et cum ex hoc non crederet se teneri ad ordines subdiaconatus et diaconatus accessit in seculo, et in religione ordinem presbiteratus assumpsit et ministrauit nichilominus in eisdem. Super quibus ftiit liuiniliter postulatum etc. Nos autem etc. quatenus prefato S. ab excommunicatione huius- modi iuxta formam ecclesic absolute ct iniuncta ei penitentia etc. usque admittatis. DE P:ODEM. (3). Episcopo Troianensi. Humili nobis - - monachi monasterii Turremaioris latores preseutium confessione monstrauerunt quod cum G. abbas eorum uillam sancti Seue[rini ?] et cahtriun sancti Audree ad ipsum monasterium pertinentes in nianus impcratoris alienare illicite presumpsisset, ipsi nietu perterriti ac per abbatem compulsi alicnationi huiusmodi consenserunt. Vcrum cum per uos et collegam uestrum ex delegatioue apostolica fuissent postmodum uinculo excommunication is astricti, ab eodem abbate coacti per sub- tractionem necessariorum et uictus diuina officia celebrarunt. Super quibus apostolice sedis miser icordiam implorarunt, sperantes apud illius uicarium qui cum iratus fuit non obliuiscitur misereri, sibi misericordie ianuam aperiri. Clamauerunt siquidem diu, pro- pulsarunt supplicationibus et lacrimis supplicaruut, sed frequenti eorum instancie frequentem opposuit qualitas offense repulsam, ne facilitas venie incentiuum tribueret delinquendi. Sane uinci uoluit dominus supplicatione humili cananee discipulorum adiuta suffragiis ; uinci uoluit et eius uicarius supplici hu militate peccantium, petitio- nem eorum nobilium plurium interuentione sutfultam ad gratiam exauditionis admittens, presertim cum ipsorum culpa processisse credatur ex iniuria presidentis. Quia uero in archa federis et uirga continebatur et manna, ut dicti post correptiouis uirgam absolutiouis mannam degustent, ipsos de speciali mandate domiui pape ab excommunicatione huiusmodi iuxta formam ecclesie abso- lutos ad uos duximus remittendos uestre prouidentie committentes quateuus iniuucta eis pro modo culpe penitentia competenti infra 80 LXVI. DE SENTENTIIS OBDIXARII. claustrum ciusdcm monasterii peragcnda, et ipsos ad tempus etc. usque obsistat etc. per dispensationis gratiam misericordie ianuara aperiatis eisdem. 1 DE EODEM. (4). Judicibus - . Abbatis sancte Euphemie transmissa petitio continebat quod cum inter ipsum et quendem laycum corarn uobis super quibusdam possessiouibus ex delegatione apostolica questio ucrtcretur, et idem laycus obtinuisset in causa, uos in eum excom- municationis sententiam protulistis nisi congruc satisfaceret illi super possession i bus memoratis. Sane licet inxta uestri tenorem mandati eidem luyco satisfecerit compctenter, quia tamen dubitat ne notam irregularitatis incurrerit pro eo quod se diuinis immiscuit priusquam per uos esset predicta sententia relaxata, sedis apostolice misericordiam implorauit humiliter supplicans sibi super hiis de ipsius prouidentia subueniri. Xos auteni etc. quatenus cum de satisfactione huiusmodi uobis constiterit ipsum a predicta sententia absoluatis et iniuncta ei pro culpe inodo etc. usque admittatis. LXVI. DE SENTENTIIS OKDINARII. Archiepiscopo Remensi. Henricum de Bosco militem crucesig- natum cathalaunensis diocesis profiscentem in terre sancte subsi- dium de speciali mandato dornini pape nobis facto per ucnerabilem patrem dominum Thomam tituli sancte Sabine presbiterum cardi- nalem, ob crucis reuerentiam et ne uotum retardaretur eiusdem, absoluimus ab excommunicationis sententia quam remense capitu- lura et official s uester ad instautiam ipsius capituli promulgarunt, pro eo quod ipse cum fratre suo ceperat quondam burgensem P. dominum hierosolimitanum [?J qui de ipsorum iurisdictione con- sistit, ei ducentas libras prouentus forciarunt, de qui bus idem H. Ixiii habtiit inique subtractis ; maudantes eidem sub debito iura- 1 Tli is evidently refers to some incident in the quarrel between the Holy See and Frederic II. In 1239 the Emperor seems to be in possession of the fief of 8. Severus or Severinus (Huillard-Breholles, Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. V. p. 515). It had previously been the cause of some trouble to him for which he ordered its defences destroyed (Ib. T. III. p. 197). LXVI. DE SENTENTIIS ORDINARII. 81 menti ut infra duoruni mensiuni spacium postquam redicrit de partibus transmarinis predicto burgcnsi satisfaciat de subtractis. Quod si satisfacere forte contempserit ipsum in excommunica- tionis uinculum reducatis, facientes earn usque ad satisfactionem condiguam inuiolabiliter obseruari. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Aquinati. A. canonieus Aquinas lator presentiura pro- posuitcoram uobis quod cum uos olim ipsum inuitum ac disciplinis 1 scholasticis insistentem, uelletis ad ordinem sacerdotii promoueri, idem ne reuocaretur a studio quod inceperat sedem apostolicam appellauit. Verum cum ad uos postmoduni litteras apostolicas impetrasset ut eidem studeudi liceutiam usque ad quinquennium preberetis uec interim ad susceptionem sacerdotalis officii cogeretis eundem, uos tain mandato quani prccibus apostolicis obmiditis id efficere non curastis. Super quibus apostolice sedis clementiam adiit humiliter supplicans eius sedis prouidentia subueniri. Nos autem de speciali mandato domini pape nobis facto per uenerabilem pa- trem dominum J. de Columpna tituli sancte Praxedis presbiterum cardinalem, predictum A. ab huiusmodi sententia duximus absoluen- dum et ad uos remittimus absolutum. Super absolutione sua etc. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Virdunensi. R. canonieus ecclcsie sancti Mauri Antonis castri lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod cum eadem ecclesia subsit immediate dccano et capitulo ecclesie Virdu- nensis et archidiaconus de Riparia infra fines archidiacona- tus sui earn asserens esse sitam, iurisdictioni sui uindicare contcn- deret, ipse ne indebite molestaretur, eundem ad sedem apostolicam appellauit. Sane cum predictus archidiaconus eius appellatione contempta excommunicationis in eum senteutiam promulgasset, ipse de appellationis confisus suffragio in suis ordinibus ministrauit. Unde cum premisse appellationis negotium ad dictos indices obti- nuerit delegari supplicauit super aliis salutari sibi consilio subueniri. Nos autem prudentie uestre etc. quatenns postquam prefatus R. ab excommunicatione huiusmodi absolutus uel deuuutiatus fuisset non teneri, iniuncta ei pro culpe modo etc. usque admittatis. 1 Discipulis, MS. 82 LXVII. DE SENTENTIA POST APPELL ATIO NE M . LXYII. DE SENTEXTIA LATA POST APPELLATIONEM. Priori sancti Laurentii de Spello. Sua nobis G. elericus lator presentium confessione monstrauit quod cum uenerabilis dominus R. sanctc Marie in Cosmedin diaconus cardinalis 1 olim rector duca- tus Spoleti sibi custodiani reruin raonasterii sancti Silvestri Subasii commisisset, postmodum - - Abbas eiusdem monasterii men- tionem non faeiens de premissis ad - - Camerinensem episco- pura et collets eius contra eum apostolicas litteras impetrauit, qui post appellationem ad sedem apostolicam interiectam excommuni- cationis in eum sententiam proratilgauit, et licet dictus ad- ministrationis sue reddita ratione per uenerabilem patrem dominum J. de Colutnpna tituli sancti Praxedis presbiteruin cardinalem tune eiusdem ducatns rectorem ab excommunicationc predicta fuit abso- lutus iteruni tanien petebat al>solui. Nos autein de special! raan- dato doraini pape ab excommunicatione predicta ipsum iterato abfioluimus ad cautelam sibi super absolutions sua presentes lit teras in testimonium concedentes, presertim cum paratus sit de predictis reddere rationcni. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Tullensi. - presbiter lator presentium proposuit coram uobis quod cum a uobis in quadam causa . pro certo graua- mine appellant, uos ipsius appellatione contempta in eum excom- municatiouis sententiam promulgastis. Sed idem, turn quia late sententie certitudinem non liabcbat, turn (juia de appellationis con- fitebat suiFragio a sui executione officii non cessauit. Verum post- quam ad eius notitiam per litteras uestras sententia predicta perue- nit reuerenter abstinuit a diuinis. Sane cum circa ipsum sit per 1 Rainerio Capoccio, created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Cosraedin by In nocent III. in 1198. He is said to have lived until 1250 or 1251. His legation in the duchy of Spoleto occurred under the pontificate of Gregory IX. (Ciacco- nius, II. 34). Cardinal Colonna must have been his immediate successor as his government of the duchy was from 1228 to 1231 (Ib. p. 58). Spello is a village near Foligno. LXVII. DE SENTENTIA POST APP E LL ATIONEM . 83 uos huiusmodi senteutia relaxata, supplicauit humiliter ut si pro eo quod sicut dictum est celebrauit aliquid irregularitatis incurrit per prouidentiam sedis apostolicc tolleretur. Quocirca com mitti mus quatenus si dictis veritas suffragatur ad petita prefati N. desiderium admittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Archiepiscopo Terraconensi. prioris latoris presentium relatio continebat quod quidara indices delegati in ipsum post ap- pellationem ad sedem apostolicam legitime intericctam excommu- nicationis sententiam promulgarunt, et licet postmodum predicta sententia denunciata fuerit csse nulla et principalis (juestio apud sedem apostolicam rimata, quia tamen rnedio tompore in suis orcli- uibus ministrauit, supplicauit a sede apostolica salutari sibi consilio protiideri. Nos autem etc. usque quatenus si constat sententia ipsa tenuisse predicta [sic] non reputetis prefatum priorem ex huius modi administratione teneri ; alioquin predicta sententia per eos qui tulerunt legitime relaxata, iniuugatis ei penitentiam salutarem et ipsum ad terapns prout cxpedire uideritis susj)onsum etc. usque dispensetis. DE EODEM. (4). Archiepiscopo Tarantasiensi. Ex parte J. presbiteri uestre dio- cesis fuit propositum coram uobis quod cum inter ipsum et queu- dam priorem super reuocatione cuiusdam seuteutie coram J. eiusque collegis questio uerteretur, idem ex hoc sentiens se grauari quod predict! indices rescript! copiam denegabant, ad sedem apostolicam appellauit. Cumque in eum nolentem ipsornm parere iudicio ex- communicationis sententiam promulgassent. Ipse de appellationis confisus remedio diuina officia celebrauit. Sane cum sicut asseritur sit compositum iuter partes et propter parochiam sibi commissam sedem apostolicam adire non possit dispeusationis gratiam obteutu- rus, fuit humiliter postulatum sibi super hiis de ipsius misericordia subueniri. Nos autem etc. quateuus postquam dictus J. a seutentia huiusmodi absolutus uel denunciatus fuerit non teneri, iniuucta ei etc. usque obsistat, dispensationis ianuam aperiatis eidem. 84 LXVIII. LXIX. LXX. LXVIII. DE MONACHO APPELANTE AB ABBATE suo. Abbati sancti Gregorii de Venetiis, ordinis saucti Benedicts P. raonachum ucstrura latorem present iuni quern post appella- tionem ad sedem apostolicam interiectam cxcommunicastis ut asserit pro oo quod quasdam obseruantias iniunctas a uobis preter ordinis instituta seruare nolebat, auctoritate summi pon- tificis ad uos duximus reinittenduni ut ipsuin secunduni formam ecclesie relaxetis, acturi inisericorditer cum eodem. LXIX. DE ABIIATISSA QUE EXCOMMUNICAVIT MONIALES SUAS. Penitentiario Rothomagensi. Ex parte mouialium sancti Araandi Rothomagensis 1 fuit pro])osituni corain uobis quod cum - - ab- batissa eiusdem loci in quasdam muniales excommunicationis uerbo sit usa etastrinxerit uinculo iuramenti ne - - moniali auxilium et consiliuin impenderent aut fauoreni ; eedem predicte sorori ne ipsam ogestas inclinaret ad turpia manum auxilii porrexerunt. Super quibus scdis apostolice misericord iam iinplorarunt, humiliter supplicantes ut earuni fragilitati super hoc prouidere misericorditer dignaretur. Nos autein considerantes quod licet sexus conditio auctoritatein excominunicandi non habeat, tamen propter trans- gressionis affectum tarn circa inaiidatum editum quarn prestiti iuramenti, predictis nionialibus iniungatis penitentiam salutareni, uon immemores olei post rigorem. LXX. DE COMMITTENDA ABSOLUTIONS IN GfiNERE PRO MONACHIS. Etsi de iure possitis nionachos uestros absoluere iniicientes manus uiolentas in seipsos, ut tamen salubrius uestre conscientie 1 The abbey of Saint Amand de Rouen was a leading Benedictine nunnery, founded between 1030 and 1040 and existing until the Revolution of 1789. (Fisquet, op. clt. Rouen, p. 458). LXXI. DE EO QUI VOCATUS AD SINODUM ETC. 85 consulatur, uobis auctoritate doraini pape comniittimus quatenns post mutuam satisfactionem exhibitam sibi ipsis eos iuxta formani ecclesie absoluatis, iniungentes eis penitentiam salutarem. LXXI. DE EO QUI VOCATUS AD SINODUM NON VENIT ET EXCOMMU- NICATUS ET SUSPENSUS PROPTER HOC CELEBRAVIT. Episcopo Eduensi. M. presbiter lator present! inn nol)is humili confessione monstrauit quod idem suspensus a uobis pro eo quod uocatus ad synodum non accessit, ignorantia iuris diuina prosunipsit officia celebrare. Super quo humiliter supplicauit apostolice sedis dementia sibi misericorditer subueniri. Nos autem predictum auctoritate domini pape ad uos duximus remittendum uestre prudeutie committentes ut competeiitis satisfactioue penitentie temerarie celebrationis culpa ])tirgata et interdict! relaxetis sen- tentiam et si aliud cauonicum non obsistat cum eo misericorditer dispensetis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Vespriniiensi. 1 Ex tenore litterarum uestrarnm accepi- mus quod J. presbiter, lator presentium, excommunicatus a uobis pro eo quod uocatus ad synodum uon accessit per dimidinm annum diuiua celebrare presumpsit, absolutiouis beueficio uou obteuto, propter quod ipsum ad sedem apostolicam cum uestris litteris transmisistis dispensations gratiam petiturum. Nos autem pre- fatuni ad uos qui de meritis eius potestis habere uotitiam pleniorem duximus remitteudum auctoritate summi pontificis uestre prudentie committentes quod predicto J. ab excommunicatione huiusmodi iuxta formam ecclesie absolute ac iniuncta ei pro culpe modo peniteutia competenti, ad tempus uestre discretiouis arbitrio limitandum ab executioue officii suspeudatis euudem. Demuni si eidem et uite meritum et fame testimonium suffragabitur aliudque canonicum etc. usque admittatis. 1 Veszprem, Hungary. 86 LXXII., LXXIII. DE EXCOMMUNICATO CELEBRANTE. LXXII. DE EG QUI EXCOMMUNICATUS ET SUSPENSUS AB ORDINARIO suo CELEBRAVIT DIVINA. Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. F. presbiter lator presentium, qui sicut ex littcris uestris accepimus olim a suo decano suspeusus et excommunicatus existens celebrare diuina presumpsit, domino pape humiliter supplicauit ut cum ipso circa quem suspensions et ex- oommunicationis sententias relaxastis, super irregularitate quani in- currerat dignaretur misericord iter dispensare. Quia uero pulsanti sic decet misericord ie iauuam aperiri, quod non soluatur omnino uinculum ecclesiastice discipline, prudentie uestrc auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus prcfato pro modo culpe iniuncta peni- teutia competent! eoque ad tempus etc. usque suspense. Demum si idem bone uite fuerit et conuersationis honeste, alio canonico non obstaute, ipsum admittatis. LXXIII. DE EO QUI IGNORAT SENTENTIAM LATAM AB EPISCOPO suo CONTRA BUM ET CELEBRAT. Episcopo Mutinensi. - diaconus lator preseutium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod cum olim uicarius uester in ipsum auctoritate uestra excommunicationis senteutiam promulgasset, ipse antequam ad CM us peruenisset notitiam facti nescius in diacouatus officio ministrauit. Verum ne alicuius emuli lingua in ipsum alicuius occasionem detractionis assumat petiit ad cautelam sue innocentie a sedis apostolice prouidentia subueniri. Nos autem prefatum - - auctoritate domiui pape ad uos duximus remit- tendum uestre prudentie committentes quatenus si est ita huius excommunicationis sententia iuxta formam ecclesie relaxata et iniuncto ei quod fuerit iniungendum ad petita prefati desiderium admittatis. LXXIV., LXXV. DE EXCOMMU NIC ATIS. 87 LXXIV. DE EXCOMMUNICATIS IN GENERE PROPTER CULPAM SUAM. Abbati - . Intelleximus per litteras uestras ad sedem desti- natas quod F. et P. monachi uestri a bone mernorie predecessor uestro exigeutibus culpis suis excommunicationis uinculo innodati, absolutionis beneficio non adepto, in sacerdotali ordine ministrarunt Verum cum iidem sint a uobis ab excommunicatione ipsa iuxta formam ecclesie absoluti ac iuiuncta cis pcnitentia ab executione officii duxeritis suspendendos, sedem pro ipsis humiliter supplicastis ut super executione officii cum F. P. et P. [sic] qui propter innrmi- tatem ad apostolicam sedem laborare non possunt dominus papa misericorditer dispensaret. Quia uero irregularibus qui conuersa- tioni publice subtrabuntur in talibus minus scandali consueuit oriri, auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus predictis F. et P. ad tempus prout expedire uideritis in sui officii suspensione rctentis, demum si alias etc. usque admittatis. LXXV. DE EO QUI COMMUNICAVIT EXCOMMUNICATIS A DOMINO PAPA, ET PROMOVETUR NON ABSOLUTUS. Episcopo . G. presbiter lator presentium nobis humiliter est confessus quod ipse acolitus olim existens quondam L. Yarmatiensi episcopo auctoritate apostolica excommunicationis uinculo innodato, 1 quia cum exercitu hostiliter intrauerat marchiam, adhcrerc pre- sumpsit et aliquandiu mansit in ipso exercitu simili excommuuica- tione ligato, ut sibi necessaria uite acquireret in eodem nou bellatoris gerens officium sed citoris [?], et postmodum iuris iguarus ad omnes sacros ordines est promotus et longo tempore ministrauit in ipsis, absolutionis beueficio non obteuto. Tandem ipsius ignorantia per altering reuelata prudentiam, culpam propriam ex aliena doctrina 1 This is no doubt Lupold von Schonfeldt Bishop of Worms, a bellicose prelate who was excommunicated in 1204 for adhering to Philip of Suabia against Otho IV. He died in 1217 (Schannat, Hist. Episcopatus Wormatiensis, I. 364). The above case is apparently considerably posterior to the latter date. 88 LXXVI. DE EO QUI CELEBRAT ETC. cognoscens, absolutus a uobis apostolice sedis elementiam adiit, misericord iam petiturus. Qnia uero noununqiiam simplicitas coaptat so uenie tomperatque rigorem, Nos eundem presbiterum ad uos duximus remittendum auetoritate doniini pape uostre prudentie comraittentes quateuus iniuucta ei etc. usque adniittatis. LXXVI. DE EO QUI CELEBRAT EXCOMMUNICATIS PRESENTIBUS. Episcopo Xoruicensi. 1 Thomas presbiter cauonicus SancteTrini- tatis de - - nobis humili confessione moostrauit quod idem olim ad mandatum c-uiusdam inclusi cui de suo sacerdotio seruiebat, quosdam barones excommunicatos in genere pro eo quod illustri regi Anglic rcbelles extiteraut ad audientiam diuinorum recepit, et iuris ignarus eis presentibus celebrauit. Super quo apostolice sedis cleraentiam adiit et ad hostium misericordie eius multa pulsauit in- stantiadiu et hu mi liter supplicans sibi dispensationis ianuani aperiri. Xos autem auctoritate domini pape etc. quateuus considerate quid liceat, quid decent et (juid expediat cum predicto T. de misericordia que superexaltat iudicio, alio non obstante canonico, dispensetis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Varadieusi. Ex tenore litterarum uestrarum accepimus quod cum nobilis uir - - essot, auctoritate uenerabilis patris 1 This is evidently the well-known Legate Pandulph, who was elected bishop of Norwich in 1218, was consecrated in 1222 and died there in 1226. (Le Neve, Fast. Eccles. Anglic. II. 400). He was not a cardinal as frequently erroneously assumed (Ciacconius, I. 1114). The above case is probably an incident in the disturbances of the opening years of Henry III., when the Legate Guala distributed excommunications with a lavish hand. " Non cessabat legatus comminari, excommunicare, interdicere, sed pro nihilo reputabatur apud illos ejus sententia. Objiciebant non solum illi sed etiam domino Papae quod, muneribus excu catus et cupiditate devictus, supplanta- ret judicium et quod rectum est perverteret." (Rogeri de Hoveden Contin. ann. 121(5, op. Dora Bouquet, XVIII. 183.) At the capture of Lincoln in 1217 (the Fair of Lincoln as it was called) the churches afforded no asylum to those who had sought refuge there. "Dieebatur hoc ex conscientia fact um legati qui in exercitu regio aderat, eo quod clerici civitatis rebelles ei extiterant, et ob hoc et ipsje ecclesiae contaminate et ipsi nihilominus qui ad ecclesiie immunitatem con- fugerant excommunicati." (Ibid. ann. 1217, p. 184). LXXVII. DE EXCOMMUXICATO CELEBRANTE. 89 episcopi Prenestrini elect!, 1 tune apostolice sedis legati, exigeute ipsius contumacia excommunicationis uinculo inuodatus, latores preseutium eiusdem excomraunicationis incerti eo presente celebrauere diuina. Sed postquam late sententie pleuam appre- hendere notitiam a prefati nobilis communione cessarunt. Verum quia dubii incertum indicium eorum cordibus scandalum ingerit, supplicarunt humiliter eorum conscientiis misericorditer prouideri. Nos autem - - prefatis consuete absolutionis remedio proui- dentes, ipsos ad uos duximus remittendos auctoritate domini pape uestre prudentie committentes quatenus iniuncta eis etc. usque admittatis, prouiso tamen ut plus contemptus sen inalitia quam negligentia puniatur. LXXVII. DE EO QUI EXCOMMUXICATUS IX GEXERE EST PRO FuRTO ET CELEBRAT. Episcopo . D. presbiteri latoris presentium petitio con- tiuebat quod quibusdam rebus ab ecclesia quadam furtiue subtractis, a uobis sub quodam generalitatis inuolucro uinculo excommunica tionis astrictus, Juris [ignarus] et simplicitate errore laborans nou abstinuit a diuinis. Verum cum furtum congrua satisfactione purga- uerit et a uobis absolutionis beneficium sit adeptus super presumptioue celebrationis huiusmodi sedis apostolice clementiam adiit, supplicans humiliter sibi misericordie ianuam aperiri. Quia uero nonnuu- quam simplicitas coaptat se uenie, et consueuit interdum iguorantia temperare rigorem, circumspection! uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quateuus prefato - - presbitero pro culpe modo iniuncta peuitentia competent! ac eo ad tempus etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Regfi. Sicut ex litteris uestris accepimus, R. presbiter lator preseutium excommunicationem a uobis in illos qui Jibrum 1 This may possibly be Giacomo de Pecorario, created cardinal bishop of Pnles- trina by Gregory IX. in 1231, who was sent as papal legate to Hungary (Ughelli Italia Sacra I. 237; Ciacconius, II. 86). Or it may be Stephen Archbishop of Gran who in 1252 or 1253 was raised to the same dignity by Innocent IV. (Ughelli I. 239; Ciacconius II. 131) and performed the functions of legate. He distinguished himself by excommunicating King Bela IV. 7 90 LXXVIII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT ETC. quendam furati fuerint generaliter promulgatam incurrit, et ignarus iuris diuina celebrauit officia non solutus. Sane cum circa ipsum per uos fuerit predicte scntentie uinculum relaxatum super aliis domino papc humiliter supplicastis ut secuni dignaretur rniseri- corditer dispensare. Quocirca discrctioue uestre etc. quatenus iniuncta ei etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Kpiscopo . Ex teuore litterarum uestrarum et coufes- sione B. presbiteri latoris presentium diocesis uestre acoepimus quod cum essent in parochia cuiusdain ecclesie in qua ipse pres- biter seruiebat quedam furto sublata, persona illius ecclesie omnes illos qui haberent predicta, monitione premissa, excommunication is laqueo innodauit. Verum cum ad man us ipsius huiusmodi pecuenis- sent idem A. [sic] ea scienter rctinens in sacerdotali ordine tanquam simplex et iuris ignarus diuina misteria celebrauit. Qui tamen bis propter hoc apostolorum limina uisitans absolutionis beneficium et dispensationis gratiam instanter et humiliter postulauit. Volentes igitur pulsanti tociens sic misericordie ianuam aperire quod non soluatur omnino uinculum ecclesiastice discipline auctoritate domini pape prouidentie uestre committimus ut ipso secundum forniam ecclesie absolute ab executione ordinum suorum ad tempus iuxta nest rum arbitrium limitatum suspendetis eundem, et alias iuiuncta ei penitentia competenti, si honeste uite et laudabilis couuersatiouis etc. LXXVIII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT EXCOMMUNICATIONS TENERI CUM NON SIT EXCOMMUNICATUS. Episcopo Cremonensi. Proposuit coram nobis magister J. canonicus plebis de Stipertino lator preseutium quod in - archipresbiterum et capitulum plebis eiusdem lata fuit excommu- nicationis sententia pro eo quod clericum - ad maudatum apostolicum nolebant recipere in canonicum et in fratrem. Sane licet idem J. non atf uisset in huius receptione mandati nee in pro- posito gereret iussioui apostolice contraire imo prout potuit cum sciuit clericum memoratum reccpit, quia tamen ipsius conscientiam LXXVIII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT ETC. 91 dubitationis urgebat aciileus ne predicta sententia ligaretur, cum esset de capitulo umis, postulauit in hoc dubio per absolu tionis beneficium ad cautelam sibi de misericordia subueniri. Nos autem de spcciali mandate domini pape ne in huiusmodi causa ei cautele deesset remedium predictum J. absoluimus ad cautelam prouidentes de gratia dispensationis cidem si forsan in dubio aliquid irregulari- tatis incurrit. 1 1 This case illustrates the vain resistance made by the local churches to the absorption of their benefices by the popes in favor of the creatures of the curia At this period it was an abuse of recent origin but of constantly increasing pro portions. In 1237 Eobert Grosseteste, in vigorously remonstrating with the legate, Cardinal Otto, who demanded for an appointee of his own a prebend in the church of Lincoln which had already been filled, points out that another of his best prebends had already been grasped by a nephew of Pope Gregory IX. He admits however the power of the Holy See-"Scio et veraciter scio domini papse et sanctse Romanse ecclesiae hanc esse potestatem ut de omnibus beneficiis ecclesiasticis libere possit ordinare." Continued battling with such intrusions however hardened Grosseteste s temper and when in 1253 Innocent IV. claimed another prebend in Lincoln for his nephew Frederic, still a child, with a dispensa tion for non-residence, he rebelled. The pope sent a mandate to Boniface Arch bishop of Canterbury to seize the prebend for Frederic and excommunicate any one who should resist, which led to Grosseteste s celebrated letter defying the pope. His reverence for the Holy See, he said, was too great for him to obey an order which was akin to the doings of Antichrist and Lucifer, and he endured philosophically the consequent excommunication until his death shortly after wards. (Rob. Grossetest Epist. 49, 128, M. R. Series, 144, 432.) Perhaps he may have been strengthened in this by the spirited protest of St. Louis to Innocent IV. about 1247. In this the king states that this abuse had never been attempted before Innocent III. introduced it: his successors Hono- rius III. and Gregory IX. had developed it rapidly and now Innocent IV. was multiplying it without stint "sed omnes pra?decessores vestri, ut publice dicitur, non dederunttot beneficia quot vos solus dedistis isto modico tempore quo rexistis ecclesiam vestram. Et si successor vester in tantum excederet vos in hoc sicut excessistis preedecessores vestros certe ipse conferret communia [omnia] beneficia .... Nunc autem quia contra omne jus prseferuntur extranei indigenis et nods prseferuntur ignoti, perit servitium Dei in ecclesiis, immo de multis eorum igno- ratur utrum unquam nati fuerunt." Gravam. Eccles. Gallican. (Fascic. Rer Expetend. Ed. 1690, II. 240.) It was in vain that St. Louis, finding remonstrance useless, endeavored to put a stop to this by his Pragmatic Sanction of 1268 (Isambert, Anc. Loix Franp. I. 339). The claim was too profitable to the Holy See not to be extended and in 1319 John XXII. boldly assumed to himself the patronage of all the prebends in every collegial church in Latin Christendom (Villani Chronica Lib. xi. c. 20). Papal acquisitiveness however was not satisfied with the prebends but extended itself over all benefices and emoluments of every kind. In 1385 Charles V. de clared in an Ordonnance that the cardinals had seized all the preferment in the 92 LXXIX. DE EO QUI PORTAT ETC. LXXIX. DE EO QUI PORTAT RES VETITAS SARACENIS. Episcopo Castellanensi. V. et M. preseutium portitorcs qui sicut ex litteris ucstris accepimus in Alexandriam cum rebus uetitis oauigarunt, per uobilem uirum ducem Venetorum in reditu lucro priuati, non habent in bouis imde satisfacere ualeant iuxta consti- tutioneni roncilii generalis, 1 pro quibus uestra paternitas postulauit kingdom benefices, abbeys, priories, orphanages, hospitals etc. from which they exacted the last penny of revenue and carried it out of the kingdom, leaving the monasteries without monks, the churches without ministers sufficient for divine service, and allowing little or nothing for repairs of the fabrics, so that all were falling into ruin. Wherefore, after deliberating with his lieges, he ordered all these revenues to be seized and applied to the purposes for which they had been bestowed on the Church (Martene et Durand, Thesaurus, I. 161 2-1 (5). This may have checked the absorption of the benefices by the cardinals, but if so it only changed the methods of exaction, for in 1415 we find the Parlement of Paris de liberating on the abuse "sur ce que comme ceux qui vouloient estre pourveus a prelatures et dignitez et autres benefices transportoient pecunes et finances, et exigoient les gens du pape si grandes finances tant pour les vacances que aucune- ment et tellement que 1 on disoit que ceux qui pouvoient plus finer de finances avoient plus grandes esperances d estre pourveus, et en especial que dernierement puis un an a 1 occasion de 1 evesche de Beauvais vacant avoient este levez et mis hors de ce royaume plus de trente ou quarante mil escus et ainsi d autres biens selon leur qualite, en la grande oppression de ce royaume et esclandre de la saincte Eglise" (Preuves des Libertez de 1 Eglise Gallicane, Paris, 1651, II. n. 159). The curia was insatiable however and listened to no remonstrances. The French prelates at the Council of Siena in 1423 complained that all the benefices of the kingdom were sold by the curia so that the churches were ground to the earth and reduced to desolation. (Jo. de Ragusio Init. et Prosec. Basiliens. Concil. ap. Acta et Monum. Concil. Sc. XV. I. 32). Germany was equally afilicted. See the Articuli de Reformntione presented to Martin V. in 141 8 at Constance by the German Nation (Von der Hardt, I. xxn. p. 1000). In spite of concordats and pragmatic sanctions the abuse continued till the Reformation, as seen in the Gravamina Germanicce Nationis in 1510 and the Oratio in Comitiis Augastanis in 1518 (Freher et Struvius, II. 667, 702). That their complaints were not exaggerated is visible in the registers of Leo X. which are full of presentations to benefices throughout Europe, and of pensions assigned to papal officials on churches and religious houses (Hergenrother, Regest. Leon. X. pa*im). 1 Excommunicarnus preterea et anathematizamus illos falsos et impios Christianos qui contra ipsum Christum et populum Christianum Saracenis arma, ferrura et lignamina deferunt galearmn : eos etiam qui galeas eis vendunt vel naves, quique in piraticis Saracenorum navibus curam gubernationis exercent, vel in machinis LXXX., LXXXI. DE EXCOMM UNIC ATIONE. 93 misericordie sibi ianuam aperiri. Nos autem ipsos ad uos iuxta formam ecclesie absolutes duximns remittendos auctoritate domini pape uestre prudentie committentes qtiatenus pensatis facultatibus ipsorum faciatis eos satisfacere sub debito iuramenti prestiti prout possunt, supplentes nichilominus facultatum defectum adiectione penitentie salutaris. LXXX. DE EXCOMMUNICATO A DELEGATO PROPTER CONTUMACIAM ET EXPIRAT EIUS AUCTORITAS. Episcopo Veronensi. T. presbiteri monachi sancte Marie de Organ, in Verona latoris presentium petitio continebat quod oil in excommunicatus ab Ubaldo canonico Mantuanensi iudice a sede apostolica delegate pro eo duntaxat quod prefixa die non comparuit coram eo ? ex ignorantia iuris diuina officia celebrauit. Sane cum sopita sit questio propter quam fuerat ad indicium euocatus, et pre- dicte delegati auctoritas sicut asserint expirarit, hurailiter petiit sibi super hiis ab apostolica sede misericorditer subueniri. Nos autem de special! mandate domini pape etc. quatenns si est ita prefatum ab huiusmodi sententia iuxta formam ecclesie absoluatis et iniuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competeuti etc. usque admittatis. LXXXI. DE EO QUI EXCOMMUNICATUS FUIT PROPTER VICESIMAM DETENTAM ET DECESSIT ANTEQUAM PERVENIANT AD EUM LlTTERE ABSOLUTIONIS. Episcopo Segobiensi. Olim sicut meminimus M. Jo. clericus Segobiensis a nobis pro absolutione litteras impetrauit, super eo quod aut quibusdam aliis aliquod eis impendunt consilium vel auxilium in dispendium terrse sanctse, ipsarum rerum privatione mulctari et capientium servos fore cense- nms Et talibus gremium non aperiatur ecclesiae nisi totum quod ex sub- stantia tarn damnata perceperint et tantumdem de sua in subsidium predicts terrse transmiserint ut fequo judicio in quo delinquerint puniantur. Cone. Lateran. IV. ad calcem (Harduin. VII. 75. Lib. v. Extra Tit. vi. cap. 17). Evidently the clause enslaving the transgressor was not expected to be en forced. 94 LXXXI. DE EXCOMMUXICATIONE. cum bone memorie dominus Sabiuensis excommuuicatiouis tulisset scntentiam in eos qui uicesiruaru detinerent, ipse ignarus sententie promulgate uicesimam detiuuit et ministrauerat non solutus. Verum quia idem M. cessit in fata et de uicesima satisfecit ad plenum pri- usquam ad eum huiusmodi littere peruenirent, petitum est pro eo de absolutione prouideri post mortem quia non contemptus sed necessitas retardauit in uita. Quia uero talis apud deum creditur nou ligatus ut in hoc ecclesie militant is indicium concordet sententie triumphantis et anima supradicti M. orationibus et aliis consuetis sutfragiis uon fraudeter prouidentie uestrc auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus ad absolutionem eiusdem inxta formam canonicam procedatis. Sane cum sicut asseritur aliorum con- scientias latens culpa uon leserit, sic super premissis discretio uestra prouideat ut sub coufessionis sigillo conclusum absolu- tionis publice apertuni in scandalum uon perducat. 1 1 This case evidently alludes to the twentieth levied on the churches of Christen dom in 1240 by Gregory IX. to carry on his quarrel with Frederic II. In that year his legate in France, Giacomo di Pecoraria, Cardinal of Palestrina, sum moned a council at Senlis in which he forced the Gallican prelates to accede to it (Ciacconii Vit. Papar. II. 87), but St Louis intervened and relieved them from it. Then a horde of Franciscans was let loose upon the French churches who went around demanding in the name of the pope a seventh, or even a fifth, to l>e paid within fifteen days, under pain of excommunication and deprivation. The effect of all this, as St. Louis declared to Innocent IV., was to develop among all ranks so great a hatred for the Holy See that only the royal power kept them in the Roman obedience " Non solum moventur super his dominus rex et magnates sed etiam generaliter omne regnum motum est et turbatum usque adeo quod devotio ilia quam solebant habere ad Romanam ecclesiam jam quasi penitus est extincta, et non solum extincta sed conversa in odium vehemens et rancorem vehementem. Et si sciretis quid quasi jam sentiunt homines et quid dicunt et quomodo scandalizantur vos certe doleretis, et dolendum est omnibus Christianis et valde timendum ne istud odium quod conceptual est contra vos et [in] cordibus hominum fere omnium possit parere aliquod grande monstrum. . . . Xam de laicis non est dubium quod ipsi non obediant ecclesise nisi quantum hoc faciunt timore regise potestatis. De clericis vero scit Deus, et sciunt homines multi quo animo ipsi sustinent jugum istud." Gravam. Eccles. Gallican. (Fascic. Rer. Expetend. Ed. 1690, II. 238-41.) St. Louis endeavored to put an end to this by Art. 5 of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1208 (Isambert, op. cit. I. 340), but the only effect of the royal intervention was eventually to force a division of the spoils between pope and king, and the Church continued to be relieved of its superfluous wealth by both. LXXXII. LXXXIII. 95 LXXXII. DE INCENDIARIIS. Episcopo - . Humili nobis - - presbiter lator presen- tiuin confessione monstrauit quod cuiusdam parocliiani sui molestiis accensus ad iram domum molestatoris incendit, et ucnto flamraa diifusa de propinquo incendio domus est uiciua succensa. Licet enim incendiarii de consuetudiue terre uinculo sint excommunica- tionis astricti, ipse tamen miscuit se diuinis, nc abstinentia diuino- rum excessum proferret in publicum quern retinebat presumptio in occulto, et sic dum exteriori obsequi uoluit interiorem uidetur hominem persecutus. Nuuc autcm ad utriusque hominis salutem intendens ut asserit, supplicauit utique medelam, ut utrumque dispensatio releuet, et alterutrum desperatio non confundat. Quia uero et factura et facti circumstantias circumspectio uestra melius comprehendere poterit eum ad uos iuxta formarn ecclesie remitti- mus absolutum auctoritate doraini pape ucstrc prudentic commit- tentes quatentis post congruam satisfaction em dampuorum et peni- tentiam competentem ipsum si ei uite meritum et fame testimoniuni suffragabitur alindque canonicum non obsistat ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis; quod si forte de dampnis non satisfecerit ut tenetur, euudem in excommunicationis uiiiculum reducatis. LXXXIII. DE CONCUBINARIIS EXCOMMUNICATIS A LEGATIS. Episcopo . presbitero accepimus intimaute quod cum bone memorie dominus Guala tituli saucti Martini presbiter cardinalis in partibus gallicanis legationis fungens officio in concubinarios presbiteros excommunicationis sententiam pro- mulgasset, idem tune temporis in huiusmodi lubricum carnis est lapsus et ignarus sententie promulgate uon abstinuit a diuinis. Cum autem casus eiusdem ad uestram notitiam peruenisset, ipsum a sui executione officii suspendistis. Verum cum idem ad frugem melioris uite conuersus contiuentie cingulo strinxerit lumbos suos, supplicasti summo pontifici ut cum eo super hiis misericorditer 96 LXXXIII. DE CONCUBINARIIS. agere dignaretur. Nos autem sic uolentes misericordie ianuam aperiri quod non soluatur omnino uinculuru ecclesiastice discipline committiraus quatenus prefatum ab eiusdem legati senten- tia iuxta formam ecclesie absolutus et iniuncta ei pro culpe raodo peniteutia competenti, eoque ad tern pus prout expedire uideritis in sui officii snspensione retento, demum sufficicnti ab eo cautione recepta quod in sua uel aliena domo non teneat de cetero concu- binam, cum future uite meritum culpam preterite redimat, alio canonico non obstante, ipsura ad dispensationis gratiam admit- tatis. 1 1 Giacomo Guala de Becaria was created cardinal deacon of S Maria in Porticu by Innocent III. in 1198, and subsequently cardinal priest of SS. Sylvester and Martin. We have seen him busy in English affairs as legate in 1217. He died under the pontificate of Gregory IX. after 1227 (Ciacconius, II. 25). He was sent by Innocent as legate to France in 1208 to aid in repressing the Cathari, and while there issued the constitution against the concubinary clergy which long continued to be cited against them. It is in Hardouin, T. VI. P. n p. 1975. It is worthy of note that the above case, occurring after the death of Guala, must have slumbered for more than twenty years before the offender sought dispensa tion and absolution. Curiously enough, moreover, there is no mention in the brief of a faculty conferred in 1212 by Innocent III. on all the French bishops to grant absolution and dispensation in such cases, only reserving for papal dis pensation those whose public immorality had been especially scandalous (Innoc. PP. III. Regest. Lib. xv. Ep. cxiii.). There is significance in the fact that the whole legislation is directed, not against simple lapses of the flesh, but only against the permanent connection of concubinage. This is seen in the security required of the offender, which does not bind him to observe chastity. The distinction is clearly defined in some of the following cases, which show how offenders availed themselves of it to escape the penalties decreed against concubinarians. In 1259 Alexander IV. stimulated the prelates of Christendom to more earnest effort to repress this universal vice and promised that in such cases their labors should not be nullified by the customary device of appeals to Rome and that all papal letters restoring culprits should specify the character of guilt "Ad inqui- rendos aut ad puniendos subditorum vestrorum excessus et maxime incontinentise fceditatis in clericis, prsesertim concubinariis manifestis qui odorem foetere faciunt domus Dei, tanto ferventius assurgatis quanto damnabilius pneteriretis eorum con- tagia incorrecta. Verum ut adversus concubinarios hujusmodi officii nostri de- bitum tarn auctoritate nostra quam vestra liberius exequi valeatis, nos praedeces- sorum nostrorum attendentes vestigia et plenius exprimentes super hoc processus vestras per appellationis objectum nolumus aliquatenus impediri. Si vero hujus modi concubinarii, quorum culpas contigerit canonica districtione feriri, super appellatione aut absolutione vel restitutione sua litteras apostolicas reportarint, illas nisi forsitan in eis appellationis aut excommunicationis sen amotionis suse hujusmodi causam expresserint manifeste, decernimus nullius esse momenti ; sed LXXXIV. DE CONCUBINARIIS. 97 DE EODEM. (2). Decano Ebroicensi. - diaconi latoris presentium petitio continebat quod cum bone memorie dominus G[uala] in partibus gallicanis legationis fungens officio in concubinarios clericos ex- corn municationis sententiam generaliter promulgasset, idem mulie- rem quandam aliquando in aliena domo et aliquando in propria domo per aliquot dies retinuit, in quibus carnis lubricum non uitauit. Vertirn cum per hoc illam non crederet concubinam non opinabatur predicte seutentie uinculum incurrisse, et conscientie sue huiusmodi credulitate blanditus ad ordincs sacros accessit et ministrauit in ipsis absolutions beneficio non obtento. Super quo supplicauit etc. Nos autem prefatum ab liuiusmodi sen- tentia iuxta formam ecclesie absolutum ad uos duximus remitten- dum etc. quatenus initmcta ei etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Palentino. Litteras quas pro G. diacono latore pre sentium ad sedem apostolicam destinastis et confessionem ipsius scriptam uobis mittimus presentibus interclusas auctoritate doniini pape uestre prudentie committentes quatenus si mulierem ipse pro concubina retinuit de qua fecistis in uestris litteris mentionem eundem a sententia in concubinarios clericos promulgata iuxta formam ecclesie absolutum et iniuncta sibi peuitentia etc. usque dispensetis. Si uero matrimouiali copula sint coniuucti super hoc ordinario hire poteritis prosequi debitum officii pastoralis. LXXXIV. DE SENTENTIA ORDINARII CONTRA CONCUBINARIOS. Episcopo Ylixibouensi. F. subdiaconus lator presentium pro- posuit coram nobis quod cum uos olim in coucubinarios cleri- eis vel processibus per eas habitis nequaquam obstantibus, censura vestne ani- madversionis in tales inviolabilem obtineat firmitatem." Dalham Concil. Salis- burgens. p. 104. A sufficiently humiliating confession that the Roman curia was substantially the chief source of corruption throughout the Church ! The present cases in fact show how readily absolution and dispensation could be obtained. 98 LXXXV. DE CONCUBINARIIS. cos uestre diocesis excommuuicationis sententiam tulissetis idem mulierem quandam quaudo in domo propria quando in domo patris eiusdem retinuit carnis lubricum non declinans. Verum cum ei concubine nomen nou dederit eo quod non continue ipsam in domo propria retinebat predicte sententie uon credebat uiuculum incurrisse, et couscientie sue huiusmodi credulitate blauditus diuina celebrauit officia non solutus. Super quo supplicauit humiliter sibi apostolice sedis prouidentia subueniri. Nos autem etc. quatenus predicta sententia iuxta formani ecclesie relaxata ac iuiuncta ei etc. demum sufficienti ab eo etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Cabiloneusi. - presbiter lator present! um humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod cum uos olim in presbitcros uestre diocesis habentes in domibus propriis concubinas excommunicationis sententiam tulissetis idem quandam quam per septeunium ante dirni- serat per quatuor dies in propria domo retinuit, in quibus caruis lubricum non uitauit. Verum cum ei nomen etc. usque non solutus. Super quo supplicauit etc. Nos autem etc. quatenus prefato - ab huiusmodi sententia iuxta formani ecclesie absolutus et iniuncto ei quod talibus cousueuit iniungi, ipse si presentis uite meritum culpam preterite redimet aliiulque cauonicum non obsistat, ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis. LXXXV. DE EO QUI RESUMPSIT CONCUBINAM QUAM ABIURAVIT. Episcopo . Lator presentium humili uobis confessione monstrauit quod ipse olim, post sententiam bone memorie domini G[uale] in concubinarios promulgatam, concubinam quam abiurauit ad thorum illicite commixtionis admisit, et ignarus iuris diuina celebrauit officia non solutus. Sane cum circa ipsum sit predicte senteutie uinculum iuxta formani ecclesie relaxatum et ad frugem melioris uite conuersus coutinentie cingulo astrinxerit lumbos suos, humiliter petiit secum super irregularitate contracta misericorditer dispensari. Xos autem etc. quatenus iniuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competent! eoque ad tempus etc. usque suspense. Demum LXXXVI., LXXXVII. DE CONCUBIN ARIIS . 99 sufficient! ab eo etc. usque admittatis, prouiso prudeuter ut dispeu- satio credita sic releuet penitentiam quod etsi laxet non tamen rumpat neruiim ecclesiastice discipline; uel sic prouiso ut prout intentio culpam exaggerat, exasperet disciplina uindictam et dispensatio credita etc. LXXXVI. EO QUI FUIT SUSPENSUS PERPETUO PROPTER COXCUBIXAM ET EST RESTITUTUS. V. Trasiluano episcopo. R. presbiter lator present iuni proposuit coram nobis quod cum olim - - archidiaconus suus ipsuin falso de iucontinentie uitio coratn uenerabilem pat re m - - episcopo Prenestino apostolice sedis legato in parti bus Uugarie detulisset, idem episcopus archidiaconi dclationi simpliciter credens, nulla inquisitione premissa, ipsuni perpetuo ab officio beneficioque sus- pendit. Tandem cum per quosdara de fratribus ordinis predica- torum de ipsius uite meritis inquisitum fuisset et profecto liqueret predictum archidiaconum contra cum perperam processisse, duobus conuentibus testimonium perhibentibus pro eodem, mcmoratus legatus dictam suspensionis sententiam relaxauit, et licet super relaxatione huiusmodi suas ei litteras concessisset nichilominus tamen eodem archidiacono confringente litteras ipsas preter legati conscientiam processisse executionem officii interdixistis cidem. Super quibus apostolice sedis clemeotiam adiit petens etc. Nos autem de speciali maudato domini papc etc. quatenus si est ita penam quam culpa non meruit uestra prouidentia releuet, ne innocentie puritas malitie contacto succumbat. LXXXVII. DE EO QUI RETIXUIT CONCUBIXAM QUAM ABIURAVIT xox AD LUBRICUM CARNIS. Episcopo Taruisiuo. Ex litteris uestris et confessione - presbiteri latoris presentiurn accepimus quod cum prolata esset a uobis in concubinarios clericos et cohabitantes illas quas pro con- 100 LXXXVIII. LXXXIX. cubinis habuerant sententia generalis, ipse destitutus seruitutis obsequio quandam quam abiurauerat ad domestic? familiaritatem obsequii non ad usum carnalis commixtionis admisit, diuina post- modum minus prouide celebrans non solutus. Super quo etc. s autem etc. usque admittatis. LXXXVIII. DE EO QUI CONFITETUR ALIUD QUAM CONTINEANT LlTTERE IMPETRATE. Episcopo Niuernensi. Recepimus litteras quas abbas sancti Martini Niuernensis ordinis sancti Augustini pro R. eiusdem loci canouico ad sedem apostolicam destinauit. Verum quia eius con- fessio huiusmodi litteris uidetur esse contraria predictum 11. cum eisdein litteris et coufessioue sua nostro inclusis sigillo ad uos duximus remittendum auctoritate domini pape uestre prudentie committentes quatenus si relatioui eiusdem confessionis ueritas suffragatur iuiuncta ei penitentia etc. eoque ad tempus etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Litteras uestras preseutibus interclusas pro - latore presentium recepimus eiusque confessionem audiuimus diligenter. Verum quia ipsius coufessio non exprimebat casum quern litteranun series pretendebat, alium tamen cxpressit nobis propter quern ipsum non credimus irregularitatis impedimeuto teneri. LXXXIX. DE EG QUI PER FALSOS TESTES EST CONVICTUS. Episcopo Ripen si. Ex tenore litterarum uestrarum accepimus quod cum presbiter lator presentium de morte cuiusdam hominis infamatus, indicta sibi purgationc defecit, ac quidam coram uobis iurantes ipsum peccati homicidii reum esse uos eundem senten- tialiter officio beueficioque priuatum ad sedem apostolicam desti- nastis super eo cousilium petiturum, quod de predicto crimine xc. xci. 101 recipere penitentiam recusabat. Verum cum ipsius presbiteri confessio contraria uestris litteris uideatur eo quod dicit se illorum testimouio condempnatum qui ipsuni odio persecuntur antique, quos uos, suis compurgatoriis ydoneis non admissis, contra ipsuni tanquam compurgatores sicut uobis placuit induxistis, ac se asserat obiecti crimiuis lesam couscientiara uon habere. Super etc. Nos igitur etc. usque remittimus, ut si relation! confessionis eius ueritas stiffragatur, per uos reuocato prudenter iniusto illato grauamine peua penitentiaria non prematur quern secura conscientia non accusat. XC. DE EO QUI CELEBRAT IN ECCLESIA INTERDICTA. Episcopo Wigornensi. Pro magistro R. de - - fuit propositum coram nobis quod cum ecclesia quedam post appellatiouem ex causa probabili ad apostolicam sedem emissam esset ecclesiastico supposita interdicto, idem magister euangelium legit in ipsa. Super quo petitum est humiliter sibi de prouidentia sedis apostolice subueniri. Nos autem auctoritate domini pape etc. quateuus iniuncta ei etc. usque obsistat, dispensationis gratiam aperiatis eidein. XCI. DE EO QUI YIOLAT APOSTOLICUM INTERDICTUM. Archiepiscopo Bracarensi. Transmissa nobis - - prioris saucti Bartholomei de Colimbria petitio continebat quod cum eo tempore quo uiolauerat interdictum posittim in locis ad que Rex Portugalensis ueniret 1 , sua beneficia percepisset, et uos auctoritate apostolica maudassetis huiusmodi uiolatoribus inter- dicti quod infra certum tempus beneficia restituerent sic percepta, in transgressores mandati excommunicationis sententia uichilomiuus promulgata. Idem, restitutis quibusdam et beneficio absolutiouis 1 Sancho II. of Portugal was excommunicated by Gregory IX. in 1238 (Ray- nald. Annal. ann. 1238 n. 48). The next case refers to the same events : Sancho endeavored to prevent the bishop elect of Lisbon from occupying his see and treated him with much harshness. (Ibid. n. 50.) 102 XCII. DE MUTUO COXTRAHENDO. obteuto, quedam miuuta ultra prefixum tempus retiuuit, et ante ab- solutionem obtentam in suis ordinibus ministrauit. Super quibus humiliter petiit etc. Nos autem etc. quatenus postquam idem prior competenter satisfecerit de retentis et absolutus fuerit a sententia memorata, iniuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competenti etc. usque expedire uideritis et ecclesiasticam decuerit honestatem. DE EODEM. (2). Yioario Vlixbonensi. S. Pel. de Abuil. presbiter lator presen- tiuni huraili nobis confessione monstrauit quod cum olim occasione controuersie que inter - Regem Portugalensem et bone memorie Vlixbonensem episcopum uertebatur, loca ad que Rex idem accederet per uenerabilem patrem Auriensem episcopum eiusque collegas auctoritate apostolica essent supposita interdicto, ipse temeritate propria ipso Rege presente diuina non diuine presumpsit officia celebrare. Verum cum iam per plures aunos cessauerat a diuinis et confractus seuio ac multis laboribus fati- gatus duxerit ad sedem apostolicam laborandum instanter et humiliter supplicauit sibi super premissis per dispensationis gra- tiain miseric-ordie ianuam aperiri. Nos autem senectuti ac pau- pertati compatieus ipsius predict um S. ad uos cum Vlixboneusis uacet ccclesia duximus remittendum de special! mandato domini pape nest re prudentie committitentes quatenus iniuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competenti eoque ad tempus prout expedire uideritis in sui officii suspensione retento, demum etc. usque uideritis et ecclesiasticam decuerit honestatem. XCII. DE PRELATIS QUI CONCEDUNT LITTERAS SUAS DE MUTUO CONTRAHENDO. Episcopo Abrincensi. Ex parte - - abbatis sancti Michaelis de periculo rnaris fuit propositum coram nobis quod ipse olim nobili uiro F-ulconi Paganello crucesignato litteras sub sigillo suo de mutuo contrahendo concessit, sufficienti ab eo cautione recepta quod et litteras ipsas redderet ei ac de mutuo dampnis et expensis, si quas incurrerit, eius monasterium conseruaret indempne, et nichilominus ignarus constitutionis edite coram [contra] tales in officio suo post- XCIII. DE ABSOLUTIONS AD CAUTELAM. 103 modum ministrauit. Sane cum sit satisfactum de mutuo et eidem predicte sint littere restitute, fuit humiliter postulatum sibi super irregular itate contracta raisericordia sedis apostoliee subueniri. Nos autem prouidentie uestre etc. quatenus si est ita prefatum abbatem a sententia quam ex premissis incurrit iuxta forraara ecclesie absoluatis et iniuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia com- petenti ac eo ad tempus prout expedire uideretis a sui officii executione suspense, demum si aliud canonicum non obsistat ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). A. priori predicatorum carnotensiura. Abbatis de Josaphat ordiuis S. Benedict! carnotensis diocesis petitio continebat quod ipse quibusdam nobilibus monasterium suum illesum pro- mittentibus conseruare concessit litteras ad mutiium contrahendtim timore potius quam amore, et ignarus constitutionis edite contra tales aliquos recepit in monachos, quibusdam munus benedictionis impendit, aliqnibus clericis beneficia contulit, ac in suis ordinibus miuistrauit. Sed statim cum noticia constitutionis peruenit ad eum a predictorum executione cessauit. Super quibus etc. Nos igitur etc. usque quatenus iuiuncta predicto abbati penitentia et eo ad tempus etc. usque tandem cum cessate fuerint littere, mutuo persoluto, ipsum si aliud canonicum non obsistat prout melins conuenit expedire ad dispensations gratiam admittatis. 1 XCIII. DE ABSOLUTIONS BENEFICIO PBELATIS IMPEXSO AD CAUTELAM. Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. Yenerabilis patris episcopi Sagiensi confessio coutinebat quod de - presbiterum 1 Of the numerous constitutions against usury in all its forms issued by the Church I cannot identify any one especially as referred to in the above cases. It seems probable however that the Decretals of Gregory IX. collected by Ra mon de Penafort in 1234, in which Lib. v. Tit. xix. is devoted to this sub ject, may have drawn fresh attention to the prohibitions and their penalties and thus have caused the scruples of conscience of these worthy abbots. 104 XCIV. DE ABSOLUTIONE AD CAUTELAM. sue diocesis uinculo excommunicatiouis astrictum, ipsius contumacia exigente, inanu layca fecit in coinpcdibus detineri donee de stando maudato ecclesie prestitit cautionem, et presbitero uicario ecclesie do - inhibuit quod nou sine licentia ipsius epis- copi domum exiret nisi prius couquerenti aduersario responderet. Verum licet in his se crederet ut dicebat officii sui debitura prosecutum, quia tameu zeli feruor interdum metara in talibus omnimode tern peran tie non obseruat, ue couscientiam stimulus dubitationis urgeret, in hoc dubio per absolutions beneficiura ad cautelam sil)i petiit prouideri. Nos autera de speciali domini pape licentia ne in hoc ei cautele deesset remedium desiderio satisfied mus petitoris, iniungentes eidem ut iuxta correctionis excessum passis iniuriam satisfaciat sicut debet. XCIV. SUPER EODEM PRO ABSENTIBUS. Episcopo . A r enerabilis patris Tarantasiensis archi- episcopi transmissa petitio continebat quod cum quidam canonicus regularis minister domus sue esset de periurio ac exactione conuic- tus et incorrigibilis haberetur capi iussit eundem et tamdiu detineri donee per ipsum ac suos de dampnis iam illatis in preterite indemni- tate 2 dampnorum in postern m sibi et ecclesie sue sufficient! extitit cautioue prouisum. Verum licet in hiis se crederet etc. usque prouideri. Nos autem etc. quatenus ne in hoc ei cautele desit remedium, satisfaciatis desiderio petitoris iniungentes eidem etc. usque sicut debet. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Tarantasiensi [Tarraconeusi?]. Veuerabilis patris episcopi Gerundensis transmissa petitio continebat quod cum quidam clerici sue diocesis arma de norte portantes multa commississent enormia et canonice moniti ab huiusmodi non cessareut, ipse ut quos Dei timor nou reuocabit a malo arceret seueritas disci plini, quosdam ex ipsis carcerali fecit custodie maucipari. Verum licet in hiis se crederet etc. ut supra. 1 Idemtitate, MS. XCV., XCVI. DE ABSOLUTIONS AD CAUTKLAM. 105 xcv. SUPER EODEM PRO MAGISTRIS ABSENTIBUS. Episcopo - Pro magistro - - fuit proposituiu coram nobis quod in excedentium correctione clcricorum scolarium inetuit ne moderamen interdum correctionis excesserit, eo quod nonnuu- quam in talibus dum discipline zelus intenditur raeta temperantie non seruatur. Unde ne conscientiam dubitationis scrupulus urgeat, in hoc dubio per absolutions beneficium ad cautelani sibi petiit prouideri. Nos auteni etc. quatenus ne in hoc prefato desit cautele remedium, prudentia uestra absolutions bcneficio desiderio satisfaciat petitoris, et iniungentes eidem ut iuxta correctionis excessum satisfaciat competentcr. SUPER EODEM PRO PRESENTIBUS. Cum H. et J. canonici passatiienses et - - et - plebani passauiensis diocesis contra eorum episcopum super quibusdani criminibus inquisitionem fieri postulareut, canonicus regu- laris eius episcopi procurator quasdam nomine ipsius episcopi confec- tas ostendit litteras contineutes quod prefatus episcopus nomiuatim in ipsos et quosdam eorum fautores propter iuobedientiam et rebel- lionem et alios eorum enormes exccssus in litteris eisdem nequa- quam ex premissis [expressis?] excommunicationis sententiam pro- mulgauit. Ostendit quoque litteras Ratisponensis episcopi et eius coniudicis qui auctoritate apostolica seutentiam confirmarant ean- dem; et licet predicta sententia uideretur domino pape et fratribtis esse nulla, Nos tamen de speciali domini pape mandato uobis facto per uenerabilem patrem dominum P. albanensem episcopum a domino papa concessum parti bus auditorem, recepta iuratoria cautioue ab ipsis ut si constiterit quod rite dicta sententia lata fuerit satisfa- ciant super hiis eidem episcopo pro quibus extitit promulgatam, predictos ab excommunicatione predicta et aliis excommunica- tionibus ab eodem episcopo promulgatis iuxta formam ecclesie 106 XCVII. DE SENTENTIIS POST AP PELL ATIONE M . absoluimus ad cautelam, licet protestati fuissent quod non essent ullatcnus excommunicationis uinculo innodati. Super absolu- tionem ipsorura presentes litteras etc. DE EODEM. (2). Cum inter G. electum patrem priorem sancti Petri, Magistrura J. et quosdam alios monachos mouasterii sancti Facundi ex parte una, et B. et eius fan to res ex parte alia super diuersis electiouibus in eodem mouasterio celebratis coram domino papa questio uertere- tur, et prefatus pater et pars eius alteri parti excommunicationem obiecerent ne per obiectiones et exceptiones huiusmodi posset ordi- uatio impediri, Nos de speciali domini pape mandate) uobis per uenerabilem patrem dominum episcopum Albanensem facto. predictos electum - priorem sancti Petri et et monachos dicti monasterii ab omnibus obiectis exeommunicationi- bus et aliis si aliquibus ten.eba.ntur astricti iuxta formam ecclesie absoluimus ad cautelam. XCVII. SUPER EODEM ET DE SENTENTIIS LATIS POST APPELLATIONEM AD SEDEM APOSTOLICAM. Judicibus . Notierit discretio uestra quod nos de speciali mandato domini pape facto nobis per uenerabilem patrem dominum Sabinensem, Wilhelmum de - et socios eius latores prescntium ab excommunicationis sententiis qnas aduersarius eorum contra ipsos obiecit, et ab omnibus aliis si que late fuerunt in ipsos post contro- uersiam motam et appellationem ad summum pontificem interiectam et iter attemptum ad sedem apostolicam ueniendi absoluimus ad cautelam, et ad nos remittimus absolutos maudantes eisdem sub debito prestiti iuramenti ut de hiis pro quibus eosdem constiterit legitime fuissc ligatos satisfaciant competenter. Ceterum si ut premissum est satisfacere forte contempserint ipsos in excommu- uicationis uinculum reducatis. DE EODEM. (2), Decano scolastico Colouieusis et scolastico Xanthonensis Coloniensis diocesis. Nouerit discretio uestra quod XCVIII. XCIX. 107 nos, de speciali mandate clomini pape nobis facto per uenerabilem patrem dominum Sabinensem, Contherum monachum sancti Lau- rentn Leodiensis latorem presentium negotiurn reformationis eius- dem monasteni prosequentem absoluimus ad cautelam ab excom- municationis sententiis quos F. maioris ecclesie et P. sancte Marie eanomei Treverenses indices ddegati tulenint in ipsnm, et ad uos qnibus de persona abbatis monasterii supradicti inquisitio est eommissa remittimus absolutum, mandantcs eis [ei] sub dehito prestiti iuramenti ut de liiis pro qnibus eundem a predictis indicibus exeomnmnicatum legitinie fuissc coustiterit satisfaciat competenter. Ceterum si satisfacere forte contcmpserit etc ut supra. XCVIII. DE ABSOLUTIONS IMPENSA IN AKTICULO MORTIS SUPER SEXTEXTIA CANONIS ET ORDIXARII. Episcopo Caturccnsi. Ad notitiam uestram presentium tcnoro perfernmus quod cum S. bodis rector esset de Papia uestre diocesis in egritudinis lecto mortis crederet imminere poriculum. ^ O s quod necessitas ut pretendebatur exigcbat remedium non uidimus denegandum, sic de absolutionis beneficio prouidcntes cidem quod sub debito prestiti iuramenti precipimus ut super liiis i>ropter cnie excommunicatus extiterat excommuuicantis mandate pareret, per uos in excommunication is sententiam si mandatum contempserit reducendns. XCIX. DE PROMOTIS CONTRA RITUM ROMANE ECCLESIE. ^ Archiepiscopo Autiuarensi. Auditis que Dirinastensis episcopus circa inordinatam ordiuationem abbatis et xxv. monacho- nim monasterii sancti Johannis de Riuastro imprudenter et in- reuereuter obmisit prouidentie uestre de speciali mandato domini pape committimus ut iuxta modum culpe iuiungatis abbati et monachis supradictis peniteutiam salutarem. Demum si eis et uite meritum et fame testimonium suffragabitur et scandalum 108 C. DE PROMOTIS PER SALTUM. nulliun imminent facial is eos dcnuo secundum formam quam sacro- sancta Romana tenet ecclesia per dispensations gratiam ad illos ordines promoueri in quibus memoratus episcopus ritum et ordinem generalis ecclesie mm sernauit. DE EODEM. (2). Arehidiacono Durrhachii. Super inordinata ordinatione G. pres- hitcri et alinrum xiii. clericorum litteras reeepimus quas misistis. Sane dum non quid rigor sed quid misericordia patiatur attendi- mus, |)rndcntic nestre auctoritate domini pa|>c committimus quate- nus prciato - - presbitcro et aliis xiii. iniuneta penitentia < ompetcnti ac ipsis ad tcmpns prout expedire uideretis a suorum ord inum executions suspensis etc. usque admittatis. Ceterum ne talis abusus transeat in excmplnm clcricis ucstre cure commissis inhibeatis exprcsse illos episcopos adeant (iiii ritum sedis apostolice in collatioue ordinum non obseruaut. DE EODEM. (3). Archidiacono Durrluichii. Kx tenore litterarnm uestrarum et confessione A. presbiteri latoris presentium accepimus quod ipse a qnodam episcopo greco tune diocesauo suo ad omnes ordines more grecorum, obmissa inunctione manuum, est promotus, ac cum calice lignco semel missarum solompnia celebrauit. Verum cum desideret cum latinis ad (jiios se transtulit iuxta ritum ecclesie Romane domino famulari, apostolice sedis clementiam adiit, supplicans sibi super premissis misericorditer pronideri. Nos igitur etc. usque qtiatenus iniuneta sibi penitentia etc. usque tandem si ei uite meritum ac fame testimonium suffragatur, alio canonico non obstante, per diocesis episcopum et manuuni unctionem statuto tempore faciatis in eum rite su})pleri quod fuit circa ipsum imprudenter obmissuin, ac cum ipso misericorditer dispensetis. C. DE PROMOTIS PER SALTUM. Episcopo Pampilonensi. M. subdiaconus lator presentium bumile nobis confessione monstranit quod ipse olim duos minores C. DE PROMOTIS PER SALTUM. 109 ordines tantuin habcns postmissis duobus aliis per iuris i^no- rantiam se fecit ad subdiaconatus ordinem promoneri, ministrans multotiens in eisdem [sic]. Super quo sibi pet! it etc. Nos aiitem etc. quatenus iniuncta ei pro rnodo culpe penitentia competent!, eoque ad tenipus etc. usque suspcnso. Dcnunn si bone nite f uerit et conuersationis lioneste conferatis sibi ordines pretermissos, per- rnittentes ipsura in suis ordinibns libere niinistrare et ad altiores ascendere si ei aliud non obuiet de canonicis iustitutis. DK KODKM. (2). Archiepiscopo - . L. diaeomis lator prescntimn ucstre diocesis hinnili nobis confessione nioiistrauit quod idem olim in minoribus ordinibus constitutus ad diaconatinn [diocesim] Laure- tanaiu se trausferens cum e])is(;opus in Lanrctnin nellet ordines celebrare, per quendam castellanuui ut einn proinonerxit in snbdia- conumsibi extititpresentatus, qui siinplicitat<; jiotius (juain indnstria se cum illis miscuit (jiii erant ad diaconatus ordinem promoticndi, et sic pretermisso subdiaconatus online in diaconcm f uif promotns, et ministrauit in ipso. Snjier (jiio sedis apostolicc; adiit clcmentiam petens sibi dispensationis ianuam aperiri. Nos i^itur auctoritatc domini papc nobis cornmittimus (juatenus si cst ita iniuncta sibi penitentia competent! et eo ad tempns pront cxpedire nideritis a sic suscepti ordinis executione suspenso^ post si ci alias uite meritum et fame testimonium sun rawitur aliiuKnie canomViim o 1 non obsistat, collate sibi rite ordiue pretermisso cnndcin ad dispensationem gratiam admittatis. DK EODEM. (3). Episcopo - . Subdiaconus lator present! um sua nobis confessione monstrauit (juod ipse olim clericus turn existens minoribus ordinibus pretermissis se fecit per saltum ad sub diaconatus ordinem promoueri. Super (jtio sedis apostolicc; cle- mentiam adiit humiliter supplicans eius sibi misericordia subueniri. Nos autem etc. qtiatenus iniuncta ei etc;, usque suspenso. Deminn si eidem etc. usque non obstante, super receptione ordinum ob- missorum et aliornm executione maiorum cum ipso pront expedire nideretis misericord iter dispensed s. 110 ci. en. CI. DE EO QUI NON RECORDATUR UTRUM RECEPERIT ORDINES. Vicario Pampilonensi. Ex litteris uestris et confessione M. presbiteri latoris presentium diaeoni [diocesis] Pampilonensis accepimus quod Don recolens se minores ordiues accepisse, credens tanien uerbo patris dicentis quod cum ad ipsos fecerat promoueri, in subdiaconum et diaconem, tandem in presbiterum statutis tem- poribus est promotus. Licet autem credulitatem iugerat assertio geuitoris, quia tamcn tranquillitatem sue conscientie non inducit, ad apostolice sedis duxit subsidium recurrendum. Quocirca dis- cretioni uestrc rescribimus quatenus si probabilis cius credulitas prouidi patris asscrtioni se applicat, presertim si execution is tes- timonium impressioni characteris suffragatur, scrupulosi curiositas excitare non debet iniuriam sacramento. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati . Mauricius presbiter monachus uester lator presentium humili nobis confessione monstrauit ([uod duobus de minoribus sicut credit obmisit [obmissis] ad sacros ordines fuit alias rite promotus. Cum autem de obmissioue duorum in dubium reuocet supplicauit humiliter super hoc sibi sedis apostolice proui- dentia subueuiri. Quia uero non intelligitur iteratum quod nescitur esse factum discretioni uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus dicto M. a sacrorum ordinum executione suspenso donee recipiat quos credit obmissos, tandem si aliud canonicum non obsistat ipsum in executione debita suorum ordinum dimittatis. Oil. DE FURTIVE PROMOTIS. Episcopo . Subdiaconus lator presentium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod cum uelletis ordines celebrare, non presentatus ab aliquo uel uocatus, Juris ignarus sc ordinandis immiscuit et in subdiaconum fuit ])romotus. Tandem ipsius GUI. DE EO QUI CONTRA MAXDATUM ETC. Ill ignorantia per alterius reuelata prudentiarn, cul])am proj)riam ex aliena doctrina cognoscens, apostolice sedis clementiam adiit, misericordiam petiturus. Quia uero simplicitas coaptat se uenie temperatque rigorem, auctoritatc doinini pape etc. quateuus in- iuncta ei etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Remensi. Ex insinuation uestraruni accepimus litterarum quod cum bone memorie predecessor uester sub pena excommunicationis inhibuisset ne quis clericorum sue diocesis ad ordines suscipiendos accederet nisi legitime presentatus, clericus lator present! urn citra inhibitionem huiusmodi ordinem subdiaconatus accepit, ministrans nichilorainus in eodeni. Super quo domino pape humiliter supplicauit ut cum eo dispensare misericorditer dignaretur. Nos auteiu prouidentie uestre etc. quatenus iniuncta ei etc. usque non obstante, cum ipso prout secundtim dominurn expedire uideritis dispensetis. GUI. DE EO QUI COXTRA MAXDATUM OflDIXATORIS RECEPIT ORDINES. Abbati sancti Johannis de Ponderata. D. presbiter lator prcsen- tium nobis humiliter est confessus quod cum idem olim a Portu- gallensi episcopo suo diocesano uellet minores ordines accipere audiuit sub pena excommunicationis episcopum inhibuisse predic- tum ne quis nisi religiosus tune accederet ordinandus. Quo audito ut libere posset ordines ipsos accipere in uestris promisit manibus quod uestrum intraret ordinem, quandocunque uocaretur a uobis, sicque tune ad uestram presentationem et hoc ipso episcopo igno- rante, extitit ordinatus. Super quo cum uelit quod promisit implere dispensation is gratiam postulauit. Nos igitur auctoritate domini pape uobis committimus ut postquam dictus presbiter in monasterio uestro habitum religionis assumpserit, uinculo se professiouis astringens, si aliud canonicum nou obsistat, super ordinibus sic susceptis et in aliis quos alias postmodum rite suscepit dispensatiouis ianuam aperiatis eidem. 112 CIV. 1)E PROMOTIS TEMPORE NON STATUTO. PE EODEM. (2). Accedens ad sedeiu apostolicam frator P. later present iuin sua nobis confossione monstrauit quod cum olim pie memorie prede cessor uester sub pena excommunicationis prohibnisset ne quisquam absque suo mandato ad ordinos suscipiendos accedcret, idem frater, Juris ignorautia et simplicitatis errore laborans subdiaconatus et diaconatus ordincs diuersis tainen teinporibus contra huiusmodi prohibitionem suscepit, et in eisdem post mod um ministrauit, ac raentione non habita de premissis, a uobis fuit in presbiterum ordinatus. Tandem per aliorum prudentiam suam imprudentiam recognoscens, de peri torn m scientia sue culpe notitiam apprehen- dens ad frugem mclioris uite sc transtulit, in domo templi habitu religionis assumpto, ut sub rcgularis obseruantie disciplina et dampna preteriti temporis defleat, et futiiri reliquias non obmittat. Ceterum ut in quibus offendit in eisdem suo satisfaciat creatori, humiliter supplicauit in ordinibus sic susceptis sibi miscricordie ianuam aperiri. Quia uero hiis qui in araaritudine anime sunt consolationis est remedio succurrendum ut post penitentie ucrbera pietatis uerba sentiant, predictnin P. de auctoritate domini pape circumspect ioni uestre com mittimus quatenus iniuncta sibi peui- tcntia competenti etc. usque non obsistat, petitioni eius circa premissam gratiam pinm impendatis prosecutionis effectum. CIV. DE PROMOTIS TEMPORE NOX STATUTO. Archiepiscopo - . Joliannis presbiteri latoris presentium petitio continebat quod per bone memorie Manuelem episcopum ordinarium suum uestrum suffraganeum in ceua domini iuxta consuetudinem quinimmo abusum terrc ordines celebrantcm ad presbiteratus ordinem est promotus. Quod cum ad uestram peruenisset notitiam eundem presbiterum ab executione sic sus- cepti ordinis suspendistis. Super quo apostolioe sedis dementi am adiit petens sibi eius prouidentia misericorditer subueniri. Qnia uero sic decet pulsanti ianuam misericord ie aperiri quod non soluatur uinculum ecclesiastice discipline, ipsum ad uos duximns remitten- CV. DE ORDINATO XON JEJUNO. 118 dum cle special! mandate domini pape etc. quatenus iniuncta ei etc. eoque per dimidium annum post receptionem presentium a predicti ordinis executione suspense, demum si eidem et uite meritum etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo . Presbiteri latoris presentium petitio contine- bat quod cum obseruantia iiij or temporuin mensis Septembris olim in quibusdam partibus Alemanie diuersimode seruarcntur [sic] alii in secunda et alii in tertia ebdomada tempus illud ex quadam con- suetudine obseruantes, ipse in secunda per - - Warmatiensem in diaconum et in alia sequcnti ebdomada per - - Tullenscni episcopos cum testimonial] bus et litteris secunduni suas obseruan- tias in presbiterum est promotus. Super quibus apostolice sedis clementiam adiit supplicans sibi sal atari consilio prouideri. Nos igitur auctoritate domini pape ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum uestre prouidentie committentes quatenns etc. usque non obsistat, dispensationem iauuam aperiatis eidem. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati de Quartaria Cisterciensis ordiuis. Ex parte uestra t uit propositum coram nobis quod frater G. monachus mouasterii uestri ante religionis iugressum peregre proficiscens in subsidium terre sancte in partibus Calabrie sabbato pentecostes a quodam episcopo greco diaconatum et tandem ad propria rediens presbiteratum a suo diocesano tempore statute suscepit, et ministrauit hactenus in ordinibus sic susceptis. Super quibus etc. Quia uero digna est fauoris prosecutione etc. quatenus si uobis constiterit quod in ordi- natione predicti G. ritum et formam sacrosancte Romaue ecclesie ipsius obseruauerit ordinator iniuncta ei etc. usque admittatis. CV. DE EO QUI NOX JEJUNUS RECEPIT ORDIXES. Episcopo Lemouicensi. Proposuit - lator presentium quod cum langueret in corpore, obseruantie quadragesimalis impatiens, cibo sumpto in sabbato, fecit se in diaconum promoueri. Super quo etc. Nos autem etc. ut in forma usque admittatis. 114 CVI. DE EO QUI UNA DIE ETC. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Arelatcnsi. B. monachus monasterii uestri Montis Maioris 1 lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod uobis olim celebrantibus ordines traetus a sociis quamuis ieiunus non esset ordiuem subdiaconatus assumpsit. Super quo sibi petiit etc. Nos antem etc. quatenus iniuncta ei etc. ut supra. CVI. DE EO QUI UNA DIE RECEPIT MINORES ORDINES ET UNUM DE SACRIS. Episcopo - . R. presbiter, monachus dc - liumili nobis confessione monstrauit quod ipso olim recoptis minoribus una die ad suggestionera cuiusdam nionachi qui magistcr erat ipsius, ipsa die ordineni subdiaconatus rccepit ; ct cum esset puer j)()stmoduin in quosdam monachos non sine sanguinis effusione ma nus uiolentas iniecit ct absolutionis beneficio exinde non obteuto ad alios sacros accessit, ministrans nichilominus in eisdcm. Sane cum a!) excommunicatione sit itixta. formam ccclesic absolutus, super irregularitate sibi petiit cum multa instantia dispensationis iannam apcriri. Nos atteudentes quod religion! fauor est proxi- mus auctoritatc domini pape uobis committimus quatenus iniuncta ei etc. usque suspense. Demum etc. usque obsistat, cum ipso de misericordia dispensctis. DE P:ODEM. ( 2). Abbati Sancti Galli. Ex tenore litterarum uestrarum accepimus quod S. monachus monasterii uestri una die ordines acolitatus et subdiaconatus assumpsit, ct antequam super hiis dispensationis gratiam obtiueret ad alios sacros accessit et ministrauit uichilo- 1 The great Benedictine abbey of Montmajour, near Aries, claimed as its founder either St. Trophiraus, first bishop of Aries, or St. Hilary of Aries. In reality it was founded in 948. Its ruins are still imposing (Fisquet, La France Pontificate, Aries, p. 766). One of the earliest grants of indulgences on record is a charter to the abbey by Pons Archbishop of Aries, about the year 1000, but it is an evident forgery (D Achery, Spicilegium, T. III. p. 383). CVII. DE PROMOTO A NOX SUO EPISCOPO. 115 minus in eisdem. Super quibus petistis ei do misericordia sedis apostolice subueniri. Nos autem domini pape etc. (juateuus in- iuncta ei etc. usque admittatis. CVII. DE PROMOTO A NON suo EPISCOPO. Episcopo . J. presbiteri latoris presentium confessio continebat quod egressus olim de terra sua et parte coguitionis sue ad quosdam qui eum consanguinitatis linea contingebant so in Ungariam traustulit, et ut incola fieret spe concepta, omnes sacros ordines a loci diocesano suscepit. Dictis autem eonsanguineis reuersis in patria rediuit cum illis ad propria quos do aliona fuerat subsecutus, ordinatoris tamen littcras non obmisit. Verum ut ordinum susceptionem huiusmodi cautele habundantia muniat, sup- plicauit humiliter super hoc sibi sedis apostolice gratia prouideri. Sane quia quid eins conuersationis morita exigant ox ipsius con- uersatione ac eorum cum quibus conuersatus est testimonio potestis aduertere, circumspection i uestre auctoritate domini pape committi- mus quatenus si mores in eo prernisse supplication! rcspondeant ipsum super premissis ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Electo Rothomagensi. Ex tenore litterarum uestrarum ot con- fessione W. presbiteri presentium portitoris accepimus quod i]>se olim cum quodam socio suo causa societatis ad episcopum Sagieu- sem accedens, a quo sicut ipse dicebat ad sacros orat ordines pro- mouendus, idem socius suns per quasdam falsas litteras quas ox parte capituli rothomagensis composucrat pro seipso in quibus nomeu eius iuseruit eo inrequisito ct penitus inconsulto eundem procurauit ab eodem episcopo nullo procio uel pactiono aliqua precedente in presbiterum promoueri. Verum cum ad sui peruenit notitiam uitium in huiusmodi ordinis susceptione contractum ab executione ipsius ordinis abstiuuit reuerenter. Super (pio ad apos- tolicam sedem accessit supplioans salutari sibi consilio prouideri. Nos igitur auctoritate domini pape ipsum ad uos romittimus uestre 116 CVIII. DE PROMOTO IN APULIA. prouidentie com mitten tes quatenus iniuncta sibi pro cnlpe modo penitentia competent! eoque ad tempns etc. CVIII. DE PROMOTO ix APULIA. Abbati de Quartaria Cisterciensis ordinis. Ex partc uestra fuit propositura coram nobis quod frater G. monachus monasterii uestri ante religionis ingressum percgre proficiscens in subsidium terre sancte in partibtis Calabrie sabbato pentecostes a quodam episcopo greco diaconatus ordineni et ad propria rediens a suo diocesano presbiteratum suscepit et ministrauit hactenus in ordinibus sic susceptis. Super quibus fuit liumiliter supplicatum sibi de prouidentia sedis apostolice misericorditer prouideri. Quia uero cligna est fauore etc. usque quatenus si constiterit quod ordina- tione predict! (T. rituni et forniam sacrosanct i Romane ecclesie ipsius obseruauerit ordinator, iniuncta ei penitentia etc. 1 DE KODKM. (2). Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. Habet hoc rclatio - - presen- titim portitoris quod ipse olim beati Nicolay sicut uoucrat limitibus uisitatis diuertit ad nobilein uiruin Comitcni Bizacensem apud qnein aliquanto tcmpore moram faciens, ad presentationem ipsius per - - Rapollensem episcopum 2 ad onmes sacros ordines est promotus, absque uitio syraonie, et tandum ad propria rediens de licentia predecessoris uestri B. bone memorie in stiis ordinibus hactenus ministrauit. Nunc autcm cum littcris uestris ad apos- tolicam sedem accedens nt tnta conscientia ministraret snpplicauit sibi de ipsius prouidentia subueniri. Nos autein prouidentie uestre 1 This is a duplicate of rubric civ. case 3 presumably introduced a second time to illustrate the feature of ordination by a bishop of another diocese. - The see of Rapolla was united with that of Melfi in 1528. The shrine of St. Nicholas at Bari was a place of great resort by pilgrims, ever since some mer chants by a pious robbery brought his relics thither in 1087 from Myra in Lycia (Sigeberti Gemblacens. Chron. ann. 1087). The Venetians also claimed that his body was brought to their city in 1097, but the Barians asserted that these were the remains of inferior saints rejected by the first spoilers. Baron. Annal. ann. 10S7 n. 21. CVIII. DE PROMOTO IN APULIA. 117 auctoritate domini papc committimus qtiatenus si est ita ot alias ci uitc meritum etc. ipsum in executione suortim ordinum sibi ab anteccssore uestro eoncessa miser icordi tor tolleretis. DE EODEM. (3). Archiepiscopo Patracensi. - prosbiteri latoris present! urn confessio continebat quod ipse olim in pueritia eonstitutus de ultra- marinis partibus in Apuliam ueniens ibi diutius rnoram fecit et ut incola fieret spe concepta ab episcopo Tortibulensi 1 loci diocesano pure ac simpliciter ad omnes minores et sacros ordines est promotus statutis a iure teraporibus, et miuistrauit in illis, et tandem se ad partes transfereus Romauie in uestra disposuit ot iam incepit metro- poli commorari. Verum ut sic susceptorum ordinum executionem babeat supplicau.it sibi a sede apostolica per dispensationis gratiam salutari consilio prouideri. Nos igitur auctoritate domini pape [eum] ad uos remittimus uestre prouidentie committentes quatenus iniuncta sibi pro culpe modo penitentia competent! etc. Tandem si ei et uite meritum etc. liberam dispensationis ianuam aj)eriatis eidem. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo Tulleusi. - presbiteri latoris presentium petitio continebat quod cum olim ad partes Apulie cum uobili uiro duce Lotharingie 2 suo domino accessisset ad presentationem eius promit- tentis eidem in ecclesiastico beueficio prouidere et ad mandatum Traueusis archiepiscopi per - - Andriensem episcopum eius suffraganeum ad presbiteratus ordinem est promotus et ministrauit nichilominus in eodem. Super quo sibi petiit sedis apostolice misericordia subueniri. Nos autem prouidentie uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quateuus iniuncta etc. usque admittatis. 1 The see of Tortiboli was united to that of Lucera in the fifteenth century. 2 Mathieu II. Duke of Lorraine is said to have made five expeditions to the Holy Land, but Dona Calmet (Hist, de Lorraine, II. 23(5) considers them all ficti tious. The one about which there would seem to be the least doubt was attrib uted to the crusade of Amaury de Montfort in 1237. From one of them he is said to have been recalled by news that the Bishop of Strassburg had invaded his dominions, when he returned in time to defeat the enemy. The above brief shows that about this period a Duke of Lorraine was in Calabria and lends probability to at least one crusade by Mathieu. 118 cix. ex. cxi. CIX. DE EODEM SED MALE PROMOTO. Episcopo - . Latoris presentium petitio continebat quod ipse olim miuoribus ordinibus ab autecessore uestro susceptis, transtulit se ad partes Apulie ibique aliquanidiu moram faciens per - Laquedonicnseni episcopuin statutis temporibus ad sacros ordiues promotus fuit absqtie uitio symonie, ministrans nichilominus in eisdem. Super quibus apostolice sedis misericor- diain implorauit petcus liumiliter oitis sedis prouidentia subueniri. Nos auteiu prudentie ucstre auctoritate domiui pape committimus quatenus postquam prefatus iii online Cisterciensi uel Cartusiensi, fratrum predicatorum aut fratruin ininorum sen Premonstratensium habitum regulareiu susceperit ct professus fuerit in eodem, iniuncta ei penitentia salutari etc. usque admittatis. OX. I)E MONOCULO JAM PllOMOTO. Episcopo Sucssionensi. Viso impedimento W. inonachi presbi- teri latoris presentium ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum auctori tate domini ])ape ucstre prouidentie committentes quatenus postquam idem habitum religionis assumpserit et professus fuerit cum ipso circa sui executionem officii misericorditer dispensetis, ita tamen quod extra religionem uel j)opulo 11011 ministret. CXI. DE EG QUI CELEBRAT IN ORDINE NON SUSCEPTO. Abbati de Orta Premonstratensis ordinis. Lator presentium diaconus monachus monasterii uestri humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod ipse olim a rnonasterio uestro animi leuitate recessit, et diu in sacerdotal! presumpsit oificio ministrarc, propter quod humiliter ]>enitens sedis apostolice clementiam adiit raise- CXI. DE CELEBRANTE IN ORDIXE XON SUSCEPTO. 119 ricordiam pctiturus. Nos autem sperantcs quod in clausura monasterii digna peniteutia dcplorabit que fugitiuus in seculo uaga et dampnosa libertate commisit, prouidentie uestre auctori- tate domini pape committimus quatcnus iniuncta ei penitentia etc. usque obsistat, cum ipso quoad executioneni receptor urn dum- taxat ordinum dispensetis, -interdicto sibi ad gradum officii sacer- dotalis ascensu, ut iusto iudicio assecutioneni illius ordinis non attingat in cuius executione presumptuose anticipationis temeritate peccauit. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Wigorniensi. Humili nobis A. clericus lator presen- tium coufessione monstrauit quod cum idem infra octauum decimum annum in seruitio cuiusdam presbiteri moraretur ad niandatum ipsius euangelium legit in missa. Super quo sibi petiit apostolice sedis misericordia subueniri. Nos autem attendentes quod ad id nou ex malicia sed simplicitate, non libertate arbitrii sed mandatis necessitatis proruperit, auctoritate domini pape iuxta inoduni culpe iniunximus ei propter hoc penitentiara competentem et dispensatii- mns misericorditer cum eodem. DE EODEM. (3). Pauper diaconus lator presentium domino pape humiliter est confessus quod ipse olim se presbiterum mentiens bis misse pre- sumpsit officia celebrare, propter quod sedis a[>ostolice clemeutiam adiit misericordiam petiturus. Nos autem domini pape auctoritate uobis committimus quatenus iniuncta sibi penitentia competent! et eo ad tempus etc. usque uite merituin etc. non obsistat,, permittatis ipsum in suscepto dumtaxat ordine ministrare, interdicto sibi ad gradum officii sacerdotalis ascensu ut iusto etc. 1 1 The leniency shown in these cases would be inexplicable were it not for the crucial distinction drawn by the Roman Church between public and secret crimes. " Scandal " is always more dreaded than sin, and if the faithful can be kept in ignorance of the wrong-doing of an ecclesiastic his admission to pardon is facile. In fact it was a maxim that "occulta peccata vindictam non habent" and it was a disputed point among the doctors whether a priest guilty of secret homicide needed a dispensation and whether he incurred "irregularity" by celebrating mass (Baptista de Saulis Summa Rosella s. v. Dispensatio). Few clerical offences 120 CXII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT ETC. CXII. DE EO QUI DUBITAT ALIQUEM ORDINEM OBMISSISSE. Abbati Sancti Saluatoris. F rater monaclius mouasterii uestri lator presentium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod duobus de minoribus sicut credit obmissis ad sacros ordines alias fuit promottis. Cum autem de obmissione duorum in dubium reuocet supplicauit humiliter super hoc sibi de prouidentia sedis apostolice subueniri. Quia uero non intelligitur iteratum quod nescitur esse factuni discretion! uestre auctoritate domiui pape committimus quatenus dicto - - a sacrorum ordinura execu- tione suspeuso donee rite recipiat quos credit obmissos, tandem si aliud canonicum non obsistat ad sui executionem officii restituatis eundem. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Subdiaconi latoris presentium petitio con- tinebat quod cum olim in pubertatis tempore promotus fuisset ad ordines et de susceptione ordinis subdiaconatus esset incertus fecit se de prudentium consilio ad eundem ordinem promoueri. Quia uero non intelligitur iteratum etc. usque quatenus si est ita et aliud canonicum non obsistat, [non] reputetis eundem propter premissa irregularitatis impedimento teneri, iniungatis tamen ei aliquod penitentie ad cautelam. are more heinous than celebrating mass without priest s orders, for it is not only a sacrilegious contempt of the Venerable Sacrament but it forces all those present to commit idolatry. As such it was justiciable by the Inquisition and in the six teenth century the Spanish Holy Office customarily punished such offenders with from three to six years in the galleys at the oar. This was merciful, for Paul IV., Sixtus V. and Clement VIII. successively issued constitutions in which such offend ers were ordered to be degraded by the Inquisition and " tradi debere curiae ssecu- lari debita animadversione puniendos" the customary formula for relaxation and burning (Clement. PP. VIII. Constit. Etsi alios, 1 Dec. 1601 ap. Magn.Bullar. Roman. FA. Luxemb. III. 142). In 1744 these provisions were confirmed and sharpened by Benedict XIV. in his constitution Sarerdo* (Bullar. Bened. PP. XIV. T. I. p. 152). Yet even after the bull of Clement VIII. we find a regular formula of the Penitentiary pardoning this offence and granting a dispensation to the offender enabling him to be promoted to the priesthood and to fill any office and attain any dignity (Leonis Praxis, p. 329). cxiii. cxiv. 121 CXIII. DE PRESENTATO AD ORDINES SUB CONDITIONS. Archieplscopo Compostellano. P. cleric! latoris presentium peti- tio contiuebat quod - - archipresbiter suns ipsum, pro eo quod decimas et debita quedam alia sibi ct ecclesie Compostellane sub- traxerat, nollet ad ordiues preseutare, sciens eunclem ex huiusmodi subtractione mortal iter peccauisse. Idem cognita culpa de sub- tractis satisfacere et ex tune alia sicut tenetur fidelitcr resignare promisit, et sic purgato peccato quo prescntationem retardare uide- batur ipsius, presentatus ab - - archipresbitcro rnemorato ad presbiteratus ordinem est promotus. Super quo etc. Xos autem etc. usque admittatis. CXIY. DE EO QUI PROMOVETUR CONTRA PROHIBITIONEM ORDINARY Episcopo Lamecensi. Accedens ad apostolicam sedeiu frater P. lator presentium sua nobis confessione moustrauit quod cum olim pie memorie antecessor uester sub pena excommunicationis inhibu- isset ne quisquam absque suo mandato ad ordiues suseipieudos accederet, idem frater iuris iguorantia et simplicitatis ruditate laborans subdiaconatus et diaconatus ordiues, diuisis tamen tem- poribus, contra huiusmodi prohibitionem suscepit et iu eisdeiu postmodum miuistrauit. Idemque nichilominus mentione non habita de preraissis a uobis fuit in presbiterum ordinatus. Tan dem per aliorum prudeutiam suani imprudeutiam recognoscens ad frugem melioris uite se traiistulit in domo templi habitu religioui.s assumpto ut sub regular! s obseruantia discipline et dainpna pre terit! temporis defleat et futuri reliquias non admittat. Ceterum ut m quibus offend it in cisdem suo satisfaciat creator! humiliter supplicauit in ordinibus sic susceptis sibi misericordie iauuain aperiri. Quia tiero hiis qui in amaritudine anime sunt consola- tioms est remedio succurrendum ut post penitentie uerbera pieta- tis uerba sentiant, prefatum - - ad uos duximus remitteudum auctoritate etc. quateuus iniuucta ei pro culpe modo etc. usque obsistat, petition! eius circa premissa per dispeusationis gratiam pium impendatis prosecntionis affect urn. 122 cxv. ex vi. cxv. DE EO QUI PROMISIT SE [NON] INPETITURUM PRESENTATOREM VEL ORDINATOREM SUUM. Episcopo - . Latoris prescntium petitio continebat quod cum olim cssct in subdiaconurn promouendus, arcliidiacono loci petentc, simplici ucrbo proraisit quod super prouisione sua nou molestaret eundera, et uon credens ex huiusmodi promissione peccare, presentatus ab - arcliidiacono supradicto ordineni subdiaconatus assumpsit, ministrans nichilominus in eodem. Super quo sibi petiit etc. Nos autem prudentie uestre etc. quatenus si pactio uel conditio nulla precessit prefato - - pro culpe modo iniuncta penitentia etc. eoque ad tempus etc. usque non obstante, ip.sum ad dispcnsationis gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (2). Archic piscopo . Ex parte presbiteri diocesis fuit propositum coram nobis quod cum idem esset per episcopum suum ad sacros ordines proraouendus iurameuti uinculo se astrinxit quod ipsum uel ecclesiam eius super prouisione sua nullatenus molestaret. Super quo etc. Quia uero diocesanus suus causam culpe dedissc uidetur, uobis qtii metropolitanus eius existitis auctoritate domiui papa duximus committendum etc. usque dispensetis. CXYI. DE SERVO PROMOTO AD ORDINES. Abbati de Bruer. Cisterciensis ordinis. Fratris Symonis monachi monasterii uestri petitio coutinebat quod cum episcopus suus in celebratione ordinum generale excommunicationis premississet edictum ne quis seruilis conditionis existens ad ordines suscipiendos accederet, idem quern seruus de uxore aucilla suscepit post excom- municationem huiusmodi ignorante domino suo ordinem acolitatus asssumpsit, et processu temporis religionem iugressus et astrictus obseruantie regulari ad omnes sacros ordines est promotus et miuis- trauit in ipsis, absolutionis beneficio non obtento. Super quibus CXVII. I)E ILLTCITIS JUR A MENTIS. 123 petitum est humiliter sedis apostolice prouidentia sibi misericordi- ter subueniri. Quia uero digna est fauoris prosecutione religio prudentie uestre etc. quatenus si prefatus post religionis ingressum a suo domiDO nou fuit infra triennium requisitus 1 eo at) excommu- nicationc huiusmodi absolute ac iniuncta ei penitentia salutari ad tempos prout expedire uiderctis ab cxecutione sic susceptorum ordinum suspendatis eundem, postmodum etc. usque obsistat, per dispensations gratiam ueuie.ianuara aperiatis eidem. CXVII. DE ILLICITIS JURAMENTIS. Abbati Ferr[ariensi ?] Cisterciensis ordinis. Jec. de Bairaii. iurauit ut asserit se filio miuime lociiturura. Sane cum patrem federis repugnet affectio inde stiperstitio iuramenti couscientiam eius premat. Supplicauit humiliter sibi super hiis prouidentia sedis apostolice subneniri. Veruni cum in mails premissis rcscindenda sit fides et mutandum in turpi uoto decrettim, auctoritate doniini pape etc. quatenus prefatum - - demmcietis predicte iurationis obseruantie non teneri, iniungatis tamen ei penitentiain salutarem de periurio quod non transgressione fidei sed temcritate iuraudi noscitur incurrisse. Cum enim tres co mites habere debeat iura- mentum, ueritatem scilicet, indicium et iustitiam, iusiurandi non attulit uiuculum iuratio talibus destituta. 1 The rule implied here that a master must within three years reclaim his fugi tive slave admitted to orders would seem to be unknown to the strict canon law of the period. No prescription of time against the master s rights was specified by Gelasius I., about 495, in an epistle, embodied by Gratian in his Decretum (P. i. Dist. liv. c. 12) concerning slaves who without permission entered monas teries or were ordained, and the same principle is enunciated in the Carlovingian legislation preserved as in force in the Decretals of Gregory IX. (Lib. i. Extra Tit. xviii. c. 2). The ordination of a slave not publicly manumitted was uncanonical ; he was to be degraded and returned to his master (Gratian. ubi sup. c . 2). In practice however the rule sprang up that the master must reclaim his slave within a year, if in secular orders, while he was allowed three years if the slave became a monk, for the reason that a monk is presumably hidden in his monastery. There was a dispute moreover whether this limit was to be computed from the date of ordination or from the time when the master became apprised of the fact, Jo. Friburgens. Summse Confessorum Lib. m. Tit. xvii. Q. 6. 124 CXVIII. DE JURAMENTO NON SERVATO. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. Receptis litteris uestris pro monacho uestro latore presentium nobis transmissis ipsum ad uos, auctoritate doinini pape cum eisdem litteris ct cedilla que contineba- tur in eis presentibus interclusis, ab excommunicationis uinculo quo tcncbatur astrietus iuxta formam ecclesie absolutum et a sacrorum ordinum executione suspensum, ad uos duxiraus remittendum nestre prouidentie committentes quatenus iniuncta ei pro culpe modo pcni- tentia competenti ipsum in minoribus duiutaxat ordinibus tolleratis, eundem in suo monasterio recipi facieutes non obstante mandate quod ei abbas suus de non redeundo ad claustrum fecisse dicitur sub debito prestiti iuramenti, dispensationis misericordia in sacris ordinibus a sede apostolica nou obtenta. ^N"on enim ad id alligare potuit itis mandati quod non ex sui arl)itrio sed superioris potestate dependet. CXVIII. DE JURAMENTO LICITO xox SERVATO. Episcopo Bai[o]censi. Latoris presentium petitio continebat quod cum olim apud Bononiam moraretur in scolis et tarn pro se quam pro sociis fuisset obligatus in raultis, a credentibus illis non esset creditoribus satisfactum, iurauit se uon recessurum Bononia nisi eorum petita liceutia et obtenta. Sane cum idem postmodum soluendo nou esset, nee haberet etiam subsidium cxpensarum, liceutiam postulauit ab eis ut tain ab ipso quam a sociis debita soluerentur. Cum autcm liceutiatus esset a pluribus, aliquibus contradicentibus, recessit, quendam ciuem bononiensem nichilominus ducens secum per quern commodius satisfacere posset creditoribus memoratis. Verum cum sit plenarie satisfactum de debitis petiit humilitcr sibi super trangressione huiusmodi iuramenti misericor- diter subueniri. Nos autem etc. quatenus si de huiusmodi satis- factione predicta uobis constiterit, et culpain eiu.s notitia publica in partibus uestris non producat in scaudalum, iniuncta ei etc. usque obsistat, eidem dispensationis aditum non claudatis. CXIX. DE PERJURIO. 125 DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo . presbiteri latoris presentium petitio continebat quod ipse olim quandam pecunie summam terraino statuto, sicut cuidam creditor! iuraraento promiserat, quia non potuit non persoluit. Verum quia de iuraraento prestito metuit consilium super hoc apostolicc sedis adiit. Quia uero promis- siouis transgressor cesseri [cessarej non debet, cui ut (licit inopia possibilitatem ademit, noii credimus ipsum peccatum periurii in- currisse, non tamen liberatur ii debito quin satisfaciat ut tenetur si ad frugem fortune peruenerit pinguioris. CXIX. DE PERIURIO. Episcopo Asisinati. Pro periurio - - presbiterum latorem presentium sicut audiuimus ab officio et beneficio suspenclistis, super quo uirgam patris sensit in pcna, sed ad ubera matris aspirat pro uenia, ut post uini rigorcm olei sentiat lenimontura. Quia uero de precedeuti circumspcctione colligimus quid de futura sperenitis, prefatum - ad uos duximus remittendum ucstre prouidentie committentes ut cum satisfactum fuerit uirgc manne gratiam per dispensationis prouidentiam prout expedire uideritis non negetis. In archa enim federis et uirga continebatur et manna ut in pastoris pecore comes sit misericordia discipline, quatenus mutua substitu- tione uallentur ue una sine altera relinquatur. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Cuseutino. A. prcsbiter lator presentium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod uos olim occasioue cuiusdam periurii quod commiserat ab officio suspendistis enndem, qui ad apostolicam sedem accedens hec etalia bone memorie fratri Radulfo domini pape penitentiario humiliter confessus fuit, qui eius confes sione audita ipsum a predicto periurio sicut dicit absoluit, per suas litteras uobis committens ut eidem propter hoc iuiungeretis peui- tentiam competentem, et quia de suspeusione non ftiit aliqua mentio in litteris mernoratis, sicut ex litteris uestris accepimus, licet ei 126 penitentiara iude dederitis qtiain pro maiori parte peregit, ipsum tanien ad suuin officium restituere noluistis propter quod itcrura coactus est ad sedem apostolieam laborare. Nos autem paupertati, laboribus et expensis ipsius compatientes auetoritate domini pape ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum ucstrc prouidentie commit- tentes quatemis considorato quid liceat, quid expediat cum dicto A. prout et uite ineritum exegerit et honestatem ecclesiasticam decuerit faciatis. cxx. DP: MATRIMONIO SIMPLJCI. Episcopo Leodiensi. Clerico ucstre diocesis accepimus intimante quod cum - - mulierem sibi matrimonialitcr copulassct, pareutes tandena mulieris eiusdem ipsos ex liuore quern conceperant contra cos quod spiritual! se fraternitate coutingereiit, coram loci ordiuario detulerunt, qui cognitis cause meritis diffinitiuam pro matrimonio sententiam promulgauit. Verum ue quid cautele dcessct, tarn cleri- cus predictus quam - - uxor eius set! is apostolice cousilium implorarunt, si pretextti delationis huiusmodi quern nee ad coii- scientiam iudicis probatio pertulit, nee in eorurn conscientiam probabilis intulit coniecturam, subtralii debeat quod debeatur usui copule maritalis. Quia tiero et factum et facti circumstan- tias pleniori uos credimus apprchendisse notitia committimus quatenus si premissis ueritas suffragatur et aliud rationabile 11011 obsistat, prefato - et uxori eius circumspectio ucstra denun- ciet quod propter predicta nee impediri debet exactio nee retardari solutio debiti coniugalis. CXXI. DE MATRIMONIO IN QUARTO ET QUINTO CONSANGUINITATIS GRADU CONTRACTO. Archiepiscopo Ragusino. Siguificasti per litteras quosdam con- ciues uestros in distantia quart! et quinti gradus consanguinitatis sibi ad inuicem attinentcs sponsalia contraxisse. Sane talis cou- sueuit regula dari ut cum de graduurn distantia queritur quoto CXXII. DE MATRIMONIO CXXIII. DE SPONSALIBUS. 127 gradu persona remotior distat a stipite toto gradu persone de qui- bus agitur distare ceusentur, propter quod liuiusmodi sponsalia non credimus dirimenda. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Autibarensi. Vidimus litteras quas misistis super quibus breuiter rescribimus quod talis consueuit regula dari ut cum de graduum etc. usque censentur propter quod matrimonia coutracta in distantia quart! et quinti gradus non credimus dirimenda. CXXII. DE MATRIMONIO CONTRACTO PER VIM ET METUM. Episcopo Traiectensi. Voraldi layci uestre diocesis latoris pre- scntium petitio continebat quod cum esset hospitatus in domo cuius filiam procabatur, parentes illius hoc cognito quosdam caute intro- duxerunt armatos qui de uocte in eundem laycum pro suis surgen- tem negotiis irruentes compuleruut ipsum animo dissentientem omnino per uim et met tun sui hospitis filiam accipere pro uxore, a qua recessit protinus nullo alio consensu adhibito aut carnali copula preuia uel secuta. Quia uero cum alia in facie contraxit ecclesie consuluit si ei cum ipsa sit liberum arbitrium remanere. Nos autem in foro penitentie iuris dubium non uidemus. Quod si id in iudicii contentionem deducitur prout merita probationum exegerint index dirimet questionem. CXXIII. DE SPONSALIBUS COXTRACTIS INFRA SEPTEXXIUM. Episcopo Herbipolensi. Nobilis uiri Heurici de Castello uestre diocesis petitio continebat quod olim parentes ems cum parentibus cuiusdam puelle, de contraheudis per uerba de future sponsalibus inter ipsum qui septennis erat et eandem puellam que nondum etatis annum peregerat, habuere tractatum. Sane cum dictus Henricus contractum huiusmodi ratum uullatenus habuisset, cum CX XIV. DE MATRIMOXIO. ad etatem peruenii legitimam nobilem inulierem B. nomine iu tortio consanguinitatis gradu oidem puelle attinentem, in facie ecclcsie sibi matrimonialitcr oopulauit ct prolem suscepit ex ea. Super quo apostolice sedis remediuiu imploranit. Nos autem etc. quate- nus si est ita et aliud canonicnin non obsistat prefatos IT. ct R. [B.] dimittatis in usu copule sic coutracte. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Habet relatio - - present! nm portitoris quod cum olim inter ipsuni et quandam puellam de uoluntate paren- tum de facto fuissent eontracta sponsalia, ptiella infra septennium ct ipso infra pubertatis tempora existente. Tandem antequam ilia ad annum duodecimum peruenisset ct expresse consentirct in ilium, dissentientibus uotis ab inuicem diuerterunt, et prcdicto in quorun- dam manibus promitteute se religionis habitum susccptiirnm pre- dicta puella ad alterius nuptias ut dieitur conuolauit. Nos autem etc. qiiatenus si est ita et aliud non obsistat, et illam in copula sic eontracta et istum in concepto proposito continentie dimittatis. CXXIV. DE MATRIMOXIO CONTIIACTO POST VOTUM SOLEMPXE. Archiepiscopo Arelatensi. - latrix presentiuin proposuit coram nobis quod cum olim cum qtiodam per uerba contraxerat de present!, carnali copula sul>secuta, ille ad domum templi se transtulit ibidem se uinculo professionis astringens et ipsa in manibus uestris iurainento promisit se ad religionem aliquam transituram. Verum cum tune undecirnum ctatis non peregcrit annum et de incontinentie stimulo formidaret ad nullius religionis se transtulit habitum sed in seculo remaneus, primo premortuo contraxit postmodum cum secundo ct commistione mutua facti sunt una caro. Ceterum cum super hoc manum tiestrarn sibi grauem et difficilem sentiat sicut dicit, sedem apostolicam adiit consilium postnlans saltitare. Quia uero de facto etc. usque remittendam, de special! mandato domini pape ucstre prouidentic committentes qiiatenus si dicta ueritate nitantur nuilierem permittatis candcm in huiusmodi copula re- nianere iniuncta ei de periurio penitentia competenti. CXXV., CXXVI. DE MATRIMOXIO. 129 cxxv. DE MATRIMOXIO COXTRACTO POST VOTUM SIMPLEX. Episcopo Sues*ano. Cum not urn simplex licet impediat contra- hendtim non tamen dirimat matrimonium iam contraction, in casu quern continet pagina uestra presentibus interclusa, que mitten ti remittitur ad cautelam, non uidemus quod iisum interdieit matri- monii consummati, cum pcrsonas de quibus agitur uotum solempne continentie non astringat: uouenti tamen de uoti simplicis fractione innugenda est penitentia salutaris, nee tarn leuis quod uotum ueniat in coutemptum, nee tarn grauis quod sequens bonum matrimonii non afferat modem men. CXXVI. DE EO QUI COXTRAXIT IX SACRIS ORDIXIBUS COXSTITUTUS. Episcopo Palentino. Litteras quas per diaeonum latorem presentium ad sedem apostolicam destinastis et confessionem ipsiu.s scriptam uobis mittimus presentibus iuterclusam, auctoritate etc. quateuus si mulierem ipse pro concubina retinuit de qua fecistis in uestris litteris mentionem,eundem asententia in concubinarios clericos promulgata iuxta forma m ecclesie absoluatis et inungatis ei etc. usque dispensetis. Si uero matrimoniali copula sint coniuncti super hoc ordinario iure poteritis prosequi debitum officii pastoralis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Ymolensi. Guidonis subdiaconi canonici Ymolensis latoris presentium confessio continebat quod postquam fuit ad ordi- nem subdiaconatus assumptus quandam uirginem sibi sub umbra matrimonii copulans per plures annos cohabitauit eidem. Tandem apertis intelligentie oculis, cognita culpa, mulierem dimisit eandem. Super quo etc. Nos autem etc. quateuus si est ita iniuncta ei etc. ut in forma. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo . Habet assertio Raynerii sacerdotis preseutium portitoris quod idem ad sacerdotale promotus officium quandam 130 CXXVI. DE MATRIMOXIO IN SACRIS ORDINIBUS. uirgiuem sibi sub umbra matrimouii copulauit ct per v. menses cohabitauit eidem. Verum cum predicta mulier propinquornm lisa consilio alii legitime nupserit, et ipse propter hoc sit a uobis ab ofticii executione suspensus quousque apostolice sedis oraculum im- ploret, supplicauit luunilitcr sibi super hiis de ipsius misericordia subueuiri. Xos autcin etc. prouideutie uestre quatenus iniuucta ei etc. usque retento. Demum etc. usque admittatis. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo Eleuensi. Raynaldi subdiacoui latoris present! um confessio continebat quod postquam ordinem subdiacouatus as- sumpsit, uirginem quandam sub matrimouii sibi umbra copulaus per plures auuos cohabitauit eidem et ex ea prolem suscepit. Tandem apertis intelligence ocuilis, cognita culpa, sedem apos- tolicam adiit supplican.s etc. Xos autem etc. quatenus postquam itidicio ecclesie fuerint separati iniuncta ei etc. Demum cum re- ligionem intrauerit et profcsstis fuerit in eadem ipsum alio non obstante canonico ad dispeusationis gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (5). Episcopo Raceburgensi. R. subdiaconi uestre diocesis latoris pre- seutium confessio continebat quod ipse simplicitatis errore laborans sub umbra matrimonii tiiduam quandam duxit ac cohabitauit eidem, et tandem apertis intelligence oculis, coguita culpa, de mandato bone memorie - - episcopi predecessoris uestri, abiurauit eandem. Super quo cum in religione desideret domino familiar! supplicauit a sede apostolico sibi per dispensationis gratiam misericorditer prouideri. Xos igitur etc. usque quatenus si est ita iniuncta pre- dicto R. penitentia competenti ac interdicto sibi ad superiores ascensu, ipsum ad tempus ab executione susccptorum ordinum iuxta quod expcdire uideretis suspendatis, et tandem cum idem R. aliquam intrauerit de religionibus approbatis, uinculo se pro- fessionis astringens, cum ipso super executione minorum et sub- diaconatus dumtaxat ordinum, si scandal um et aliud cauonicum nou obsistat, prout merita conuersatiouis exegerunt dispensetis. DE EODEM. (6). Episcopo Pennensi. - presbiteri uestre diocesis latoris present! um confessio continebat quod ip.se olim cum quadam uirgine CXXVII. DE CLERICO QUI CONTRAXIT ETC. 131 per uerba cle present! contraxit et ea sciente postmodum ad omnes sacros ordines est promotus et ministrauit in illis. Verum cum dicta mulier ut dicitur iam uouerit castitatem supplicauit idem presbiter super premissis salutari sibi consilio prouideri. Nos igitur auctoritate domiui pape etc. usque quatenus si dicta mulier illius etatis existit quod de ipsius statu sinistra non possit haberi suspicio, ea in manibus uestris uotum castitatis sollempniter einit- tente, iniungatis predicto presbitero penitentiam salutarem, ac cum ipso si aliud canonicum non obsistat dispensetis. Vel si dicta mulier in manibus uestris uoto eontinentie se astrinxit uel uelit astringere et etatis testimonium reddat earn de carnis lubrico uon suspectam, iniuncta clerico, pro eo quod ante uxoris assensum se ordinibus sic ligatus ingessit, penitentia salutari, in executione ordinum susceptorum, alio canouico non obstante, dispensationis ianuam aperiatis eidem. CXXVII. DE CLERICO QUI CONTRAXIT CUM VIRGIXE ET ALIUS TIIORUM MACULA VIT IPSIUS. Archiepiscopo Senouensi. Humili nobis - acolitus confes- sione monstrauit quod cum uos ipsum ad presentationem iiestri procuratorem [?] ad sacros uelletis ordines promouere, idem asseruit quod cum uirgine quadam contraxerat et carnalis inter eos copula fuerit subsecuta, et eo in aliena patria constitute, quidam clericus thorn m maculauerat eiusdem, uos manuni ordinationis rctraxistis ab eo. Quare apostolice sedis clementiam adiit stipplicans super hi is eius sedis prouidentia subueniri, cum sit ilia sublata de medio <mius occasione ipsius desiderium fuit hacteuus retardatum. Xos autem circumspectioni uestre etc. quateuus si post notitiam com- mistionis alterius se memorate nou commiscuit mulieri clericus antedictus, et predicta ueritate nitantur, ac ei uite meritum et fame testimonium suffragantur aliudque canonicum non obsistat eidem super ordinum receptione canonica benigni fauoris gratiam im- pendatis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Xoruiceusi. W. subdiaconi latoris presentium petitio coutiuebat quod olim in minoribus ordinibus coustitutus quandam 132 CXXVIII. DE ADULTERIO. in qua nullam sustinuerat pndor uirginalis ininriam legitime duxit nxorem, sed lapsu temporis ea iniustc dimissa iuris ignarns ordinem subdiaconatus assnmpsit et incaute ininistrauit in illo, quam tamen eensnra ecclesiastica resumcre compulit quam dimisit, Verum cum ilia sit uiam uniuerse carnis ingrcssa, sperans impedi- mento sublato facilius adesse remedium supplicauit humiliter et in ordine sic suscepto et in aliis reeipiendis pro tempore sibi sed is apostolice prouidcntia misericorditer subueniri. Nos an tern paternitati nest re etc. qnatenns oftensa predicta competent! casti- gatione purgata eoque ad tempns pront expedire nideritis a sic suscepti ordinis execntione snspenso, tandem si eidem et uite meritum etc. enndem super premissis alio non obstante canonico ad dispensations gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Tricentino [?]. Ex tenore litterarum quas domino pape misistis accepimns quod O. presbiter lator presentium cum esset in minoribns ordinibus coustitutus uirginem quandam sibi matrimo- nialiter eopnlanit et ea ninente processn temporis se fecit ad sacros ordines promoneri et iu eisdem postmodum ministranit. Uncle cum eadem mnlier coram uobis promiserit perpetuani castitatem, quid super hoc- uobis agendum sit snpplicastis per enndem dominum edoceri. Xos igitur de mandato ipsius domini uobis sic duximus respondendum, quod si dicta mnlier talis cxtitit quod liaberi non debcat de ipsa sinistra snspicio, permittatis earn in domo propria commorari. Alioquin stndeatis ])ro posse quod aliquam intret de religionibus approbatis. Delude uero presbiterum predictum post- quam ei propter hoc ininnxeritis penitentiam compctentem usque ad biennium ab execntione sacrornin ordinum suspendetis : biennio uero clapso si idem uite laudabilis fuerit et conuersationis honeste, ad predictos ordines restituatis eimdem et permittatis ipsum in eis libere miuistrare, si aliud canonicum non obsistat. CXXVIII. DE ADULTERIO PER PRESBITERUM PERPETRATO. Episcopo Aurelianensi. J. presbiteri ncstre diocesis latoris presen tium i>etitio continebat quod cum olim ab illicitis amplexibus cnius- CXXIX. DE ADULTER10. 133 dam conjugate se subtrahens lubricum earnis continentie cingulo temperaret, dicta mulier sue ac eiusdem presbiteri fame prodiga, eo absente presbitero, domus ems ingrediens res quas inuenerat appor- tauit, publicato sic criminc (jiiod latobat ; propter quod uos ipsum officio beneficioque suspensuin ad sedem apostolicam destinastis. JSTos autem etc. quatenus si ei et uite meritum etc. non immemores olci cum uinum profuerit uulneribus sauciati. Vel sic procedatis circa ipsum de misericordia ucl rigorc prout eius saluti uideritis expedire et ecclesiasticam decuerit honestatem. CXXIX DE EO QUI UXORE PROPTER Ar>ULTERIUM Dl.MLSSA RELIGIO- NEM INTRAVIT. Episcopo Melfitensi. Habct asscrtio fratris J. latoris prcsentiuin quod eo in seculo existenti cum - - uxor eius tliorum suum adulterio polluisset ea dimissa in hospital i saucti Johaunis Hicro- solimitani habitum regularem assumpsit, profcssiouis uinculo se astringens. Tandem inductus arctioris religionis obtentu ad or- diuem fratrum minorum se transtulit et aliquandiu mansit ibidem. Verum cum fratres eiusdem ordinis propter uxorcin sic dimissam ipsum retinere recusent ad apostolice sedis consurgit subsidinm humiliter supplicaus eius sibi prouidentie subueuiri. Quia uero de facto et facti etc. quatenus iuquisitis super liiis quo ftierint inquirenda, si de adulterio huiusmodi et quod adulterata ad sancta uota transient ad plenum nobis constiterit, litteras uestras eidem in testimonium concedatis per quas memorati fratres cert ificati de facto ipsum secura conscientia ualeant retinere. 1 1 It was an ancient rule of the Church that a husband could not take the vows of religion without the consent of his wife, who must likewise enter a nunnery, but adultery on the part of the wife released him from this obligation (Gregor. PP. I. Lib. xi. Epist. 50, ami. 601. (iratian. Cans. xxvu. Q. ii.c. 21). A curious case decided by Innocent III. in 1209 (Kegest. Lib. xn. Epist. 13) shows how the vow of religion was gradually obtaining predominance, and this is also indicated by the next rubric, cxxx. The question became one of temporary European importance when in 1327 Louis of Bavaria created as antipope the Franciscan Pier di Corbario ; he had been married before entering the order, his wife was still living, and though she had for many years acquiesced in the separa tion she now gave a flavor of comedy to the proceedings by coming forward and claiming that she had never yielded consent. Ptolomiei Lucens. Hist. Eccles. cap. xli. (Muratori S. K. I. XI. 1210.) Wadding, Annal. Minor, ann. 1328 n 8. 134 cxxx. cxxxi. cxxxn. cxxx. DE MULIERE QUI TEMERE A YIRO DISCESSIT ET INTRAVIT RELIGIONEM. Episcopo . Mulier culpa sua diucrtens a uiro et ingressa monasterium uiri repetitionera non habot, a uiro repeti forte posset, sed cum non repetatur in inonastcrio potest secura co n sc i e n t i a re man e re . CXXXI. DE EO QUI COGNOVIT CARNALITER CONSANGUINEAM UXORIS SUE. Episcopo Oxomensi. R. latoris presentium pctitio continebat quod ipse olim cum quadam per uerba de present! contraxit, et postmodum antequam esset inter eos carnalis copula subsecuta qnandam cousangnineam uxoris prediete ad tlioruin illicite corn- mi xtion is admisit, et deinuin predietam uxoreni eoguouit et colia- bitauit eidem. Super quo a sede apostolica supplicauit salutari sibi consilio subueniri. Xos igittir etc. quateuus si est ita utrum- que ad seruandam propriam eontiiientiani inducatis, quod si uxor ad id induci non poterit nir debitum soluat exactuni, ipse tamen uon exigat, cum amiserit ins petendi. CXXXII. DE EO QUI UXOREM RECEPIT QUAM SUUS CONSOBRINUS POST CONTRACTUM MATRIMONIUM OpPRESSERAT. Episcopo - . R. lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod ipse olim cum M. mulierc in facie ecclesie per uerba de pre- senti contraxit, quam quidam consobrinus eius post contractum matrimonium et ante carnalem copulam uiolenter oppressit. Verum cum idem ignarus oppressionis prediete illam traducens ex ea filios et filias procrcassct, mine apostolice sedis clementiam adiit suppli- cans sibi super hoc salutari cousilio prouideri. Nos igitur auctori- CXXXIII., CXXXIV. DE MATRIMONIO. 135 tate domini pape prouidentie uestre rescribimus quatenus si est ita ipsos ad seruandam contineutiam inducatis ; alioquin cum neuter uideatur in culpa et opprcssoris iniuria in re debiti coniugalis eos priuare nequiuerit, et affinitas opponi non debeat contract! fed us [federi?] matrimonii sic secuta, prefatis ob casum huiusmodi non interdicatis usum legitimum copule rnaritalis. CXXXIII. DE EO QUI COGNOVIT CARNALITER MATREM UXORIS SUE. Episcopo Marsicano. Intelleximus per litteras qua* misistis quod B. lator presentium uestre diocesis olim cum quadam puella infra annos nubiles constituta contraxit, cuius matrem postinodum cognouit carnaliter et demum teinpore apto copule couiugali eon- iunctus est filie comrnixtione carnali. Super quo etc. Quia uero in casu cousimili per decretum felicis doiniui Innocentii noscitur esse prouisum, per diffinitionem eiusdem circa ipstun credimus procedendum. 1 CXXXIV. DE EO QUI DUXIT IN MATKIMONIUM QUAM POLLUIT PER ADULTERIUM. Episcopo . Mulieris latricis presentium uestre diocesis confessio continebat quod J. laycus ipsam quain per adulterium uiuente marito polluerat eo mortuo publice duxit uxorem. Yerum cum neuter ipsorum in mortem primi machiuatus f uerit nee dictus laycus primo uiuente predicte mulieri fidem dederit de contrahendo cum ipsa, supplicauit prefata mulier, ne quis emulus in ipsam aliquid detractiouis impingat, sibi salutari consilio prouideri. Xos igitur etc. quatenus si est ita non interdicatis usum legitime copule 1 The decretal of Innocent III. is Lib. iv. Extra Tit. xii. cap. 8 "quod eis ab invicem separatis mulier alteri viro non nubat si postquam novit viri et matris delictum ei non erubuit commisceri. Vir etiam et mater mulieris nunquam de- bent ad alias nuptias convolare sed semper continentiam servare tenentur et enorme deflere delictum quod pro nefando libidine contraxerunt, pnesertim si circa personas huiusinodi de lapsu carnis minime timeatur." 136 cxxxv., cxxxvi. DE UXORATO PROMOTO. sic contracte, dummodo aliud non obsistat. Vel sic, si est ita et aliud non obsistat dimittatis eos in copula sic contracta. CXXXV. DE EG QUI PROMOTUS EST UXORE IGNORANTE. Archiepiscopo Neapolitano. Coufessus cst - - lator presen- tiuin quod oliin in minoribns ordinibus constitutus, uxore quam legitime duxerat inscia, sc fecit in subdiaconum promoueri. Super quo postulauit humiliter salutare sibi consilium impertiri. Xos autem de auctoritate et maudato domini pape prouideutie uestre committimus quatenns si cst ita pcrmittatis cum uxori debit um reddere licet ei sit exactio interdicta ; ab ingressu tamen ecclesie et alias a communione h delinni propter hoc non debet arceri. 1 CXXXVI. DE EO QUI PROMOTUS EST AD SACROS ORDINES DE LICEXTIA UXORIS SUE. Episcopo . Ex tenore litteraruin ucstraruni quas domino pape misistis et coufessione - presbiteri presentium portituris accepimus quod cum idem laycus esset, mulierem quandam in <jua mil lam sustinuerat pudor uirginalis iniuriam sibi matrimonialiter copulauit et ea innueiite ac licentiam tribucntc se fecit ad omnes ordines promoueri et in eisdem postmodum ministrauit. Veruin cum eadem mulier nelit ut dicitur pcrpetuam promittere castitatem supplicauit humiliter sibi super premissis apostolice sedis miseri- cordia prouidcri. Nos autem etc. quatenus si est ita et eadem mulier uoto continentie se astrinxit uel tielit astringi et etatis 1 This decision is in accordance with a decretal of Innocent III. Regest, xi. 204. The question of including subdeacons in the rule of celibacy was one which long remained unsettled. Even as late as 1207, the provincial council of Vienna, under the presidency of the legate Cardinal Guido, after decreeing the separation from their wives of all in holy orders, adds " De subdiaconis autem et praepositis uxoratis id ipsuni fieri decernimus, sed inducias vobis super hoc usque ad reserip- tum domini Papre damus." Batthyany, Legg. Eccles. Hung. II. 417. cxxx vii. cxxx vin. 137 testimonium reddat earn de carnis lubrico non suspectam, iniuncta predicto - - pro eo quod sic ligatus ad ordines se ingessit penitentia competent!, super executione ordinum susceptorum si aliud canonicuin non obsistat dispensationis ianuam aperiatis eidem. CXXXVII. DE VOTO COXTINEXTIE IX MATIUMOXIO FACTO. Episcopo Lincolniensi. Pro - - de Herfordio milite et - uxore sua fuit propositum coram nobis quod iidein ira commoti se non commisceri ulterius carnaliter ad inuicern pro- miserunt. Super quo cum de utriusque incontinentia probabiliter timeatur petebatur eorum saluti prouidentia sedis apostolice subue- niri. Quocirca prouidentie uestre etc. quatenus si dicta promissio non fuit uoto uallata ne temptationi detur occasio eis rautue solu- tionis licentiam carnis debito uon negetis. CXXXVIII. DE CLAXDESTIXA BENEDICTIONS NUBENTIUM. Episcopo Morinensi. 1 Ex tenore littcrarura quas domino pape misistis accepimus quod C. presbiter lator presentium per uos uinculo excommunicationis astrictus diuina celebrare presumpsit et quosdam clandestine matrimonialiter copulauit, propter quod ipsum ad sedem apostolicam destinastis absolutioois beueficium et dispensationis gratiam petiturum. Nos igitur attendentes quod dictus presbiter ex hoc non ex malitia sed ex simplicitate deliqtiit de speciali mandate domiui pape ipsum ad uos duximus remitten- dum ut circa eum sententiam relaxetis eandem, et iniuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competenti, eoque secundum statuta concilii generalis a sui officii executione suspenso, demum si aliud canoni- 1 The see of Terouane was extinguished in the redistribution of the bishoprics of the Netherlands by Philip II. in 1560. 10 138 CXXXIX. DE SPONSALIIS SIMULATIS. cum non obsistat cum ipso misericord iter dispcnsetis, tantum rigori concilii subtrahentes quod possit labori itineris compensari. 1 DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo . R. prcsbitero accepimus rcferente quod ipse olim contra inhibitionem generalis coucilii, non ex malitia sed ex simplicitate et iuris ignorantia potius, quosdam sine trina deuuncia- tione matrimonialiter copulauit. Unde cum ab officii sui sit exe- cutionc suspensus domino pape humiliter supplicauit ut secum super hiis misericorditer agere dignaretur. i^os autem paupertati ct labo- ribus compatientes eiusdem, attendentes ctiam quod uou ex malitia sicut assserit sed ex simplicitate deliquit, auctoritate doraini pape uestre discretioni duximus remittendum quatenus considerata dili- genter culpa ipsius iniuugatis ei propter hoc peuitentiam quam uideritis expedire, et cum eo prout melius noueritis dispensetis. CXXXIX. DE EO QUI SIMULATE SPONSALIA BENEDICIT. Archiepiscopo Remensi. Super simulata benedictione cuiusdam copule circa quam uir uersabatur in dolo, intendens sub nomine dumtaxat inani atque sub umbra mariti concepte consummatione libi- dinis illudere mulieri, et confcssionem audiuimus et supplicationem admissimus prcsentium portitoris, qtii ad facilitatem uenie preteude- batsimplicitatis errorem, additiens quod matrimonium tandem ueri- tas subsecuta simulationis purgauerat uitium precedentis. Quia uero de facto et facti circumstantiis, de quibus in partibus uestris plenior creditur haberi uotitia, circumspectio uestra colligere poterit quid correctionis asperitas quid mollities exigat pietatis, prouidentie uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus circa ipsum sic uestra prouidentia moderetur arbitrium quod pie seuieus disciplina sollici- tudinem pastoris adhibeat et iu.ste consulens misericordia patris 1 The statute in question is Cone. Lateranens. IV. c. 51 (c. 3 g 2 Extra Lib. iv. Tit. iii.) "Sane parochialis sacerdos qui tales conjunctiones prohibere contemp- serit, aut quilibet etiam regularis qui eis prsesumpserit interesse, per trienniura ab officio suspendatur : gravius puniendus si culpa qualitas postulaverit." CXL. DE EO QUI DE NATALIBUS DUBITAT. 139 dulcedinem non obmittat ex utriusque mixtura confecto medica- mine per quod conscientie uulneri et fame lesion! salubriter con- eulatur. CXL. DE EO QUI DE NATALIBUS DUBITAT. Episcopo Cabillonensi. Lator prescntium proposuit coram nobis quod in celebratione ordinum, sub pena cxcommunicationis, publiee prohibitionis premisistis edictum ne quis laborans defeetu nataliimi se immiscere presumeret ordinandis. Sane dictus cuius conscientiam inter ilium et illam quos pro pareutibus coramimis opinio preferebat contraete nuptie muniebant, intrepidus ad ordi- nem diaconatus accessit. Verum ad audientiam nestram, lingua emtila deferente, peruenit quod idem ex sacerdote, qui tlioro legitimo furtiue commixtionis iuferebat iniuriam, traxit originem. Ipsum ab executione ordinum susceptorum uestri prout placuit intmlicti censura suspendit. Super quo grauari se reputans apostolice rele- uationis remediurn implorauit. Quia uero de facto et facti circiim- stantiis etc. committimus quatenus si predict! H. natalia nuptiarum defendit sollempnitas, communis opinionis fouct aplansus et reluc- tantis conscientie scrupultis uon rernordet eidem in ordinibus iam susceptis executionis debitum et in suscipiendis promotionis licen- tiam non negetis. 1 1 In the prevalent concubinage of the priesthood the efforts of the Church were unceasing to check the abuse of the children sprung from such irregular unions succeeding to their fathers benefices. It was this which stimulated the enforcement of the rule that no illegitimates should be admitted to holy orders. " Ut filii presbyterorum et ceteri ex fornicatione nati ad sacros ordines non pro- moveantur, nisi aut monachi fiant vel in congregatione canonica regulariter viventes; prelationem vero nullatenus habeant" (cap. 1 Extra Lib. i. Tit. xvii.). The numerous canons to the same effect there collected (c. 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17) show how difficult it was to check the abuse. About 1230 we find Gregory IX. writing to the Archbishop of Tours " Ximis in tua provincia ecclesife de- formatur honestas ex eo quod filii sacerdotum et alii non legitime nati ad digni- tates et personatus et alia beneficia curam animarum habentia sine dispensatione sedis apostolicae promoventur" (Ib. cap. 18). But this, like so many other reforms, was impeded by the greed of the curia which was always ready to furnish the requisite dispensations, as we see in case 2 of rubric CXLI. They are frequent in the papal registers of the period and formed 140 CXLI. DE ILLEGITIMO PROMOTO. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo . Ex littcris uestris quas domino pape pro present in in latore misistis accepimns quod cum parentes eius tan- (juam legitimi coniuges indiuiduam nite cousuctudinem retincntes genuissent eundem, ipsc tanien ex hoc habens conscientiam reluctan- tem quod mater eius priusquam patri coniungeretnr copula maritali alii nupserat a quo per qnendam presbiterum simplicem et ydiotam consilio ecclesie fuerat separata, susceptis minoribus ad alios ordines ascendere nolnit quousque promotionis licentiam per sedem apos- tolicam obtineret. Super quo etc. Nos autem etc. quatenus si pater ipsius B. predict! impedimenti erat ignarus cum propter opinionom ecclesie in cuius facie parentes eius sine contradictione coniuuxerint, turn ob fauorem qui ex alterius contrahentium igno- rantia j)roli debetur prcfatum - potestis sine iuris iniuria legi t i m u m repntare. CXLI. DE ILLEGITIMO QUI PROMOVETUR AD SACROS ORDINES. Episcopo - . Transmissa nobis - diaconi nestrc dio- cesis petitio coutinebat quod cum de soluto esset genitus et soluta ad ordines sacros accessit et ministrauit in ipsis dispensationis gratia non obtenta. Yerum cum idem sicut asseritur huius seculi cupiat fffngere uanitates et sub regnlari habitu perpetno domino famulari a sort of currency. Thus, Dec. 1, 1243, Innocent IV. grants to the bishop of Bayeux the privilege of issuing twenty such dispensations (Berger, Registres d Innocent IV. n. 260, T. I. p. 46), and faculties to grant them were part of the customary powers of papal legates, by which they were able to pay their expenses (Ib. n. 2976, p. 447 ; 3013, p. 452; 4670, T. n. p. Ill ; 4717, p. 122.) See also Thomas, Registres de Boniface VIII. n. 554, p. 194; 558, p. 197; 646, p. 224; 711, p. 244; 749, p 254 etc. In 1530 Clement VII. assumes that these dispensations were obtained as a matter of course ; he promises to issue no more of them, and orders that if any through negligence be given they be treated as invalid (Clement. PP. VII. const. Ad canonum. Mag. Bull. Rom. II. 684). The trouble continued however and the C ouncil of Trent endeavored to suppress it (Sess. xxv. De Reform, c. 15). This may have checked the abuse but did not put an end to it, for in 1610 the Council of Augsburg was forced to declare that it would not recognize any dispensations permitting it (Synod. Augustan, ann. 1610 P. in. c. 3. Hartzheim, Concil. Ger man. IX. 58). CXLII. DE ILLEGITIMO COMMINISTR ANTE . 141 fuit humiliter postalatnm sibi de. misericordia sedis apostolice subueniri, quod in susceptis ministret ordinibus ct ad sacerdotium ualeat promoueri. Nos autera etc. quatenus cum prcfatus intrauerat aliquam de religionibus approbatis professionis uinculo se astringens, iniuncta ei penitentia salutari, demuni si aliud canoni- cum Don obsistat, ad petita ipsius desiderium admittatis, presertim cum id regularibus communis iuris patrocinium suifragetur. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Metensi. Hugouis diaconi latoris presentium petitio contiuebat quod cum olim ad uos super natal in m defect u quern patitur de presbitero genitus ct soluta dispensationis litteras a sede apostolica impetrasset, priusquam cum co esset inxta mandatum apostolicum dispensattim ad diocesim Argentinensem se transtulit ibique statutis a iure temporibus, generatiouis uitio non expresso, ad ordincs diaconatus et presbiteratus accessit. Super quibus humiliter petiit sibi apostolice sedis misericordia subueniri. Nos autem etc. quatenus prefato H. pro culpe modo iniuncta penitentia competenti etc. usque suspense. Demum, postquam cidem super defectu huiusmodi duxeritis prouidendum, ipsum alio non obstante canonico ad dispensationis gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Archiepiscopo Rothomagensi. Visis litteris quas pro - presbitero latore presentium domino pape misistis, de ipsius domini speciali mandate ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum uestre proui- dentie committentes quatenus post peractam peniteutiam quam pro peccatis ei duxeritis iniungendam, conuersatiouem preteritam redi- mente futura, dispensetis cum ipso super defectu natalium iuxta priorum continentiam litterarum. CXLII. DE ILLEGITIMO QUI COMMINISTRAT PATRI IN RELIGIONE. Episcopo Poliniauensi. 1 Leo monachus lator presentium quem presbiter secnlaris ex soluta suscepit nobis exposuit quod, 1 The see of Polignano, in the province of Bari, has I believe been discon tinued. 142 CXLI1I. DE ILLEGITIMO HKOMOTO. cum idem hahitum religionis assumpserit in monasteritim sancti Viti ubi pater suns sub regular! obseniantia domino famulatur, uos ipsum ea occasione dumtaxat ordiuare postponitis quod in uno eodemque cenobio pater et filius ministrare uidentur. Super quo sibi petiit apostolice sedis prouidentia subueniri. Veruin cum statuta canonica ministerii communionem huiusmodi clericis secu- laribus interdicant, 1 et ex religion is ingressu tales legitirai quoad receptionem ordinum ceuseantur, paternitati ucstre auetoritate domini pape committimus quatcnus si predictus L. honeste con- uersationis existat, noil imped iatis eundera quin promoueatur ad sacros, alio non obstante canonico, et in prefato monasterio perse- ueret suuin officium exequendo. CXLIII. DE ILLEGITIMO QUI PROMOVETUR AD ORDINES ix RELIGIONE. Abbati - - ordinis . Transmissa nobis canonic! ucstri petitio coutinebat quod cum esset de subdiacono genitus et soluta apud uos habitum religionis assumcns beati Augustini regulam est professus. Veruni cum ad sacros ordines promoueri desideret fuit humiliter postulatum sibi super hiis scdis apostolice misericord ia subueniri. Nos autem prudentie uestre etc. quatenus si est ita et aliud cauouicum non obsistat ad petita ipsius desiderium admittatis, presertim cum ad id regularibus communis iuris patrocinium suffragetur, prouiso nc ad dignitatem ascendat absque licentia sedis apostolice speciali. DE EODEM. (2). Priori ordinis predicatorum. Licet religiosi notati natal ibus, quibus quoad receptionem et executiouem sacrorum ordinum iuris bcneficium suffragatur, ad prelaturas sine dispensatione sedis aposto lice promoueri non debeant, possunt tamen maxime in ordine uestro preter quani in magistrum ordinis ad prioratus, cum ab eis consue- 1 The indecency of illegitimate sons assisting their fathers in the sacred offices was a scandal which the Church vainly for centuries endeavored to suppress. See Coelestin. PP. III. Epist. (Baluz. et Mansi III. 388); c. 15 Extra Lib. i. Tit. xvii. ; Concil. Ilispalens. ann. 1512 c. 27 (Aguirre, V. 372); C. Trident. Sess. xxv. De Reform, c. 15; Concil. Augustan, ann. 1610 P. HI. c. 3 \ 1. CXLIV. CXLV. 143 uerint amoueri de facili, sine iuris iniuria interpretationc summi pontificis proraoueri. 1 CXLIV. DE NOVICIIS. Archiepiscopo Reraensi. Lator presentium humili nobis confes- sione monstrauit quod ipsc olim ea intentione ad ordincm fratrum minorum se transtnlit ut si post cxpericntiam obscruantic regularis sibi placeret ordinis disciplina uinculo se professionis astringerct, alioquin liberum haberet arbitrium ad statum pristinum reuertendi. Verum cum asperitati regularis obscruantie non applicaret affect urn, Diilla professione prehibita nee alias renimcians seculo, infra tcmpus probationis exiuit. Ceterum quia nonnulli, uas uitentes incrustare sincerum, interdum calumpnie tencbris lucem ucritatis obnubilant, ne quis emulus aliquid in ipsum detraction is impingat, supplicauit sibi super premissis apostolice sedis prouidcntia subucniri. Quia uero de facto et facti circumstantiis uos habere potestis notitiam pleniorem, prouidentie uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus inquisitis super hiis que fuerint iuquirenda, nisi de pre- fato per seligionis habitum qui dari profitentibus consueuit aut professionem expressam sen alias euidenter appareat quod abso lute uoluerit uitam mutare ac in religione porpetuo domino famulari, demmcietis enndem ob premissum statum nouitii ad regularem obseruantiam non teneri. CXLV. DE EA QUE RECLUSORIUM INTRAVIT NOX EMISSO VOTO Cox- TINENTIE NEC LOCI STABILITATE PROMISSA. JEpiscopo diocesis . Muliere uestre diocesis accipimus inti- maute quod cum ipsa olim reclnsorium quoddam causa probationis 1 Although entrance into a religious order cured illegitimacy as far as ordina tion was concerned, the rule, as expressed in the above cases, was that illegitimates were debarred from holding positions of honor and government (c. 1 Extra Lib. I. Tit. xvii.). Dispensations for this were however readily obtainable. Leone (Praxis, p. 339) gives a formula permitting a nun suffering under this defect to assume the office of abbess. 144 CXLVI. CXLVII. ntrasset, quod infra annum, non emisso uoto coutinentie nee loci stabilitate promissa, uite asperitati non applicans anirnum ad secu- lum est reuersa. Super quo ne quis emulus in ipsam aliquid detrac- tionis impingat supplicauit sibi super hiis prouidentia sedis aposto- lice subueniri. Quocirca discretion! uestre atictoritate domini pape committimus quatenus si est ita denuntictis ipsam ex premissis ad ipsius uite obseruautiam nou teneri. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Firmano. Vidimus litteras quas uenerabili patri domino T. C. sanctc Sabine presbitero cardinal! pro presentium latore misistis. Considerate quod continebatur in ipsis prefatum ad uos duximus remittendum ut paternitas uestra procedat circa ipsum iuxta precedentiura continentiam litterarum. Sane ubi nouitiis etprofessis est ydemptitas habitus et distinctionem aliquam nou inducit ex habitu solo dato nouitio infra tempus pro- testate experientie constituting tacite profession is presumptio non insurgit. CXLVI. DE EO QUI SUB PROTESTATIONE INTRAT RELIGIONEM. Episcopo Argentineusi. - latoris presentium petitio cou- tiuebat quod ipse olim ad ordinem fratrum minorum sub ea pro- testatioue se transtulit ut si post experientiam obseruantie regularis sibi placeret ordiuis disciplina uiuculo se professionis astringeret, alioquin etc. usque exiuit. Ceterum quia nonnulli etc. usque subueniri. Quia uero etc. usque denuncietis eundem ad necessi- tatem regularis obseruantie nou teneri. CXLVII. DE EO QUI IN THAT RELIGIONEM ET INFRA TEMPUS PUBERTATIS EGREDITUR. Episcopo . Litteras uestras pro presentium por- titore recepimus, quern ad uos duximus remitteudum auctoritate domini pape uestre prouidentie committentes quod si idem infra quartumdecimum annum ordine fratrum predicatorum exiuit, CXLVIII. CXLIX. 145 uel si quando intrauit perfecte etatis existens protcstatus fuit ad seculum posse redire si non ualerct ipsius asperitatem ordinis sustinere, cum nullam ibidem professionem fecerit sicut dicit, denuncietis ipsum ad obseruantiam eiusdem ordinis non teneri. DE EODEM. (2). Significante nobis J. sacerdote cornperimus quod ipse infra annum xiiii constituttis ordinem Cistercieusem intrauit ct aute- quam eiusdem anni finem attingeret ordinem ipsum nullo uinculo professionis astrictus exiuit. Super quo ne quis ernulus in ipsum aliquid detractionis irapingat, supplicauit sibi apostolice sedis prouidentia subucniri. Quia uero de facto et fucti circumstantiis uos habere potestis notitiam pleniorem, prouidentie uestre auctori- tate domini pape committiraus quatenus inquisitis que super hiis fuerint inquirenda, si predict is ueritas sutfragatur denuncietis ipsum ex premissis ad predicti ordiuis obseruantiam non teueri. CXLVIII. DE EO QUI PEOMITTIT SE ALIQUEM ORDINEM INTRATURUM SUB CONDITIONS. Episcopo - . Layci latoris presentium petitio coutiuebat quod ipse olim in manibus magistri domus hospital is saucti Johannis Jerosolimitani uestre diocesis, in cuius tune seruitio mo- rabatur, promisit se ordinem ipsum, si fratres eundem recipereut, intraturum, non intendens per hec uerba obligare se Deo uel alicui ordini nisi dumtaxat in apposite eouditionis euentu. Verum cum fratres eiusdem domus nollent ipsum recipere, ille uullo uinculo professionis astrictus nee assumpto habitu regular! ad seculum est reuersus. Super quo ne quis emulus etc. Quia uero de facto et facti circumstantiis usque non teneri. CXLIX. DE EO QUI DIGIT SIMPLICITER SE INTRATURUM RELIGIONEM ET NON INTRAT. Episcopo Calmeteusi. 1 Si confession i latoris presentium et hiis 1 Now called Alessio, in the northern part of Albania ; an ancient extinct bishopric, revived in the thirteenth century. 146 CL. CLI. que uestra pagina coutincbat ucritas suftragatur ad susceptionem liabitus fratrum minoruni idem non creditur compclleudus. CL. DE EG QUI DE ARTIORI ORDINE TRANSIT AD LAXIOREM CAUSA NECESSITATES. Fratri Helve. 1 Zelum habcre uos credimus animarum et uelle quod est salutis. Undc - - lator presentium ad cir- cumspectionis uestre remedium mittimus ut Cluniacensi ordini ad quern illicentiatus se transtulit de uestra licentia si placuerit astringatnr. Expedit enim calamum quassatum non conteri et in erasione oruginis uas non frangi. DK EODEM. (2). Episcopo Alborensi [Albaracinensi ?]. Audita relatione militis militie Calatrauensis latoris presentium et intellecto quod non sine scandalo et consequeuter non sine graui periculo in Cala- trauensi online esse pote.st de speciali domini [pape] scientia dedi- mus ei licentiam ut saluti sue prouideat in online obseruantie mitioris. 2 CLI. DE KO QUI TRANSIT DE MINORI AD STRICTIOREM. Episcopo Firmano. - heremite ecclesie ordiuis latoris presentium petitio continebat quod ipse ad arctiorem reli- gionem se transferre desiderans a priore - suo lieentiam sieut debuit postulauit quain cum impetrare non posset ad apostolice sedis recurrit subsidium siiuin eupiens desidcrium adinipleri. Quia uero circa talia et fouendum est propositum pium in subdito et seruandus 1 This is doubtless the famous third general of the Franciscan order, elected in 1232 and deposed by Gregory IX. in 12.39, when he went over to Frederic II. 2 The Order of Calatrava was under the severely ascetic Cistercian rule. Yet in time it became so relaxed that in hopes of reforming its morals Eugcnius IV. in 1441 released its members from the obligation of celibacy. Raynald. Annal. ami. 1441 n. 20. CLII. DE PETENTE M ITIG ATIOXE M . 147 fauor reuerentie in prelato, discretione uestre auetoritate domini pape committimus quatenus si prefatum H. non sue religionis contemptus sed obteutus arctioris inducit, cum non sit sub lege qui spiritu Dei agitur ne a meliori plus debito proposito re- tardetur concedatis ei licentiam postulatam. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Auellirieusi [Abellinensi]. Ex parte abbatis et conuentus monasterii sancte Marie Montis Virginis fuit proposi- tum coram Dobis quod cum - - eorum monaclius existens in monasterio sancte Marie de Cripta Camerinensis dioce.sis, artioria religionis obtentu se transtulisset ad eos, uenerabilis pater episoopus Camerinensis, quaruuis ab eo licentiam humiliter postulasset, quam ut dicitur obtinere non potuit, in eum pro sue uoluntatis arbitrio excommunicationis sententiam proraulgauit. Super quo etc. Xos autem etc. quatenus iuquisitis super hiis que fuerint inquirenda si premissis ueritas suffragatur predictum - - ab huiusmodi sententia absoluatis concessa sibi licentia in eodem monasterio remaneudi. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Oxoniensi [Oxamensi]. Intellecto quod Egidius lator presentium Calatraueusis ordinis nou potest in eorum ordine sine scandalo commorari auctoritate domini pape prouideutie uestre committimus quatenus tandem a suo liceutiatiis priori concedatis ad artiorem transeundi licentiam tiel ad parem prout eius saluti uideritis expedire. CLII. DE EO QUI PETIT SIBI ORDINEM MITIGARI PROPTER INFIRMITATEM. Abbati . Monachi uestri latoris preseutium relatio cou- tinebat quod cum ipse olim epileptico niorbo queni incurrit in ordine laborarct ac physicus uestri ordiuis accessit [et] exhibere consilium denegaret, idem monachus monasterium uestrum egressus, et nsus consilio medicorum sensit aliquid mitigationis in morbo et spem remedii ad medelam. Verum cum ad ordinem uestrum redire 148 CLIII. DE PETEXTE MITI G ATIONEM . metuat ne sicut racdici persuadent propter uigiliarum immoderan- tiara et aliorum asperitatnm ordinis remedium [reincidentiam] et capitis exinanitionem incurrat, supplicauit super hoc sedis apos- tolico prouidentia subucniri. Nos igitur auctoritate etc. quatenus si est itii temperetis rigorem uestri [ordinis] circa ipsum uel indulgeatis licentiarn laxioris prout eius saluti expedire uideritis et temperantiam decuerit regularem. HE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Ebroicensi. Egidii clerici latoris presentium confessio continebat quod cum idem olim iufirmitate incurabili laboraret, eadem alicui non exposita, ordiuem f rat rum predicatorum intrauit, se ibidem uinculo profcssionis astringens, quod cum ad notitiam prioris et fratrum eiusdem ordinis pernenisset, iidem considerantes quod dictus clericus ipsius asperitatem ordiuis non poterat sustinere ipsum ab eiusdem obseruautia ordinis absoluerimt, dantes eidem licen- tiam intrandi ordinem mitiorem. Verum ut licentiam huiusmodi cautele habundantia muniat sedis apostolice clementiam adiit, petens sibi eius misericordia prouideri. Quapropter de speciali mandato domini pape prouidentie uestre committimus quatenus inquisita super hiis pleuarie ueritate si uobis coustiterit ita esse nunciautes ipsum predicti ordiuis obseruautia 11011 teueri et in aliquo mouas- terio uestre diocesis in fratrem recipi faciatis et fraterna in domino caritatc tractari. CLIII. DE EG QUI PETIT SIBI RIGOREM REGULE MITIGARI. Fratri Raymundo. 1 Vidimus script i uestri tenorem pro fratre G. de Barcelona transmissi et notauimus scribentis afFectum. Sane quia de culpa et culpe circumstantiis uos habere potestis notitiam pleniorem, discretion! uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus ut circa predictum possitis temperare rigorem prout fauor religionis exposcit et persone meritum interpellat. 1 The allusion to Barcelona in this brief and the faculty committed to a simple friar would seem to identify its recipient as Ramon de Penafort. CLIV. CLV. 149 CLIV. DE EO QUI IN ALIO ORDINE TOLLERATUR. Abbati sancti Martini in montibus. Auditis que proposuit - monachus lator prescntiura tolleramus in eo quod in monasterio uestro niuat in habitu regulari iuxta Cistercicnsis ordinis instituta. CLV. DE EO QUI DE MlNORI OftDINE TRANSIT AD ARTIOREM ET REDIT AD PRIOREM. Abbati et conuentui sancti Pauli Bouoniensis. Jacobus moua- chus monasterii ucstri lator presentium proposuit corani nol)is quod cum a pueritia sua in uestro mouasterio conuersatus fuisset, sub habitu regulari uoto professionis omisso, ad ordinem fratrum mi- norum sub ea protestatione se transtulit quod si non posset ipsius asperitatem ordinis sustinere liberum haberet arbitrium ad ues- trum monasterium reuertendi. Yeruin cum propter iiifirmitatein ac debilitatem proprii corporis eiusdem ordinis obseruantias tolle- rare non posset de ministri licentia restituentis ei habitum mon- achalem quamuis professus esset in ipso sed infra triduum post ingressum, probationi concesso tempore non elapso, ad uestrimi cenobium est reuersus. Super quo ne quis emulus etc. usque subueniri Kos autem prefatum J. de speciali mandate domiui pape ad uos duximus remittendum uestre prouidentie committentcs quateuus si premissis ueritas suffragatur cum in sic concessa licentia tolleretis. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati . Frater P. lator preseutium proposuit coram nobis quod cum idem triginta auuis et amplius in uestro monasterio perstitisset quodam de fratribns uestris heremum adeunte idem post eum abiit petita licentia nee obtenta, et ingressus solitudinem cou- struxit quandam ecclesiam ubi religiosos quosdam iustituit sub dis- ciplina ordinis Cisterciensis domino seruituros. Verum cum ad 150 CLVI. CLVII. ordiuem uestrum reel ire desideret supplicauit humiliter etc. usque prouidcri. Nos autem etc. usque dispensetis. CLVI. DE EG QUI TRANSIT AD ALIUD MONASTERIUM EIUSDEM ORDIXIS SINP; LICENTIA. Episcopo - . Nicolai canouici de Vam uistenge [?] trans- mksa potitio continebat quod ipse olim in domo Aurisiensi 1 habitu regulari suscepto, beati Augustini regularn est professus. Verum cum absque conscience serupulo mauere non posset ibidem illicen- tiatus se ad aliam transtulit ubi regularis obseruautia uiget iuxta ipsius ordinis disciplinam. Super quo petitus cst humiliter sibi salutari consilio ])rouideri. Nos autem etc. quatenus si predictus - non repetatura prima in seciinda tolleretis eundcm si tameu uigeat ibi uirtus obseruantie arctioris. Alioquin precipiatis eidem ut sublato more dispendio reuertatur ad primam. CLVII. DE HI IS QUI COACTI SUSCIPIUNT HABITUM REGULAREM INVITE. Episcopo - . Snbdiacoui latoris present ium petitio con tinebat quod ipse infra pubcrcs annos coactus a parentibus in quodam cenobio liabitum suscipere monaclialcm autequam quarti- decimi anni finem attingeret, per rcpetiti multotiens egressus instantiam urgent is repagulum coactionis infregit uiolentia, tamen impetus propinquorum ad tempus inualuit ; qui eum etiam post quartumdecimum annum contra libertatem arbitrii et etatis priui- legium, ligatis post tergum manibus, ad monasterium reduxerunt. Corde tamen libero sub corpore colligato, cum non cesserit animus flagellis cedentibus uinculo se profcssionis astriugeret aut appli- caret affectum obseruantie regulari, quinimmo cum se opportunitas conformauit arbitrio, repetiit corpore seculum corde proculdubio non relictum. Super quo ne quis emulus etc. usque prouideri. 1 Roth, in Anspach. CLVIII. 15J Quia uero dc facto et facti circumstantiis etc. quatenus si premissis ueritas suffragatur et presumptioncni coactionis preterite secuti patientia teinporis non exchulit, profatuiu non reputetis in casu premisso regular! obseruantie alligatum. DE EODEM. (2). Tarn ex litteris - - abbatis monasterii de Fide Boleanensis [?] ordinis sancti Benedicti quam ex confessione G. clerici uestrc diocesis, presentium portitoris, accepimus quod ipse olim infra puberes annos a pat re inuitus ipsi monasterio ftiit oblatus et coactus habitum monachalem minores et subdiaconatus ordines recepit ibidem. Verum cum idem G. in eodcm monasterio quartumdecimum annum implenerit et per tres menses amplius nolnntarius steterit in eodem, cum reccdendi facultas se obtulit nullo uinculo professions astrictus, monasterium ipsuni cxiuit. Super quo ue quis emulus in ipsum aliquid etc. Quia uero de facto et facti circumstantiis etc. usque si rei ueritas suffragatur et coactionem noluutatis preterite secuti patientia temporis non excludit, prefatum G. nou reputetis in casu premisso regular! obseruantie alligatum. CLVIII. DE HIIS QUI ORDINEM RECIPIUXT NOX UT REMANEANT SEI> UT LlBERENTUR A CARCERE. Episcopo Auellinensi. F. laycus lator presentium proposuit coram nobis quod cum ei homicidium falso quidam impingerent et dominus terre ad eius perditionem intenderet, iusticiarius con- trate tarn detentoribus quam delatoribus ipsius ad suam preseutiam accersitis detentionis causam ordine iudiciario diligeuter audiuit, et cum liqueret de calumpnia delatorum super criminis delatione obiecti, absoluit eundem. Yerum cum nichilominus teneretur in carcere, et quia timoris erat occasio ipsius detentio, religionis in- gressum in liberationis remedium adinuenitur, non obligandi se gerens propositum quia ligatus erat uxori. Super quo etc. 1 1 The use of the religious orders as an alternative punishment for crime was not infrequent. Csesarius of Heisterbach says frequenter huic similia audivi scilicet ut homines flagitiosi pro suis criminibus variis suppliciis deputati, beneficio or- 152 CLIX. CLX. CLIX. DE EO QUI MINOR ANNIS EXISTENS VOVIT INTRARE IN RELIQIONEM ET SUSTINERE NON POTEST. Episcopo . accepimus intimante quod ipse olim infra puberes anuos existens uouit in quorumdam manibus so religionis habitum suscepturum. Verum cum tanta debilitate laboraret quod asperitate alicuius obseruantie regularis reddatur inutilis ut pote qui per tot aunos sompuo dicitur caruisse, sup- plicauit humilitcr sibi ab apostolica sede misericorditer indulgeri, ut itixta ambitum alicuius ecclesie regularis sibi habitaculum cligat ubi astrictus uoto perpetue castitatis dc sui confessoris consilio agat penitentiam salutarem, de possessionibus propriis uite subsidia nichilomiuus percepturus. Nos auteui predictum - - auotori- tate doniini pape ad uos duximus rcmittendum ut secundum Deum admittatis ipsius desiderium ad petita. CLX. DE EO QUI INDUTUS HABITUM REGULAREM BUM ESSET INFIRMUS ET RESTITUTUS SALUTI DIMITTIT ILLUM. Episcopo - . Latoris presentium petitio continebat quod cum nimia infirmitate grauatus in mortis cxilium incidisset per binis sint liberati " (Dial. Mirac. Dist. i. c. 31). In fact the Council of Placentia in 1129 ordered that all ravishers of women and assailants of clerks, pilgrims, monks, travellers and traders should be exiled or put into monasteries (Concil. Placentin. ann. 1129 c. xii. ap. Ilarduin. VI. n. 2054). Possibly this may have had its origin in the custom of prescribing entrance into a monastery for life as a penance for serious offences. Thus some of the old penitentials order it for perjury committed through greed (Poenitent. Pseudo- Bedse cap. xlix. 1 ; Columbani B. cap. xx. ; Cummeani cap. v. 4. ap. Wasser- schleben, Bussordnungen, pp. 281, 358, 477). Sometimes it was offered as an alternative for the regular penance in aggravated cases, as for parricide and in cest (Capitularia, Lib. vi. c. 71. Isaaci Lingonensis Lib. iv. c. 5). As late as the Lateran Council of 1215 perpetual penance in a monastery of rigid observance was ordered for priests violating the seal of the confessional (C. Lateran. IV ann. 1215 c. 21). Above, in rubric xxxm. we find it prescribed for a converted heretic. The entrance of criminals into religious orders, with consent of the prosecutor and of the prosecuting officer is still a custom of the Church, and in these cases the Penitentiary has, theoretically at least, power to grant pardon as well as absolution (Benedicti PP. XIV. Const. Pastor bonus \ 17, 13 Apr. 1744). CLX. DE EO QUI DIMITTIT HABITUM ETC. 153 monachos quosdam indutus est habitu monachal!, ui passionis rcmisso feruore, sui compos factus iudicii quas ingesserant alii uestes abiecit. Verum quia nonnulli uas nitens ete. usque alli- gatum. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Kauellensi. 1 Habet relatio V. subdiaconi uestrc dio- cesis latoris presentium quod cum idem epilcptico morbo laborans uerberatus esset a fratribus, furore morbi et dolore uulnerum illa- torum in mentis exilium incidit etsui uon compos ad domum cuius- dara hospitalis aufugieus subito uotum professionis emisit quid ageret non intendens. Post triduum autem passionis remisso feruore ad se reuersus ratuni non habens quod fecerat properauit quantocius ad egressum, nee tamen statim egredi potuit sicut dicit eo quod fratrum custodia ipsius exitum retardabat. Tandem opportunitate concessa duorum fere mensium elapso curriculo repetiit corpore seculum corde proculdubio non relictum. Super quo ne quis emulus etc. usque pronidentie uestrc cousulimus quatenns si est ita non reputetis predictum Y. ex premissis ad regularem obseruantiam obligatum. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Lolanensi [?] R. clerici latoris presentium confessio continebat quod cum ipse olim infirmitate grauissima teneretur et in ipsius accessionis feruore fratrum minorum habitum postulasset, quidam de fratribus eiusdem ordinis tunica cum caputio se festi- nanter exuit et non expositis infirmo regularibus disciplinis ipsum non professum uec renunciantem seculo nee etiam iuxta constitu- tionem ordiuis tonsoratum super uestes quas idem infirmus sibi retintiit fratres astantes eandem tunicam induerunt licet intentionis infirmi nou fuerit professi sed nouitii habitum po.stulare, et pro- positi sui non esset se alicui astriugere ordini nisi post cxperien- tiam regularem. Cumque sequenti die de asj)eritate ordinis qtiam nondum expertus fuerat cogitasset et ad ipsius obseruantiam non posset animum applicare die tercio se fecit per fratres ipsos dicta tunica spoliari, et in Iiabitu seculari quern retinuerat sub tunica memorata remansit. Super quo ne quis emulus in ipsum aliquid 1 The see of Ravello was in 1603 united with that of Scala, in the province of Melti. 11 154 CLXI. DE HIIS QUI ABJECTO HABITU ETC. detracticmis impingat etc. Quia uero de facto et facti circumstan- tiis etc. usque si est ita ipsum propter premissa nou reputetis ad regularem obseruantiam obligatum. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo Magalonensi. Magistri M. present ium portitoris rela- tio continebat quod cum olim infirmitate grauissima laboraret, se fecit ad domura fratrum minorum ea dumtaxat intentione portari ut sepeliretur ibi si contingent ipsum mori. Verum cum non recepit habitum nee obligauerit se obseruautie regulari inde re- cessit sanitati pristine restitutus. Super quo ne quis emulus etc. Nos igitur etc. usque uou reputetis ipsum ex premissis regulari obseruantie alligatum. CLXI. DE HITS QUI ABIECTO HABITU REGULARI PROMOVENTUR ET CELEBRANT IN SECULO. Abbati de - . J. monachus monasterii uestri nobis humili- ter est confessus quod ipse olim existens diaconus auimi leuitate monasterium ipsum egressus ordiuem uestrum et habitum dereli- quit et se ad partes trausferens Romanic per episcopum de in presbiterum ut asserit fuit promotus. Verum nuuc ad cor, domino faciente, reuersus, ad uos cupieus cum humilitate redire, domino pape humiliter supplicauit ut sibi super hoc prouidere mise- ricorditer dignaretur. Nos autem spcrantes etc. usque commisit, ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum quatenus eo salua ordinis dis- ciplina recepto et ad tempus iuxta quod expedire uideretis a sui officii executione suspeuso et post etc. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati - . Ex parte uestra fuit propositum coram uobis quod quidam monachus uester J. nomine sub obedieutie uirtute prohibitus celebrare diuiua egressus monasterium contra prohibi- tionem huiusmodi celebrare presumpsit. Vos tamen ouem erran- tum tanquam pastor sollicitus reuocastis et redeunti filio tauquam pius pater desideratis misericordie ianuam aperiri. Nos autem CLXII. DE CLERICO APOSTATA. 155 discretion! uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus iniuncta penitentia competent! monacho memorato si preuarica- tionis excessum profectus penitentie redimit prout cxegerint suf- fragia rneritorum eundem ad dispensations gratiam admittatis. DE EODEM. (3). Abbati de . H. presbiter lator presentium nobis humili- ter est confessus quod ipse olim monasterium uestrum egressus animi leuitate absque licentia uestra se fecit ad diacouatus et presbiteratus ordines promoueri, super quo dispensations gratiam instanter et humiliter postulabat. Nos autem sperantes quod in clausura monasterii etc. usque comrnisit, ex fauore qui religioui debetur discretion! uestre auctoritate domini pape committimus quatenus iniuncta sibi penitentia competent! ac eo ad tempus iuxta uestrum arbitrium limitandum, uel pro culpe modo, ac sic suscep- torum ordiuum executione suspenso, tandem cum ipso prout fructus satisfaction! s et testimonium conuer-sationis exegeriut et auime sue saluti expedire uideritis, dispensetis. DE EODEM ET DE EO QUI ABIECTO HABITU REGULARI CELEBRAVIT IN SECULO. (4). Episcopo . Lator presentium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod ipse olim ductus animi leuitate mouasterium exiuit et abiecto habitu regular! diuina presumpsit in seculo celebrare. Super quo sedis apostolice clementiam adiit misericor- diam petiturus. Nos autem sperantes quod in clausura monasterii digua peniteutia deplorabit que fugitiuus in seculo uaga et dampuosa libertate commisit, ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum auctoritate domini pape uestre prouideutie committentes quatenus eo, salna ordinis disciplina, recepto ac iniuncta ei pro culpe modo penitentia competent!, ad tempus prout expedire uideritis ab executione officii suspendatis eundem, postmodum si eidem et uite merit um etc. usque admittatis. CLXII. DE CLERICO APOSTATA ET TRANSEUXTE AD ACTUS SECULI. Episcopo Ildefemensi. subdiaconi latoris presentium petitio continebat quod ipse olim accinctus cingulo militari per 156 CLXII. DE CLERICO APOSTATA. usura armorum uiginti annis et amplius clericali militie se red- didit alienum ; perf erens tamen sub arrnfe conscientia clericum, a morte uel mutilatione manum temperauit armatam. Quern demurn uenerabilis patris episoopi fructuosa nionitio faciente domino reuocauit ad cor atque alienatum ah utero reduxit ad men- tem. Yerum ut idem satisfacere possit in sacris qui profanis offendit, postulauit humiliter ad subdiaconatus executionem admitti et ad superiores aditum uon negari, petitiouem eius uenerabilium patrum et aliorum proborum suft ragio fuloieute. Quia uero in talibus est et quereuda salus et seruanda cautcla, de certa cou- scientia et speciali mandate domini pape prouidentie uestre corn- mittimus quatenus si prefatus in mortem alicuius uel mutilationem non dedit opem uel operam consilium uel fauorem, iniuncta sibi penitentia competcnti, si ei et uite meritum etc. secum quod in sus- ceptis ministrare possit ordinibus et ad superiores promoueri alio non obstante canonico dispensetis. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Esculano. Habet assertio G. diaconi lator presentium quod cum ecclesiastica stipendia non haberet quorum subsidio uitam posset ducere clericalem nee alias ei suppeterent facilitates, tonsuram dimisit et habitum, et uelut laycus curis se immiscens indiguis mechanicas artes exercuit, diuinis obsequiis prctcrmissis, arma tamen non sumpsit nee excessit in aliquo quod eum irregulari- tate uotaret. Verum quia in desiderio habet ut asserit hereditatis dominice sortem sequi conuersationem preteritarn redimente futum, supplicauit humiliter sibi super hiis de prouidentia sedis apostolice subueniri. Quia uero fugieuti a facie aquilonis est cum pane gratie et aqua refrigerii occurrendum predictum G. ad uos duximus re- mittendum auctoritate domini pape uobis scribentes quatenus eidem G. sic redeunti uestrum consortium non negetis quin eum benigne ac ylariter admitteutes sincero charitatis aifectu tractetis eundem. DE EODEM. (3). Episcopo Isdelmensi [?]. Corradi subdiaconi latoris presentium confessio continebat quod ipse olim accinctus cingulo militari per usnm armorum xx. annis et amplius clericali militie se reddidit alienum ; perferens tamen sub armis conseientia clericum a morte CLXIII. DE PBTEXTE SE RECIPI IX MOXASTERIO. 157 uel mutilatione nianura temperauit armatam. Quern demum uenerabilis - - patris Isdelmensis episcopi fructuosa monitio domino facicnte reuocauit ad cor, atque alicnatum ab utero rcduxit ad mentcm. Verum ut idem C. satisfaoere possit in sacris qui pro- fams offendit, supplicauit humiliter, postiilauit instanter ad subdia- conatus executiouem admitti et ad superiores ordines aditum non negari, petitiouem huiusmodi uenerabilinm patrum a <; aliorum proborum suffragio fulcicnte. Quia ucro in talibus est et qnerenda salus et soruanda cautela de certa conscientia et special i domini pape mandate prouidcntie uestre coinmittimus quateuus si prefatus C. non dedit in mortem aliening uel mutilationem openi uel operam consilium uel fauorem, iniuncta sibi penitentia compe tent! si ei et uite meritum et fame testimonium suffragatur secum quod in susceptis ministrare possit ordinibus et ad superiores pro- moueri alio non obstantc canonico dispeusetis. 1 DE EODEM. (4). Acoliti latoris presentium confessio continebat quod ipse olini assumpto habitu laycali per plures aunos clericali militie se reddi- dit alienum, perferens tamen conscientia clerictim maims ad efl u- sionem sanguinis uon extendit, Quern demum fructuosa mouitio quorundam prudentum facieute domino reuocauit ad cor etc. ut supra. CLXIII. DE EO QUI PETIT SE RECIPI IN MOXASTERIO DE QUO FUIT EJECTUS. Abbati Malleolensi ordiuis sancti Augustini. presbiter ordiuis uestri lator presentium humili nobis confessione monstrauit quod ipsum, pro eo quod super quibusdam negligentiis uos ad diocesauum denunciationis debito pertulit, et excommunication^ notastis atque abiectum a grege de caula mouasterii eiecistis, et dum idem per abrupti seculi uagaretur, casibus multis expositns, quia expers gratie periculum non prouidit, diuina uon diuiue celebrare presumens. Qui tamdem ad cor, domino faciente, reuersus, rediit ad uos etsi uon reuocatus, sed ad receptionis gratiam non per- nenit, licet per litteras fratris Clari domini pape penitentiarii quas 1 This is a repetition of case 1 of the same rubric. 158 CLXIV. CLXV. habebat, quibus pro praluce ct eomite speraret facilem aditum et ad clementem aspiraret regressum. Verum ut dicit ereas portas inueuit et uectes ferreos humilis supplicatio non coufregit. Quod et iterati labor itiueris innuit et periculosa uagatio peregrinationis exponit, unde post hos labores cogitur plus sitire ac de apostolice fontis cle- meutia haustum gratie expetiit, et a uobis post gemiuas litteras plus beuignitatis expectat. Ut igitur spei foliis rei fructus succedat et fugieuti a facie aquilonis cum pane gratie et aqua refrigerii occur- ratur, auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus predicto sic redeuuti absolutionis beneficii impendatis et ipsum iuxta piarum continentiam litterarum salua ordinis disciplina receptura, ab ordinum executione sacrorum ad tempus prout expedire uideretis suspendatis. Tandem prout future conuersationis exigerint nierita dispensationis ianuara aperiatis eidem. CLXIV. DE RELIGIOSO QUI VOVIT SE AD ALIUM ORDIXEM IXTRA- TURUM ET NON IXTRAVIT. Archiepiscopo Toletano. Trausmissa nobis fratris railitis hospitalis Jerosoliraitani petitio continebat quod idem sine licentia et conscientia sui prioris uotum emisit quod ad fratrum predicato- rum ordinem se trausferreret. Sane cum ad ipsius ordinis obser- uantias minus utilis uideatur et in hospital! gratum possit ex militaribus actibus impondere domino farnulatimi, pctitum est humiliter sibi super hiis ab apostolica sede salutari consilio prouideri. Nos autem de speciali mandato domini pape etc. usque consulimus quatenus si est ita prefatum in suo ordine dimittatis. CLXV. DE EG QUI Dru STETIT IN MOXASTERIO ET EXPRESSA PRO- FESSIOXE xox FACTA FUIT ASSUMPTUS ix ABBATEM. E])iscopo Exurarum [?]. Accepimus serie litterarum quod abbas uestre diocesis in monasterio suo per XXV. annos in habitu professorum, expressa tameu professione non facta, CLXVI. CLXVII. 159 laudabiliter conuersatus, tandem assurnptus est alias regulariter in abbatem. Super quo cum sit ydoneus ad ipsius regimen abbatie petiistis sue saluti sedis apostolice prouidentia subueniri. Quia uero de facto etc. quatenus si predictus abbas sic se inter alios monachos non solum habitu uerum etiam que monachali censentur obseruautie tanto tempore habuit quod ad professionis tacite pro- ficiat ad augmentum et alias ei ad assumpti curam regiminis utilitas suffragatur, ipsum alio cauouico non obstante in suscepto regimine tolleretis. CLXVI. DE EG QUI RELIGIONEM IXTRAT PROPTER MULTOS EXCESSUS ET IXDIGET DISPENSATIONS. Fratri Christiano ministro f rat rum minorum in Marchia. 1 Audita coufessione J. clerici latoris presentiuni quam uobis presentibus mittimus interclusam auctoritate domiui pape pru- dentie uestre duximus committendum quatenus postquam idem habitum religioriis assumpserit et professioni se astrinxerit regular! cum ipso prout fructus satisfactionis et meritum conuersationis exegerint et anime sue saluti expedire uideritis dispensotis. CLXYII. DE CONVERSO QUI RECIPIT PRIMAM BEXEDICTIONEM CORONE. Fratri Petro conuerso. Constitus apud sedem apostolieam nobis bumiliter es confessus quod cum olim infra annos discretionis ex- istens, antequam habitum religiouis assumeretis primam recepisti benedictionem corone. Yeruni cum assumpto religionis habitu in mouasterio de Dygneo Cisterciensis ordinis coronam inter conuersos sine scaudalo portare non possis et abbas tuns in monachum te recipere contradicat, tibi cupienti in heremo domino familiar! sup- 1 I can find no trace of a Franciscan brother Christian at this period and am inclined to think the name an error of the copyist for Crescenzio Grizzi who was minister of the March of Treviso prior to his election to the generalate in 1244. Chron. Glassberger ann. 1244. 1GO CLXVIII., CLXIX. DE CONFESSIONE. plicasti super hoc a sede apostolica misericorditer prouideri. Nos igitur de certa conscientia et auctoritatc domini pape tibi concedi- mus licentiam ad dictum heremum transeundi ita taraen quod dis- tricte ibidem tui ordinis regulam seruans, hue et illuc de cetero non discurras nee assumas materiam euagandi nisi incurabili necessitate coactus ad uicina loca te aliquando accedere oporteret. CLXVIII. DE CONFESSIONE COMMITTENDA PRO EXEMPTIS. Abbati de Valle Syriaci, 1 Premonstratensis ordinis. Abbatissa et conuentus monialium sancti Johannis Baptiste de domo regis iuquisia 2 ordinis sancti Benedict! Suessyensis diocesis domino pape humiliter supplicarunt, ut cum dispeudiosum sit CMS couscientiarum suarum secreta persouis secularibus reuelarc, de speciali gratia eis aliquera iiirum religiosum in confessorem misericorditer concedere dignarctur. Nos de speciali mandate domini pape discretion! uestre committimus quatenus si predictc mouiales exemptionis privilegio gaudeant atidiatis confessiones earum super commissis, prouidentes eisdem remedio penitentie salutaris quociens ah eis fueritis requisiti. CLXIX. QUOD PERSONA EXEMPTA POSSIT SIBI ELIGERE CONFESSOREM QUEM MALIT. Abbatisse Jotreusi. 3 Pro parte tua fuit humiliter supplicatum tibi ab apostolica sede misericorditer indulgeri ut eius auctoritate licite possis eligere aliquem uirum ydoneum cui commissa ualeas confiteri, presertim cum monasterium tuum dicatur exemptum nee aliquem ordinarium habeas preter Romanum pontificem, cuius 1 Valsery (Vallis Serii or Vallis Serena), about a league south-west of Soissons, the seat of a Premonstratensian convent. 2 The Benedictine nunnery of La Maison royale de Guise, at Saint-Jean-aux- Bois, in the forest of Compiegne, not far from Valsery. 3 Jouarre brought into notice of late years by the "Abbesse de Jouarre " of M. Ernest Kenan. CLXX. CLXXI. prouidentia anime tue salubriter consulatur. Nos autem proposi- tum tuum in domino commendantes auetoritate domini pape dcuo- tioni tue duximus concedendum ut sacerdotem eligas cui licite con- fitearis peccata tua qui auetoritate premissa iniungattibi peniteutiam et alia que secundum Deum uiderit iniungcnda. CLXX. DE CONFESSIONS COMMITTENDA PRO NON EXEMPTIS. Decano Lemouicensi. Edda reclusa de Scandauiale lemoui- censis diocesis humiliter supplicauit, ut cum humane fragilitatis conditio sit raultis peccatis obnoxia que nonnisi per penitentie lacrimas et sacerdotis ministerium absterguntur, in curam ipsius anime apostolica sedcs aliquem diseretum presbiterum deputare misericorditer dignaretur. Quia uero sauciati uulneribus sunt adhibenda remedia et digna petentibus fauoris est gratia impe- tranda [impertienda], discretion! uestre auetoritate domini pape committimus quatenus considerato statu predicte reeluse de sacer- dote ydoneo et honesto prouideatis eidem donee ecclesie uestre fuerit de pastore prouisum, per quern sibi super hiis postmodum salubrius consulatur. CLXXI. DE EO QUI RECIPIT IN SE ONUS PENITENTIE ALTERIUS. Episcopo . Lator presentium - exposuit humiliter coram nobis quod ipse onus in se penitentie paterue suscipiens Romam uenit ut quadragesimalis tempus obseruantie perageret uice patris. Verum cum expensarum defectus et alia quedam eon- cepto proposito dispendium difficultatis opponerent, supplicauit sibi apostolice sedis prouidentia subueniri. Ut igitur patri subueniatur et filio, circumspectione uestre auetoritate domini pape committimus quatenus et expeusas quas prefatus esset facturus moraudo et aliquid ultra quod possit in compensatiouem deduci pro defunct i anima commuti faciens in opera pietatis, cum alicuius commutatioDe penitentialis obseruantie predicti moram temporis remittatis eidem. 162 CLXXII. DE PCENITENTIA MODERAXDA. CLXXII. DE PENITENTIA MODERAXDA. Episcopo - . In archa federis et uirga continebatur ct manna, prefiguraus quod in pontificis pectore sic uirga debet esse tiigoris quod Icnitatis manna nou desk, ut misericordia releuct quern exasperauerat disciplina. Hinc est quod presbiter lator presentium suos humiliter recognoscens excessus ad uos de consilio nostro reuertitur ut iu uobis post patris uerbera matris ubera sentiat et inueniat illius Samaritani uestigia qui iiinuiu infudit et oleum uulneribus sauciati. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Intelleximus quod lator presentium in quen- dam clericum manus uiolentas iniecit cui est iuxta fonnam ecclesie beneficium absolutionis impensum. Saue ut dicitur soluit culpe pona quod debuit et ultra debitum rigor iudicantis extorsit. Decet igitur ut iustitie conformata uindicta dextera punientis ultionis dobite terminos non excedat. DE EODEM. (3). Archiepiscopo Barensi. Que petebat lator presentium cedula continet presentibus interclusa. Verum quia sauciati uulneribus post uini rigorem iufuudendum est oleum lenitatis, auctoritate etc. ipsum ad uos duximus remittendum ut iuxta conuersationis merita prouideatis conuerso prout sue saluti uideritis expedire. DE EODEM. (4). Idem. Qui nouit culpam imponat penam, ct cum uiderit merit urn premium dispeusationis impeudat. DE EODEM. (5). Episcopo - . Intellects que de penitentia quon dam fautoris hereticorum missa pagina continebat, cousulimus ut sic circa ipsum circumspectio uestra prouideat quod et rigor penitentie non uimis exasperet et laxa remissio non dissoluat. CLXXII. DE PCKNITENTIA MODERANDA. 163 DE EODEM. (6). Archiepiscopo Toletano. Vidimus littcras quas pro Dorainico Celasquez domino pape misistis, et considerate quod continebatur in ipsis circumspection! uestre etc. quatenus consideratis diligenter que consideranda uideritis super hiis que eedem littere continebant presentibus intercluse, quanto magis a fauore priuilegii regularis conuersos occisos conuersationis deformitas reddidit alienos tanto moderatius circa predictum D. absolutione preuia rigor peuiten- tie temperetur. DE EODEM. (7). Episcopo . Vidimus litteras quas pro monacho Abbas sancte Cuphom. [?] ueuerabili patri domino T. tituli sancte Sabine presbitero cardinali transmisit. Quia uero de facto et facti circumstantiis uos habere etc. cum premissis litteris preseu- tibus interclusis ad uos negotium duximus remittendum, auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus prout mcritum penitentis exigerit circa predictum mouachum pene temperetis rigorem. DE EODEM. (8). Episcopo . Maioris et Scabinorum de Mostorolio petitio uobis exhibita continebat quod ipsi quendam in latrociuio deprehen- sum tonsuram et habitum layci deferentem mortis iudicio coudemp- narunt. Sane cum ipsi tune eundem clericum ignorarent, et idem qui ut dicitur clericali charactere fuit insignitus suum priuilegium neglexerit allegare, supplicarunt sibi super premissis sedis apostolice misericordia subueniri. Quia uero nonnunquam in talibus dum zelus rigorem exagerat et rigor zelum intendit limes prouidentie suis finibus nou seruatur, auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus cousideratis circumstantiis uniuersis eo moderamine utamini circa ipsos ut penitentia cautele remedium afferat et peuam nou inferat quam ignorantia non meretur. DE EODEM. (9). Episcopo Marsicano. Occisoribus clericorum talis peua consueuit iniungi ut ante absolutionem per ecclesias loci uudi per triduum ut 16-i CLXXIII. DE TRANSGRESSIONS VOTORQM. ante absolutionem mitterentur. Sane lator presentium asseruit coram nobis se quendam clericum, qui dimisso habitu clerical! plurima furta commiserat quosdam Icthaliter uulnerauerat, career! mancipasse, qui postmoduni antcquam expediretur a uinculis in- opiuate decessit. Ceteruni quia ipsius non erat propositi quod ipsum eondeinpnaret ad mortem, immo per incarcerationem huius- modi corrigeret excessus ciusdem, supplicauit sibi super hiis apos- tolice sedis misericordia subueniri. Quia uero nobis non constitit de premissis predictum - ad uos duximus remittcndum auctori- tate etc. usque quatenus inquisitis super hiis que fueriut inquirenda quanta magis a fauore privilegii clericalis uita et moribus ilium con- stiterit recessisse tanto moderatius circa istum absolutione preuia rigor penitentie tempcrctur. DE EODEM. (10). Episcopo - . S. canonici latoris presentium coufessio con- tincbat quod etc. [ei] iniuncttim fuit in penitentia ut psalterium ebdomada qualibet et psalmum ilium Deus, uenerimt gentes, [Ps. Ixxviii.] diebus singulis recitaret. Verum cum tempus certa non fuerit oxpressione taxatum et impedimentum in hiis negotiorum prolixitas ingerat, postulauit humiliter sibi super hoc sedis apostolice prouidentia subueniri. Nos igitur etc. usque committimus quatenus cousiderata culpa et culpe circumstautiis penitentiam ij)sam compe- tentis compensationis remedio prout eius saluti expedire uideritis temperetis. CLXXIII. DE TRANSGRESSIONS VOTORUM. Episcopo Lubiensi. 1 G. layci uestre diocesis latoris presentium petitio continebat quod ipse olim in maris periculo constitutes mentali uoto non tamen uerbis expressis se ad perpetuam conti- nentiam obligauit sub obseruantia regular! si sospas perueniret ad portum. Sane dictus - - assecutus gratiam quam petebat cum continere non posset ne in carnis lubricum laberetur se 1 Possibly Lobrensi (Massa Lubrense), a discontinued see in the province of Sorrento. CLXXIV. DE DILATIONE VOTORUM. 165 couiugali copule alligauit. Super quo sibi peiiit salutari consilio prouideri. Nos autem prouidentie uestre auctoritate domini pape etc. quatenus si est ita et aliud canonicuni non obsistat prcfatuni G. dimittatis in usu copule sic contracte iniuncta ei de transgressione propositi penitentia salutari. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo - . Fuit proposituni corain uobis quod duin J. laycus uestre diocesis graui in egritudine laboraret mater sua uotum emisit ipsum de capitibus quadrupeduin uolucruin et piscium non esurum, et licet idem J. ad ipsius uoti obseruantiani se post- modumobligasset seductus aliquoruin socioruiu iustantia et etatis uolubilitate sibi blanditus transgressionis notani incurrit. Super quibus petitum est humiliter eius saluti de prouidentia sedis apos- tolice subueniri. Nos autem etc. quatenus predict! con- fessione diligenter audita uotum liuiusmodi eidein in alia pietatis opera salubriter commutetis, iniuncta ei de transgressione penitentia salutari. CLXXIV. DE DILATIONE VOTORUM. Priori fratrtmi predicatorum Atrebatensi. Jacobi clerici de petitio continebat quod ipse olim nimia infirniitate grauatus uouit coram tribus personis se in certis locis ac diffinito tempore sancti Benedicti aut fratrum predicatorum ordinem intraturum. A erum cum tanta debilitate laboret quod iu presentiarum ad millius ordinis obseruantias ydoneus reputetnr, nee reciperetur ab aliquo sicut fertur, cognita egritudinis sue causa, fuit humiliter supplicatum circa dila- tionem temporis quod suo prefixit ingressui sibi ab apostolica se<le salutari consilio prouideri. Nos autem etc. quatenus consideratis diligenter que consideranda uideritis erga statum et continent iam clerici memorati, si circa receptionem ipsius in aliquo predictortim ordiuum difficultatis obstaculum opponi coutigerit propter quod tempus ingressns oporteat prorogari, agatis cum eo super premissis prout saluti sue uideritis expedire. 166 CLXXV. DE COMMUTATIONS VOTORUM. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Cabilonensi. Supplicauit nobilis uir Hugo de Attignie doniinus de Pagnaye ut cum ipse desideret signum crucis accipere in terre sancte subsidium sedes apostolica ci concedere dignaretur ut a mensc Martii primo futuro usque ad alium Martium habeat iudueias transfretandi et interim priuilegio gaudeat crucesignatis iudulto. Nos autom de speciali maudato domini pape discretion! tiestre committimus quatenus prefati nobilis coufessione diligenter audita in remissione pecoatorum crucesignatis eundem sibi petitas inducias concedentes nee permittentes ipsum predict! auctoritate mandati medio tempore ad transfretandum compelli, ipsum ac ipsius bona nichilominus conseruantes iuxta formam in general! crucesignatorum indulgentia comprehensam. CLXXV. DE COMMUTATIONS VOTORUM. Episcopo - . Pro parte nobilis niri, Philippi domini de Antigniauo fuit humiliter supplicatum ut cum idem crucesignatus existat et meliores ac prudentiores terre sue cruceni assumpserint in terre sancte subsidium profecturi, nee inueniat quibus sue terre custodiam secure committat passagio in instauti, apostolica sedes concedere dignaretur ut tres de predictis crucesignatis ad ipsius terre custodiam retinerc ualeat et eis absolutis a cruce trcs alios eque pares in expensis et armis assumant, qui assumpta cruce nice illo- runi tri 11111 transeant cum eodem. Nos autem de speciali mandato domini pape prouidentie uestre committimus quatenus consideratis diligenter que consideranda uideritis sic in premissis predicto nobili circumspectio uestra prouideat quod terre sancte [sue] in commu- tatione illorum tantum congruo subueniatur auxilio et terre sancte necessaria cautela nou desit. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Mutinensi. 1 Ex parte Xicolai layci ordinis penitent um fuit propositum coram nobis quod cum ipse olim uouisset beati 1 It was only in 1855 that Modena was erected into an archbishopric. CLXXVI. DE VOTO SUB CONDITIONE. 167 Jacobi limina discalceatis pedibus uisitare ad predicationem uene- rabilis patris episcopi Regini [Reginensis ?] proponentis quod per executionem transmarine peregrinationis uota alia soluerentur, partes adiit transmarinas, uoto huiusmodi aliter non soluto. Super quo petitum est humiliter sibi ab apostolica sede salutari cousilio prouideri. Nos autem prouidentie uestre auctoritate domini pape committiraus quateuus prefati 1ST. confessione diligenter audita super eiusdem uoti obseruantia circa ipsum prout expedire uideritis disponatis. DE EODEM. (3)." Episcopo - . A. mulier quo iuxta ecclesiam uestrain manet inclusa uouit sicut accepimus beati Antonii limina uisitare. Verum cum meliorem partem eligerit et temporal! uoto in perpetuum com- mutato intrauerat carcerem ut sepulta seculo uiuat domino, suppli- cauit sibi super premissis salutari consilio prouideri. Cum igitur uotum non uiolet qui commutat in melius committimus quateuus predicte A. confessione diligenter audita ab executione uoti premissi absoluatis eandem, iniuncta ei penitentia ad cautelam. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo Laudensi. Cum D - milites latores presentium de manu uestra uelint accipere signum crucis in Constantinopolitane terre subsidium profecturi ubi per annos plurimos Domino fkleliter militarunt, de special! mandate domini pape committimus quatenus aliquos crucesignatos de diocesi uestra impotentes et debiles absol uatis a uoto crucis et de bonis ipsorum que iuxta facultates pro- prias in redemptionem uoti ac recompensationem laboris coutulerint conferatis predictis militibus pro subsidio uie sue, quos si forte ab ipsius terre succursu propositum reuocarc contigerit predictorum crucesignatorum bona de quibus eis duxeritis prouidendum conuer- teut in negotium transmarinum. CLXXVI. DE YOTO SUB CONDITIONE FACTO. Archiepiscopo Toletauo. G. et P. latores presentium proposue- runt humiliter coram nobis quod cum iidem zelo deuotiouis accensi 168 CLXXVII. DE ABSOLUTIONE VOTI. proposuissent ut peregrini lerosolimam uisitare crucis signaculuin assumentes, propter superuenientem egritudineni que ipsos raid it iuhabiles succtirsui terre sancte huiusmodi nequeunt propositum adimplere, propter quod luuniliter supplicarunt sibi ab apostolica saie coneedi ut lieeat eis dispensatiue sic eommutare propositum ut in partibus Hispauie Sarraceuos impugnent, coneessa eis indulgentia que solet conoedi euntibus in subsidium terre sancte. Nos autem de speciali mandate domini pape circu inspection i ucstre com mitti mus quateuus prefatis G. et P. implentibus quod promittunt ad petita ipsorum desiderium admittatis, ita tamen quod tanto temporc in predictorum Sarracenorum impugnatione pcrsistant quod possit et labor! itineris compensare quern perferrcut si terrain sanctam adirent et more quani facturi essent ibidem. DE EODEM. (2). Episcopo Pictauiensi. Ex parte P. de Belloloco militis uestre diocesis fuit propositum eoram nobis quod ipse olim graui infirmi- tate laborans preeipit domesticis suis quod si uiderent eum iu ex tremis agentem imprimerent eiu.s humero signum crucis pro ipsius auima missuri post mortem bellatorem ydoneum cum corum expensis in subsidium terre sancte. Sane cum non intcudcrit trans- fretare et paratus sit iuxta conditionis fbrmam bellatorem mittere in auxilium diete terre postulatum est humiliter etc. Nos autem de speciali mandate domini pape committimus quatenus si est ita prefato - - premissa tideliter adimplente, a uoto crucis absol- uatis eundem concessa ei delictorum uenia iuxta formam concilii general is. 1 CLXXVII. DE ABSOLUTIONE VOTI. Archiepiscopo Remensi. Cum illorum indigeat terra saucta subsidio qui sunt potentes ad pugnam aut uerbo predicationis instructi et presbiter lator presentium qui crucesignatus existit ad neutrum sufficiat predictorum, nos auetoritate domini 1 Concil. Lateranens. IV. ad calcem (Harduin. Condi. VII. 71). CLXXVII. DE ABSOLUTIOXB VOTI. ] 69 pape ipsum a uoto crucis ad uos remittimus absolutum Vos autem super hiis propter que crucem assumpsit iniun^tis ei ,ue sue saluti ac terre sancte subsidio uidcritis cxpodire. DE EODEM. (2). Archiepiscopo Rothomagcnsi. R. presbitcr uostre diocesis lator presentium domino pape humiliter supplicauit ut cum cleric-is pugnare non liccat maxime in sacris ordiuibus constitutis et idem crucesignatus existat ei concederc dignaretur ut si in generali passagio transfretare noluerit pro se militem mittat quern maluerit propriis sumptibus in subsidium terre sancte. ISTos autem de special! mandate domini pape circumspection! uestre committimus (niatenus cum prefatus R. militem miserit propriis sumptibus in succtirsum imperil Romanic ab executioue icrosolimitane peregrinationis absoluatis eunclem, concessa sibi indtilo-entia que transeuntibus conceditur in subsidium terre sancte. 1 1 The development of the dispensing power as to oaths and vows furnish^ - instructive illustration of the growth of sacerdotalism and of the manner by which through the instrumentality of the Penitentiary, the papal power was enabled to encroach on that of the bishops. Rubrics cxvm., cxxxvii. and CLXXIII.-VII. show how common had become appeals to the Holy See when relief was sought from vows and oaths heedlessly taken, and how the Peniten tiary soothed the consciences of those who invoked it. All this was of conimn tively recent growth. In the earlier time it was a recognized rule that foolish and insupportable vows need not be observed, and no priestly intervention of any kind was prescribed for their abrogation ( Vota stulta et importabilia frangemh sunt."-Canones Gregorii 04; Theodori Penitent. I. xiv. g6; Cnmmeani IVni- tent. in. 37, ap. Wasserschleben, Bussordnungen, pp. 168, 198, 475). \s sacerdo talism developed it became admitted that some mediation was requisite to release the obligation of a vow and define the conditions of its commutation or redemp tion. Innocent I. had said that those who married after taking a vow of clristitv should perform penance (Gratian C. 12 Cans. xxvn. Q. 1) and the Penitential tfmed this penance as three years (Theodori, i. xiv. \ 5 ; Merseburgens. c. 139 Cummeani in. 36) which was adopted by Gratian (Dist. xxvii. c. 3). When the Penitentials gradually became obsolete the definition of this penance or mode of redemption naturally fell into the hands of the bishops, while at the same time there was a rapidly growing tendency to magnify the obligations of the vow. In spite, however, of the undoubted jurisdiction of the bishops in these matters we see by the cases of our Formulary how strong a disposition there was to have recourse to the Holy See, whether because its prescriptions were apt to be more lenient, or whether, perhaps, its decisions were regarded as more efficacious. At the very time when the briefs in the text were emanating from the Penitentiary, its most eminent member, St. Ramon de Penafort, declared in the most positive 12 170 CLXXVIII. DE SEPULTURIS. CLXXVIII. DE SEPULTURIS. Episeopo Tuclensi. - de Vinea accepimus intimante quod cum quondam pater suns pro uiolenta iniectione inanuuin circa terms that bishops had full jurisdiction over these matters, that the only vow re served for papal commutation was that of the Holy Land, and that there could be no commutation for the vow of continence (S. Kaymundi Summa? Lib. I. Tit viii. \ -J). A few years later Cardinal Henry of Susa, whose authority as a canonist stood second only to that of St. Ramon, took precisely the same ground that the only vow reserved for the pope was that of the Holy Land and that even he could not commute the vow of continence (Ilostiensis Aurcse Summa> Lib. iu.de Voto % 1 Ji. Yet we see by rubrics cxxiv., cxxv., cxxxvn and case 1 of CLXXIII that the Penitentiary was already disregarding this limitation and was freely granting dispensations for vows of continence and that it was entertaining appeals from the decisions of bishops on these points This extension of the papal prerogative grew apace. Aquinas soon afterwards asserted that the Church could dispense even for vows of continence taken in assuming holy orders, but he drew the line at monastic vows, for which no dispensation could be granted (Sec Sec. Q. LXXXVIII. Art. 11). John of Freiburg follows Aquinas bishops can dispense for all vows save those of the IIly Land and of continence, which are subject to the pope, but even he cannot dispense for monastic vows (Summ:o Confessorum Lib. [.Tit. viii. Q. 7 1-2), while all oaths are subject to his pleasure and to tbat of God ("Quod in omni juramento subintelliguntur ist.e conditiones, ut faciam hoc si Deo placuerit ; item si papa- placuerit quia ejns auctoritas videtur excepta" loc. fit. Tit. ix. Q. 18). It was not long after this that John XXII. resolutely extended the papal power over monastic vows and burned Spiritual Franciscans by the score because they disputed it (see the author s History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages," III. 77, 7D). There was no resisting such arguments; the Church accepted the innovation and Astesanus, the leading canonist of the time, definitely asserts it Yota autem continents- et religionis et transmarinum commutari non possunt auctoritate episcoj i, sed solus papa dispensare potest in illis" (Sumnue de Casibus P. :. Lib. i. Tit. xx. Art. 10V Thus papal control over vows of continence was won, and towards the close of the fifteenth century we find the rule laid down that there are four vows reserved for papal dispensation continence and the three pilgrim ages, to the Holy Land, to Rome, and to Compostella. All the rest are under episcopal jurisdiction, while any confessor can grant absolution for transgressions of vows except in the four reserved to the pope (Barthol. de Chaimis Interroga- torium sive Confessionale, Venetiis, 1480, fol. 266). At the same period a little manual for the guidance of confessors enumerates the vows which are not binding " Votum de re illicita non obligat. Votum in ira factum mine nihil valet. Votum nulli factum non tenetur. Votum per timo- rem factum non tenetur. Votum puerorum non tenetur nisi postetatem legitimam rutum et gratum habeant. Votum peregrinationis uxoris non tenet sine consensu CLXXVIII. L>E SEPULTURIS. 171 eifusionem sanguinis uinculo excommimicationi.s astrictus ucniret ductus penitentia ad sedem apostolicam absolueudus, ab inimicis sins extitit interfectus, propter quod caret ecclesiastica sepultura. Quare dictus - , paratus ut asserit ])ro prefato mtre siio satisfacere competenter iniuriam passo, poni cum in christiano- rum cimeterio humiliter postulauit. Quocirea discretion.- nestre mariti. \otum uxoris factum de jejunio non valet nisi sit do licentia mariti Votum castitatis in matrimonio factum non valet sine consensu aniboruin Vc.tuin factum impediens conjugale non valet neque tenet in aliquo. V ot ,, m servi non ben de mtrando religionem non valet sine consensu dornini. Votura pereerina tioms ultra mare non impletur sine licentia pape. Votum jejunii mulieris im pregnate non debet servari propter periculum." (Casus papales Confessorum sine note, v. Hain 4075.) The question as to the impediment to marriage created by a vow of chastity was debated interminably by the doctors, who investigated its intricacies with more subtilty than decency, but no question as to papal dis pensations seems to have entered into the discussion (Baptist* de Saulis Summ, Kosella s v lmpedimentnm,\v.}. In modern practice a dispensation seems to be necessary for the marriage of -, person who has taken a simple vow of chastity, but it is granted as a matter of course if the plea of danger of incontinence is made-- Si enim vovens petiis^et dispensationem allegando pro causa matrimonium contraheudum cum consan- gumea nullo modo earn impetrasset, sed allegando periculum incontinent!;, <tatim illam obtmuit," and the application itself is considered sufficient proof of the ex istence of danger-- Pneterea mulier ligata voto hujusmodi si petat solutionem magnum futuri periculi indicium subministrat, et ideo exequutor ex his optime potest mformare animum suum ad concedendam commutationem hujusmodi" (Leonis Praxis ad Litt. M. Pocnitent pp. 44, 99). According to the brief of Cardinal Bilio, Major Penitentiary, June 7, 1878, the vows for which dispensation is now reserved to the pope are those of chastity religion, of aiding the Holy Land, the three pilgrimages to Koine, Jerusalem and Compostella, and the vow not to gamble (Manuale Facultatum Minorum P.eniten- tiariorum Apostolicorum, Rom*, 1879, pp 37-8). Penances are still imposed in commutation, but the steady tendency to smooth the path for the sinner has ren dered them scarce more than nominal. In the seventeenth century Leone tells us (Praxis, p. 97) that the popes have decreed that for commuting a Jerusalem vow the penance must be -perpetual" or life-long, but he argues that it need not continue longer than the time necessary for the pilgrimage For vows of chastitv and religion he admits that it must be perpetual, for the vow was perpetual, but at the same time it is very light -some psalms or chaplets weekly, or visiting a church of the Order proposed to be entered, or fasting occasionally every month or almsgiving monthly or yearly (Ib. pp. 61-2) At present this has shrunk to the daily recitation of a short prayer for a while, examination of the conscience, or a few easy works of charity "Quotidiana pcenitentia suadetur pracipue in commutatione voti religionis aut castitatis; sit autem facilior, mi brevis oratio vocalis, lectio spiritualis, examen conscienti*, facile opus misericordia? aliquot vicibus" (Manuale Facultatum, p 14). 172 CLXXVIII DE SEPULTURIS. auctoritate domini pape oommittimus quatenus si preniissis ueritas suffragatur, eodciu - - impleiitc quod oifert, patris defunct! corpus absolutione preuia, quam non contemptus sod articulus necessitatis exclusit, faciatis tradi ecclesiastice sepulture. DE EODEM. (2). Abbati et conucutui sancti Albani. Ex tenorc litterarum tiestrarum ntiper accepimus quod cum olini laycus infirmitatis angustia positus, de homicidiis et aliis que commiserat pcnitentiam a suo sacerdote recipiens de usuris promiscrit satisfacere quibus extorsit. Aecidit quod antequam posset adimplere predicta sicut Domino placuit cxpirauit propter quod caret ecclesiastica [sepultura]. Verura cum uxor et heredes ipsius parati sint satisfacere pro cod em, corpus eius tradi ecclesiastice sepulture humiliter postulastis. Nos autein prudentie ucstrc auctoritate domini pape committimus quate nus si cst ita et in tine apparuerint signa penitentie in eodem ac de satisfartione prestanda tribuit dum uiueret cautionem, uxore et heredibus adimplendis que promittuut, prefati layci corpus faciatis tradi ecclesiastice sepulture. DP: EODEM. (3). Decano Lem[ouicensi], Transmissa nobis G. de Vernia petitio continebat quod cum P. films eius amasiam suam instigante diabolo occidisset index uille ipsnni suspendio condempnauit, et licet in fine uite contritus ac dolens penitentiam accepit de conmiissis corpus tamen eius caret ecclesiastica sepultura. Quare dictus - , paratus satisfacere et crucem ampere pro eodem, poni eum in christianorum etc. usque sepulture, dummodo loci consuetude contraria non existat. DE EODEM. (4). Episcopo Auriensi. Ordonius laycus auriensis proposuit coram nobis quod cum uos olim excommuuicatiouis sententiam generaliter tulissetis in eos qui domum cuiusdam uasalli uestri confregerant et asportatis bonis ipsum occiderent, - - frater eius qui fraction! domus eiusdeni interfuit nee tamen de bonis eius aliquid habuit, uec in mortem illius dedit opem uel operam consilium uel fauorem, decessit priusquam a uobis circa ipsum esset huiusmod! sententia CLXXVIII. I)E SEPULTURIS. 173 relaxata, et licet in fine uite u saeerdote suo fuerit absolutus et dominifi corporis acceperit sacramentum, corpus tainen eius caret ecclesiastica sepultura. Quare prefatus O., paratus ut asserit etc. usque sepulture, dummodo loci consuetudo etc. DE EODEM. (o). Episcopo Suessiouensi. Ex litteris quas domino pape misistis accepimus quod Guido filius Ebuli de Esctiri militis cum quodam alio quendam clericum interfecit et antequam ad apostolicam sedem accederet absoluendus diem clausit extremuni, et licet in fine uite signa peuiteutie fuerint in eodem et absolutions benenVium ol>- tinuerit a proprio saeerdote corpus tainen eius caret ecclesiastica sepultura. Sane cum pater et mater eius sint parati satisfacere pro eodem, poni etc. Nos autem etc. qiiatenus si prcmissis ueritas suffragatur, prefatis parentibus adimplentibus que promittunt, corpus predict! - - etc. usque sepulture, dummodo scandalum nullum immineat et infamia non obsistat. DE EODEM. (6). Episcopo - . - uestre dioccsis proposuit coram nobis quod quondam P. frater suns pro eo quod fuit cxcommunicationi.s uinculo innodatus quod in quendam clericum manus uiolentas iniecit et cum esset in proposito ad sedem apostolicam ueniendi prestita satisfactione iniuriam passo, signis condigno penitentic apparentibus in eodem, contigit ipsum mori antc(|iiam absolutionis beueficium obtineret, propter quod corpus eius non est tradition ecclesiastice sepulture. Quare cum ipse ])aratus sit satisfacere pro eodem, corpus predict! fratris sui poni in christianorum cimi- terio postulauit. Quapropter auctoritate domini pape uobis corn- mittimus quatenus si est ita, predicto - - adimplentc quod offert, corpus prefati P. fratris eius absolutione premissa, quam uon coutemptus sed articulus necessitatis exclusit, trad! faciatis ecclesiastice sepulture. 174 CLXXIX. DESEPULTURIS. CLXXIX. DE HIIS QUI CORPUS EXCOMMUNICATI CONTRA MANDATUM SUPERIORIS TRADUXT ECCLESIASTICE SEPULTURE. Priori fratrum predicatorum Jauuensium. Abbatis sancti Syri Janueusis ordinis sancti Bcnedicti petitio nobis exhibita continebat quod quidam inonachi sui corpus cuiusdam ustirarii, quod de man- dato archiepiscopi Januensis fuerit extra cimiterium tumulatum, de ipsius abbatis scientia in eodcin inonasterio occulte tamen tradide- runt eeclesiastice sej)iilture, quod tandem dc quorundam prudeu- tuin consilio extra cimiterium posucrunt, a diuinis postmodum ofticiis non cessantes. Super quo dictus abbas supplicauit a sede apostolica tain sibi qnain monachis suis salutare cousilio pro- uideri. Quocirca discretion! uestre etc. usque (juatenus si est ita et predictorum culpa non uenerit in pnblicum iniungatis eisdem peni- tentiam salutarem et cum restituerint si <jue pro sepultura recepe- rant illis, iuxta consilium et ordinationem uestram, a quibus usuras usuraritis predictus extorsit, suspensionis sententiam (juam secundum statuta Lateranensis consilii incurrerant 1 relaxetis et cum ipsis si aliud canonicum non obsistat prout merita conuersatiouis exegerint dispensetis. Si antem mauifesta notitia excessum huiusmodi com- prehendat, presumptores predictos ad examen eiusdem archiepiscopi remittatis. 1 Concil. Lati-ran. III. ami. 1179 c. L 4 (c. 3 Extra Lib. v. Tit. xix.). INDEX. References in small capitals are to rubrics ; in Arabic numerals to cases ; in Italic small letters to pages of Introduction. A BBESS excommunicates nuns, i.xix. -T\- Abbot, absolution by, LXX. disputed election of, xcvi. 2. appeal from sentence of, LXVIII. elect, not a professed monk, CLXV. Abjuration of heresy, xxxix. of concubine, LXXXV. LXXXYII. Abortion, dispensation for, xvi. n. Absent, absolution for the, xciv. Absolution for homicide of cleric, xvn. for heresy, xxxvm. 2. doubtful, LV. of doubtful excommunication, LX. LXI. LX XVIII. ad cautelam, LVII. xcin. xciv. by abbot, LXX. after death, LXXXI. for concubinarians, LXXXIII. xvi. n. of the absent, xciv. in articulo mortis, xcvm. from vows. CLXXVII. for future sins, xvii. by Penitentiary, .xxv. in papal reserved cases, xxxvi. n. Absolutions, sale of, ix. x. Accidental homicide, xxv. violence to clerics, LVIII. Accusation, self, xxx. Adulterous wife, ordination of husband of, CXXVII. husband of, enters religion, cxxix. widow, marriage with, cxxxiv. penance not enforced, xvii. Adultery of priest, cxxvui. with relative of wife, cxxxi. with mother-in-law, exxxm. Affinity contracted by adultery, cxxxi. CXXXIII. Alexander II., his invitation to sinners, i\ penance imposed by, xvn. n. Alexander III. stimulates appeals to Rome, ix. n. issues letters to both parties, xiii. n. forbids entrance payments in convents, xviii. Alexander IV. on children of heretics, XLI. ?*. on concubinage, LXXXIII. 1. n. Aliardes, xv. 1. Alms for entrance in convents, xx. Almsgiving to heretics, xxxvii. Altar, ministry of, without orders, < xi. Angouleme, Bishop of, his rejection of papal letters, vii. Annibaldo, Card., punishes penitentiaries, xi. Apology of John XIX. vii. Apostate monks, CLXI., .rii. n, xiv. n. clerics, CLXII. Appeal from excommunication, xcvn. 1. to pope disregarded, LXVI. :3, i.xvu. LXVIII. Appellate jurisdiction of Rome, vii. growth of, viii. n. Apulia, ordination in, rviu. ox. xxxviii. Aquileia, Council of, on entrance payments to convents, .ex. Aquinas on dispensation for vows, CLXXVII. //. Arnaud of Toulouse, his debt to the curia, xxii. Arson by priest, i.xxxu. Assistance to heretics, xxxvn. Association with excommunicates, i.vi. i.xv. Astesanuson papal power over vows, CLXXVII.?!. Attendance at synod compulsory, LXXI. Augsburg, Council of, on dispensations for bastards, CXL. 1. n. Aymon of Vienne, his debt to the curia, xxii. BAIL required of concubinary priests, LXXXIII. 1. Baragona. Piero, case of, .r.r/.c. n. Bari, St. Nicholas of. cvni. 2. Bastards not admitted to orders, CXL. ex LI. CXLII. CXLIII. Benedict II., Penitentiary attributed to, xxxi. Benedict XIV. on ministering without orders, cxi. 3. n. Benefices simoniacally obtained, vi. vii. ix. x. XL resignation of, xxi. bestowal of, by pope. LXXVIII. not to be demanded of ordaining bishop, cxv. pensions on, xxi. Benefit of clergy, CLXXII. 8. Bernard. St., on rapacity of curia, ix. Berthold of Constance, faculty granted to, xxxii. Bestiality, punishment of, xvi Betrothal under seven years of age, cxxin. Bilio, Cardinal, on reserved vows, CLXXVII. n. 176 INDEX. Bishop, penance for murder of, xiv. foreign, promotion by, cvn. cvin. Bishops, their jurisdiction asserted, vii. their jurisdiction absorbed, viii. xxviii. their jurisdiction over vows, CLXXVII. ?>. they appoint penitentiaries, xxxi. Bleeding, xxxn. 2. Bologna, see of, x. debts of scholars at, CXVIM. 1. Borne Spei, abbey of, xn. 3. Boniface, St., complains of i>apal pardons, r. Boniface VIII. and Penestrino, xvii. grants dispensations for bastards, CXL. 1, n. Bribery, indications of. xii. Bribes to electors, VIM. Burial. Christian, < LXXVIII. ci.xxix. alive for bestiality, xvi. Burning for ministering without orders, cxi. :5, r?. for heresy, xi.n. pALATKAVA, Order of. n.. 2. . \J Camnldoli, Order of. payment exacted from, xjcii. Cambrai, episcopal penitentiaries in, .r.r.n. n. Canon law, the new, jc.crii. Canons, penitential, obsolescence of, .IT. n. Canonries. simony in obtaining, ix. 2. bestowed by pope, i.xxvm. (ipellanuf, .rxxii. n. Capoccio, Kamirio, cardinal, i.xvn. 1. Cardinal as Major Pa nitcntinritif, x.r.er. Cardinals obtain all benefices, i.xxvm. n. confessors of, xxxrii. Cases in Formulary, dates of, zjcxiii. of conscience, few in Formulary, .r.cri. Castration of clerics, xvni. xxn. Cava. Abbey of, i. Celebration of mass by excommunicates, i.xxn. LXXIV. LXXVII. before excommunicates, x< i. 2. Celibacy, difficulty of enforcing, xvi. n. does not mean chastity, xviii. n. Charles le Chauve complains of papal pardons, v. Charles V. (France) seizes church revenues, i.xxvm. >i. Charles IV. i Km]).) on ra]>acity of Rome, .c. Chasse Dieu, Abbey of, xxvm. 3. Chastity, vows of, ci.xxin. 1. dispensations for, ci.xxvu. n. in marriage, cxxxvn. not included in imposing celibacy, .mil n. ChAtelet de Paris, register of, xv. 5, n. Children, overlying of, xxix. entrance of, in religion, rxi.vn. forced to become monks, n.vn. of heretics, disabilities of, XL. xi.i. Choice of confessor by exempts, ci.xvm CLXIX. Church triumphant and militant, i.xxxi. Churches simoniacally obtained, vi. 1, vn. interdict of, xr. Circumcision of monks, XLVII. Cistercian habit in another order, < LIV. Clandestine marriage, cxxxvm. Claro, brother, a penitentiary. ri,xm. Clement III. limits appeals to Rome, viii. n. Clement VII. on dispensations for bastards, CXL. 1, n. Clement VIII. on ministering without orders, cxi, 3, n. ( lergy, benefit of, xv. 5, n. popular hatred of, xv. 3, it. vices of. x. xrii. ! Clerics, apostate, CLXII. homicide of. a papal reserved case. CLXXVIII. imprisonment of. xcin. xciv. inviolability of, xv. LII. LIII. I.IV.LV. LVI. LVII. I. VIII. I.XII. CI.XXII. 8, 9, CLXXVIII. f>, G. marriage of, cxx. cxxvi. cxxvn. mutilation of. xvm. violence offered to, ci.xxfi. 2. i Ctelestin III. limits appals to Rome, ix. n. protects married deacon, .re/ , n. on ordination by Greek bishops, .rje.rriii. Oi na Domini, ordination at, civ. 1. Coercion in entering religion. CLVII. .rr. n. marriage under, cxxn. Colonna, Giovanni, cardinal, i.xiv. i.xvi. 2. Communicating with heretics, xxxvm. with excommunicates. LVI. i.xv. Commutation for i>enance, CLXXI. of vows, ci.xxv. of crusading vows, ci.xxv. -1. Compilations, the Five, xxvii. Complicity in execution, xxm. xxiv. 2. xxvn. in homicide, xxiv. xxvi. xxvu. Comi)urgators, selection of, LXXXIX. Concubine, definition of, i.xx.xm. 2, LXXXIV. abjuration of, LXXXV. Concubinage less criminal than marriage, ex xvi. 1. difficulty of suppressing, xri. letters of absolution for, xvi. n. Concubinary priests, LXXXIII. LXXXIV. LXXXV. Conditional vows, CLXXVI. entrance to religion, CXLVI. rxi.vm. Conditions imposed for ordination, cm. for presentation to orders, cxm. Confession, CLXVIII. CLXIX. annual, ordered by Council of Lateran, x-xxiii. to inquisitors, xxxvm. 2. and letters, difference between, LXXXVIII. Confessors of cardinals, xxxvii. choice of, by exempts, CLXVIII. CLXIX. appointed for non-exempts, CLXX. Congregation of Immunities, xv. f>, n. Conrad of Marburg a penitentiary, xxxii. Consanguinity, marriage in, cxxi. Conscience, cases of. few in Formulary, xxvi. Omsilium de emendanda ecdesia, ix. Constitution of the Penitentiary, xxxv. Continence, dispensation for vows of, CLXXVII. n. impossible in priests, xvi. n. not included in injunction of celibacy, xviii. n. Contract of marriage underage, cxxm. INDEX. 177 Contribution of wood for burning heretics, XLII. Contumacy, excommunication for, LXV. LXXX. Convent, desire to die in, CLX. 3. entrance payments to, xviii. Conversion from heresy, xxxin. Converses, their treatment by the curia, xxxvin. 2, n. Correction of scholars, xcv. Cousin, rape of betrothed to, cxxxn. Crime punished by monastic life, CLVIII. ??. secret or public, cxi. 3, n. Criminals invited to Rome, r. Crusade, vows of, CLXXIV. 2, CLXXV. 1, 4, CLXXVI. CLXXVII. Curia, members of, their concubinage, xvi. n. secures payment of debts due, xxii. popular belief in its rapacity, xxiii. sale of offices in it, xxix. n. DANTE on power of keys, xvii. Dates of cases in the Formulary, xxxiii. David of Camaldoli, xxii. Deacon, apostate, CLXII. 2. office of, served without orders, cxi. 2. marriage of, cxxvi. 1, xvi. n. Death before absolution, LXXXJ. Death-bed, absolution on, xcvin. Debts secured by oaths, cxvni, 2, 3. to the curia, xxii. Decretals of Gregory IX., their importance, xxvii. Delegate judge, excommunication by, LXXX. Deprivation for simony, vm. 2. Dilatory appeals to Rome, ix. n. Disability by mutilation, xvm. xix. dispensations for, xvi. n. of children of heretics, XL. XLI. of sons of priests, CXL. 1, n., CXLIII. of illegitimates, CXLI. CXLIII. Discipline, influence of Penitentiary on, xii. Discrepancy between confession and letters, LXXXVIII. Disobedience, excommunication for, xcvi. Dispensation for simony, in. ; iv. 2, 3 ; v. vin. IX. X. XI. XII. for mutilating priest, xvm. 1, 2. for mutilated priest, xix. for homicidal clerics, xxvnr, 2, 4. for priest falsely confessing a theft, xxx. for communicating with heretics, xxxvm. for promotion of children of heretics, XL. for secret and grave excesses, XLIV. for falsifying papal letters, XLVIII. for using fraudulent papal letters, XLIX. r.. for violence to cleric, LII. LVII. for ordination while excommunicate, i.iv. for stealing from his own church, LIX. for celebrating while excommunicate, LXIV. LXV. LXVII. LXXXII. for celebrating in presence of excommuni cates, LXXVI. for concubinarians, LXXXIII. LXXXIV. LXXXV. LXXXVII. for celebrating in an interdicted church, xc. Dispensation for violating a papal interdict, xr i. for receiving: usury, xcn. for irregular ordination, xcix. c. cm. civ. cv. cvi. cvn. cvm. cix. ex. cxi.cxn. cxm. cxv. cxvi. for oath-breaking, rxvm. for perjury, cxix. for marriage in holy orders, cxxvi. for ordination during marriage, cxxvu. cxxxvi. for celebrating clandestine marriage, ex xx vii i. for bastard to take orders, ex LI. for promotion of bastards in religion, CXLIII. for transfer from one order to another, CLV. for apostate monks and clerics, CLXI. CLXII. for vows and oaths, CLXXVII 2, /;. sale of, justified, x. evil effects of, xvii. absorbed by Holy See, xxri. Doubts as to reception of orders, ci. cxn. Doubtful excommunication, absolution of, i.x. LXI. LXXVIII. Dower for entrance in convents, xx. Dying, the, carried to convent, CLX. 3. EBBO of Reims consults Halitgar, xxx. Ecclesiastics, inviolability of. xv. LII. LIII. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. LVIII. LXII. CLXXII. 8, 9, CLX xvi n. 5, 6. violence offered to, CLXXII. 2. Election, bargaining in, vm. 1. disputed, in abbey, xcvi. 2. Elias, Franciscan general, CL. 1. Ember days, ordination in, civ. 2, xxxriii. Enslavement for trading with Saracens, LXXIX. Entrance payments in monasteries, xii. xvih. Epilepsy, CLII. 1, CLX. 2. Episcopal decrees against concubinarians, LXXXIV. LXXX vi r. dispensations for vows, CLXXVII. n. jurisdiction asserted, vii. annulled, viii. x.rviii. penitentiaries, xxxi. Espousals under seven years of age, cxxin. Eugenius III. on violence to clerics, LII. n. Evrard of Amiens appoints a i)enitentiary, xx.ri. n. Exactions, papal, LXXXI. n. x. Excesses, hidden, XLIV. hidden and doubtful, XLVI. manifest, XLV. Excommunication by abbess, LXIX. by delegate judge, LXXX. sentence of, LII. disregard of, LXXH. LXXIII. LXXIV. papal, disregarded, LXXV. doubtful, absolution for, LV. LX. LXI. LXXVII;. appeal from, xcvn. 1. for contumacy, LXV. LXXX. for disobedience, xcvi. 1. for not attending synod, LXXI. for not paying twentieth, LXXXI. for reforming a monastery, xcvn. 2. of Bela IV., LXXVII. 1, ?i, 178 Excommunication of Sancho II. xci. Excommunicate, benefice obtained by, xin. ordination of, uv. association with, i.vi. i.xv. celebnition of mass by, LXXII. LXXIV. LXXVII. mass in presence of, LXXVI. xci. 2. burial of, CLXXVIII. Execution, complicity in, xxm. xxiv. 2, xxvii. 5. Exempts, choice of confessor by, ci.xvin. CLXIX. Exile, monasticism a substitute for, CLVIII. n. Expiration of delegated authority, i.xxx. Expulsion of monk, CLXIII. Eye, loss of, im]>ediment of, ex. FV\LSE letters for ordination, cvn. 2. Falsity, suspicion of, L. Falsification of papal letters, xi.vin. .cii. Fasting requisite for ordination, cv. Fathers and sons ministering together, CXLII. Fautorshipof heretics, ci.xxn. 5. Fermo, see of, v. 3. Fiefs, transfer of, to Frederic II. i.xv. 3. Finistierra, abbey of S. Mateo of, xxiv. f>. Fiorentino, church of, VIM. 2. Force and fear, marriage under, CXXM. entering religion under, ci.vn. ././. n. Forgery of papal letters, xi.ix, .cii. Form of letters of the Penitentiary, .r.c.n r. .r.i .i vi. Forum contentiosum, the Penitentiary in the, .r.n-iii. Forum pmnitentitc, the Penitentiary confined to. xxvill. .c.ci.c. .c.c.c. Founding of the Penitentiary, .c.c.ciii. Fourteen, age of, CLVII. Fourth and fifth grades of consanguinity, ex xi. France, dilapidation of churches in, I.XXVIM. n. Franciscan habit for the dying, CLX. 3. Fraud in ordination, m. in papal letters, XLVIII. L. cvn. 2, .rii. Frederic II. on children of heretics, XLI. H. Friars, apostate, dispensations for, .cii. n., .riii. n. Fulbert of Chartres complains to John xix. vi. G1 ALLEYS, punishment of, cxi. 3, n. 1 Gallican prelates at council of Siena, I.XXVIM. n. < iambic, vow not to, reserved to pope, ci.xxvn. n. Gelasius I. on ordination of slaves, < xvi. H. Geoffroi de Villeneuve, penance imposed on him, xv. 3, n. Germany, complaint of papal control of bene fices, LXXVI n. n. complaint of appeals to Rome, viii. n. complaint of papal exactions, .r. Gerson, John, on the Roman curia, .ri. Gifts not to be received in the Penitentiary, j.r.r. Girona. Bishop of, his severity, xciv*. 2. Greece, levy on churches of, i.xiv. Greek married priest, xxix. Greek bishops, ordination by, cvm. cix . xjscviii Gregory VII., his invitation to sinners, v. Gregory VIII. limits appeals to Rome, viii. n. Gregory IX. favors apj>eals to Rome, i.r. n. excommunicates Sancho II. xci. levies a twentieth, LXXXI. on ordination of bastards, CXL. 1, n. influence of his Decretals, xxvii. Gregory XIII. sanctions entrance payments in convents, .r.r. j Gregory of Vercelli, case of, vii. Grosseteste. Bishop, on papal bestowal of bene fices, LXXVIII. n. on appeals to Rome, viii. on evils of dispensations, .cvii. his letters to penitentiaries, .r.r.nvV. Guala, Cardinal, in England, LXXVI. 1, n. his decree on concubinage, LXXXIII. 1, 2, i. xx xv. Guido da Montefeltro, .rvii. HABIT, religious, significance of, CXLIV. cxi.v. 2, CXLVIII. CLX. Halitgar, his Penitential, .r.c.n . | Hands, inunction of, in ordination, xcix. 3. Hanging, complicity in, xxm. xxvn. f>. Heuricus de Bosco, i.xvi. 1. Heresy, conversion from, XXXIM. inquisition against, xxxiv. spontaneous confession of, xxxv. suspicion of, x x x v i . Heretics, almsgiving to, xxxvu. assistance to, xxxvu. 2. communicating with, XXXVIM. burning of, XI.M. disabilities of their children, XL. XLI. fautorship of, CLXXII. 5. Ifcrmandad, la Santa, xv. 1, n. Hermit, return of, to his convent, CLV. lay brother becomes a, CLXVII. Holy Land, vow of, releases other vows, CLX xv. 2. Holy orders, marriage in. cxxvi. irregularities in obtaining, xcix. c. cm. civ. CV. CVI. CVM. CVIII. CIX. CX. CXI. CXII. CXIII. (XIV. (XV. (XVI. Holy See absorbs the dispensing power, .r.crt. Homicide, complicity in, xxiv. xxvi. xxvii. casual, xxv. suspicion of, xxvi. doubtful, xxvii. necessary, XXVIM. tried by purgation, LXXXIX. (Christian burial denied, CLXXVIII. 3. of prelates, jenance for, xiv. of priests, xv. of clerics, absolution for, xvn. penance for, CLXXII. 9. a papal reserved case, CLXXVIII. f>. Homicides, public ]>enance for, x.rv. Honorius III. protects married clergy, .rvii. n. appoints penitentiaries, juvu. Host, unconsecrated, worship of, cxi. P., n. Hugues of Auxerre, case of. vii. Humana, see of, v. 3. INDEX. 179 ICELAND, sale of pardons in, x. * Idolatry of unconsecrated host, cxi. 3, n. Illegitimates not to be ordained, CXL. cxi.i CXL1I. CXLl II. Immunity of ecclesiastics, xv. 5, n. Impediment of mutilation, xvm, 3, 4, 5; xix. of loss of eye, ex. Imprisonment of clerics, xcin. xciv. Incendiarism by priest, LXXXII. Incontinence, fear of, in vows of chastity, CLXXVII. n. Infamy of clerics, XLIII. Innocent I. on penance for broken vows, CLXXVII. n. Innocent II., penance imposed by him, xv. 3, n. Innocent III. on concubinage, LXXXIII, 1, n. on adultery with mother-in-law, rxxxm. penance discretionary with confessor, xv. n. forbids entrance payments in convents, xix. proclaims papal supremacy, xxvii. forbids ordination by Greek bishops, xxxviii. Innocent IV. grants dispensation for homicide, xxv. 17, n. on children of heretics, XLI. n. bestows prebend of Lincoln, LXXVIII. n. grants dispensations for bastards, CXL. 1, n. sells pardons in Iceland, x. his letters of dispensation, xxxiu. Innocent VI., his exaction in Germany, x. Innocent VIII. on absolution for heresy xxxvui. 2, n. Inquisition against heretics, xxxiv. punishes ministration without orders, cxi. 3, n. Inquisition on infamy, XLIII. Inquisitors, confession to, xxxviu. 2. Interdict of church, xc. Interdict, papal, violation of, xci. Inunction of hands in ordination, xcix. 3, xxxviii. Inviolability of clerics, xv. LIT. mr. LIV. LV. LVI. LVII. Lvur. CLXXII. 8, 9, CLXXVIII. 5, 6. Irregularity of ordination, xcix. c. cm. civ. cv. cvi. cvn. cvm. cix. ex. cxi. cxii. cxin. cxiv. CXV. CX VI. JACOB, Master, a penitentiary, xxxii. John VIII., complaints of his pardons, v. John XIX., his laxity in pardoning, vii. has no Penitentiary, xxxii. John XXII. rebukes his penitentiaries, .c. reduces the fees, xxiii. assumes all canonries, LXXVIII. n. asserts power over vows of religion, CLXXVII. n. John of Abbeville, xv. 1, n. John of Amblevi, dispensation for, xxv. 17, n. John, bishop of Liege, iv. 2, n. John of Freiburg on papal power over vows, CLXXVII. n. Josaphat, abbot of, his usury, xcn. 2. Jouarre, convent of, CLXIX. Judaism, conversion of monks to, XLVII. Julius III. reissues the bull Quoniam nonnulli, xxviii. Jurisdiction, struggle between iiajial and epis copal, vi. appellate, of papacy, vii. papal, established, vii. xxvi. i of Penitentiary extended, xxv. \ T A COLOMBE, abbey of, vin. 1. -L^ La Maison Royale de Cuise, CLxvni. Lateran Council, 1139, on violence to clerics, LI i. n. | Lateran Council, 1215, on simony, xn. : on surgery, xxxii. 1. on abuse of papal letters, LI. 2. on trade with Saracens, LXXIX. forbids clandestine marriage, cxxxvin. 1. on entrance payments in convents, xix orders annual confession, xxxi xxxiii. Law, the new canon, LI. 2. xxrii. Lay brother, tonsure of, CLXVII. penance for slaying, CLXXII. 6. Legates, sentences of, LXIII. LXIV. Length of penance, CLXXII. 10. Leo IX. pardons Gregory of Vercelli, vii. Leo X retains pensions on benefices, xxi. n. fixes price of preferment, xxiii. levies commission on sale of offices, xxix. n. Leon, Hermandad in, xv. 1. Leone, authority of his Praxis, xviii. ?i. Lettere, see of, ix. 2. Letters, opening of, xxvn. 7. papal, falsifying of, XLVIII. forgery of, XLIX. xii. suspicion of falsity of, L. abuse of, LI. for concubinarians, LXXXIII. 1, n. effects of sale of, xiii. n. of Penitentiary, form of, xxxiv. n. License to study, LXVI. 2. Limoges, council of, its complaints, vii. Lincoln, Fair of, LXXVI. 1, n. prebends of, filled by pope, LXXVIII. n. Lisbon, bishop of, his quarrel with Sancho II., xci. 2. Lorraine, Duke of, his crusades, cvm. 3. n. Louis, St., on papal control of benefices, LXXVIII. n. resists papal exactions, LXXXI., n. Lupold, bishop of Worms, LXXV. MAINZ, Council of, 1261, on episcopal peni tentiaries, xxxi. n. Major Pcenitentiarius, xxxv. Marriage in holy orders, LXXXIII. 3; xvi. n., ex xvi. of clerks, cxx. exxvi. cxxvir. xvi. n. of consanguinity, cxxi. enforced by fear, cxxii. contract of, under age, cxxin. after solemn vows, cxxiv. after simple vows, cxxv. with adulterous widow, cxxxiv. vow of chastity in, cxxxvii. clandestine, cxxxvni. mock, cxxxix. 180 IN DEX. Marriage, vow of chastity as impediment to, cLxxvn.n. Married men, ordination of, cxxvi. (>. entrance to religion of, cxxix. Marseilles, heretics in, xxxix. Masses for the dead, simony in, i. ix. 2. celebrated by excommunicates, LXXII. LXXIV. in presence of excommunicates, i.xxvi. xci. 2. celebrated without orders, cxi. Master s right over ordained slave, cxvi. n. Mathieu II. of Lorraine, his crusades, cvm. 3, H. Matrimony, see Marriage. Medicine, uncertainty of, xxxi. Mental simony, n. Ministration of sacrament without orders, cxi. Minor forced into monastery, ci.vn. vow of, remitted, ci.i.x. Minor orders, omission of, c. ei. cxn. Minor I enitentiaries, .r.i:rri. n. Mitigation of i>enance, ci.xxn. of religious observance, ci,n. ci.ui. Monastery, simony in admission to, xn. .i-riii. transfer from one to another, ci.vi. reformation of, xevn. 2. Monks, murder of, penance for, xv. 4. quarrels of, xv.t ., xxv. ll.i.n. i.iv. i.xn. l.xx. < vi ., .I .r.ric. . circumcision of, x I.YII. slave, term for reclaiming, cxvi. n. forced back on monastery, cxvu. //. aj>ostate. cxi. ei.xi. .ciii. .rir. n. expulsion of. ci.xiii. YOU of. to enter another order, CL.XIV. not professed, elected as abbot, ei.xv. Montmajonr, abbey of, < V. 1, n. debts of abbot of, .,-.///. Montreuil, case of ollicials of. < LXXII. V Morals, inlluence of Penitentiary on, .IT. artificial standard of, .IT/. Mother-in-law, adultery with, cxxxni. Moya, Father, argues away simony, .o/ r. Murder of prelates, penance for, xiv. of priests, xv. of monk, absolution for, xv. 4. of clerics, absolution for, xvn. Mutilation of clerics, xvm. xix. xx. xxn. VTICHOLAS I., his invitation to sinners, r. 1A Nicholas V. on fees for presentation to orders, iv. 2. //. absolution for concubinage, j-ri. n. Nicholas, S. of Bari. cvm. 2, n. Nidarholm, abbot of, .. Notaries, papal. imj>ortance of, sssvii. Novices, ex i. iv. n..xv. Xorumjus, the, I.I. 2., .rsi iii. Nun, beating of, LII. 4. abnolution for seduction of, svi. n . Nuns excommunicated by their abbess, LXIX. time of probation for, exi,v. profligate, absolution for, .rri. n. Nunneries, simony in admission to, xn. rriii. OATH of officials in the Penitentiary, .r.<u-. n. Oaths, see also Vows. illicit, cxvu. not observed, cxvin. dispensations for, CLXXVII. . Observance, mitigation of religious, cut. CLIII, Offices, public, sale of, .r.rt.r. n. Omission of orders, c. One-eyed priest, disability of, ex. Opus Tripartitum on penitentiaries, .rxxvii. Orders, simony in obtaining, in. iv. v. vi. 2. minor, omission of, c. ci. cxn. celebrating mass without, cxi. marriage in, cxxvi. Ordinary, sentences of, LXVI. Ordination, simony in, in. iv. v. vi. 2. patrimony prerequisite to, iv. 3. without dispensation, i.m. of excommunicates, i.iv. Roman rite of, xcix. .wriii. per saUam, c. doubtful, ci. fraudulent, en. contrary to mandate, cm. cxiv. at improper times, civ. without fasting, cv. without proper intervals, evi. by bishop of another diocese, cvn. evm. by Greek bishops, cvm. eix. .r.c.cvili. under conditions, ex in. cxv. of slaves, cxvi. of married men, exxvi. 6, exxvn. H. without knowledge of wife, cxxxv. of husband of adulterous wife, exxvn. denied to illegitimates, CXL. cxi.i. cxi.in. to sons of heretics, XL. xu. of aj)ostate monks, CLXI. Organization of Penitentiary, .r.r.rr. Orleans, Pastoureaux in, xv. 3. ortu, abbey of, n. xvi. Orvieto, heretics in, xxxiv. 1. Overlying children, xxix. I)ANDULPH, Bishop of Norwich, i.xxvi. 1. Papacy absorbs the dispensing power, .OT/. Papal letters, falsifying of, XLVIII. forgery of, xi.ix .fit. suspicion of falsity of, L. abuse of, i.i. tor concubinarians, i.xxxm. 1, /(. effects of sale of. .riii. n. Papal excommunication, disregard of, LXXV. control of benefices, LXXVIII. interdict, violation of, xci. IKMver over vows and oaths, CLXXVII. n. pardons, effect of, v. jurisdiction, complaints of, vi. established, vii. s.rvi. Pardons for sinners promised, v. sale of, i,r. j-. .ri. defended, r. Parlement of Paris on the greed of the curia, LXXVIII n. Paris, Thatelet de, register of, xv. 5, n. INDEX. 181 Pastoureaux in Orleans, xv. 3. Patrimony required for ordination, iv. 3. Paul III., his Consiliitm, ix. reissues the bull Quoniam nonnulli, xxviii. Paul IV. on ministering without orders, cxi. 3, n. Payments for admission to monasteries, xn. xviii. Pecorario, Giacomo de, cardinal, LXXVI. 2. Penance for murder of bishop, xiv. for murder of Archambaut, xv. 3, n. not prescribed by Penitentiary, xvn. .r.civ. for heresy, xxxin. 1. monastic life as, CLVIII. n. vicarious, CLXXI. reduction of, CLXXII. xxiv. for slaying clerics, CLXXII. 9. length of, CLXXII. 10. for broken vow of chastity, CLXXVII. n. trivial character of, xiv. pecuniary redemption of, xv. public, for homicides, xxv. Penitentials, obsolescence of, xiv. use of, xxx. Penitentiaries rebuked and punished, xi. papal, xxxii. their importance, xxxvii. of bishops, xxxi. Penitentiary does not impose penance, xvir. its jurisdiction over vows, CLXXVII. n. venality of, ix. xi. influence on discipline, xii. influence on morals, xv. its uselessness for good, xxiv. absolution by, xxv. extent of its jurisdiction, xxvi. asserted by Sixtus IV., xxviii. limited by Pius IV., xxix. reformed by Pius V., xxix. reorganized by Benedict XIV.,.w.c. original constitution of, xxx. xxxv. founding of, xxxiii. form of its letters, -xxxiv. n. changes in its organization, xxxv. its seal, xxxvi. n. Pensions on churches, vn. xxi. Pentecost, ordination at, civ. 3. Perjury, penance for, cxvu. absolution for, cxix. monastic life as punishment for, CLVIII. n. Philip, Master, papal nuncio, LXIV. Philippe de Valois complains of clerical im munity, xv. 5, v. Physicians, xxxi. Pier di Corbario, his wife, cxxix. n. Pilgrimage, vows of, CLXXV. 2, 3. papal powers over, CLXXVII. n. to Rome, advantage of, viii. Pirates at Finistierra, xxiv. 6. Pius IV. restricts the Penitentiary, .r.m - . Pius V. reforms the Penitentiary, xxix. Pius IX. on immunity of clergy, xv. 5, n. Placentia, council of, decrees monastic life as punishment, CLVIII. n. Fcenitentiarii minores, xxxvi. n. Pvcnitentiarius Major, xxxv. Pons of Auvergne, case of, vi. Pons de 1 Esparre, xxxix. Popes, disregard of appeal to, LXVI. : J ,, LXVII. LXVIII. their powers over vows, CLXXVII. n. appellate jurisdiction of, vii. they reserve pensions on benefices, xxi. their supremacy over law. xxvii. Postponement of vows, CLXXIV. Power of keys, popular conception of, xvii. Pragmatic Sanction of Louis IX., LXXVIII. n. LXXXI. 11. Prebends, simony in obtaining, ix. 2. conferred by pope, LXXVIII. Precedents, the Formulary a collection of, xviii. Preferment, control of, by pope, LXXVI IF. sale of, by popes, xxiii. not to be required of ordaining bishop, cxv. Prelates, penance for murder of, xiv. Presentation to orders, simony in, iv. v. omission of, en. 2. under conditions, cxnr. Priesthood, vices of, x. xcii. Priests, slave, term for reclaiming, cxvi. n. murder of, xv. concubinary, LXXXIII. LXXXIV. i.xx.xv. marriage of, cxxvi. 3, xi i. n. impossibility of continence, xvi. />. appointed to receive penitents, xxx. sons not to be ordained, CXL. 1, n., ex LIU. Prison, entering religion to escape from. CLVIII. Private sins, trilling penance for, .IT. n. Probation of nuns, term of, ex LV. Promise, simple, to enter religion, CXLIX. Promotion per saltum, c. by bishop of another diocese, evir. cvin. by Greek bishops, cvm. eix. xxxriii. of bastards to holy orders, exi.i. cxi.in. of sons of priests, CXL. 1. ??., CLXIII. of heretics, XL. XLI. Public penance for homicides, xxv. sins, penance for, xv. n. Punishment, monastic life as, CLVIII. n. Purgation, canonical, xi.nr. 1, LXXXIX. /QUARRELS of monks, xv.ti, xxv. 14, LII. i.iv V, LXII. LXX. CV. XXXtV. U. Quatre-temps, ordination in, civ. 2, xxx viii. T) ADULPHUS, a penitentiary, .<MMT. XL Ramon de Periafort, CLIII. compiles the Decretals, xxvii is a penitentiary, xxxii. Raoul. Count, case of, vi. Rape by clerics, xvm. 2, xxn. of betrothed to cousin, cxxxn. Rapolla, see of, cvin. 2. Receiving stolen goods, LXXVII. 3. Reconciliation for heresy, xxxix. Redemption of penance, .IT. 182 I X D E X . Reduction of penance, CLXXII. Reform of Penitentiary by Pius V., .r.cu. of monastery, xcvn. 2. Reims, Council of, 1148, on violence to clerics, LI i. n. suit over a house in..ritV. ?j. Relaxation for ministering without orders, cxi. 3, n. Relaxing of religious observance, CLII. CLIII. Religion, simony in admission to, xn. .rviii. wife of priest should enter, rxxvn. ;>. bastards can be ordained in. CXLIII. conditional entnince to, CXLVI. CXLVIII. entrance of children, CXLVII. transfer from stricter to laxer, CL. CLII. 2. transfer from laxer to stricter, ci.i. forced entrance in, CLVII. .r.r. ;is alternative for prison, ci.vm vows of, in sickness, ci.x. entnince on account of wicked life, CLXVI. prerequisite to ordination, cix. vow to enter, CLXXIV. 1. papal power over, CLXXVII. n. entrance, releases other vows, CLXXV. 3. penance for broken vows of, CLXXVII. it. Religious, ordination of, cm. 1. Reserved papal cases, absolution in, .i-.i-.rri. n. Resignation of benefices simoniacally obtained, VI. 1, VII. IX. X. XI. by excommunicate, xm. Restoration of benefices, vi. 1, ix. -2, x. xm. Resumption of concubine, LXXXV. LXXXVII. Return to religions order, CLV. of monk to convent, CLXIII., .civ. n. Ricardo de Annibali, cardinal, i.m. -2. Robbery, sacrilegious, condoned, LXXVII. 3, .fii. Robert le Hugre, xxxv. _ . \\.\vin. 2. Roman rite of ordination, xcix. .r.r.cciii. Romania, levy on churches of, i.xiv. Rome as a refuge to sinners, r. appellate jurisdiction of, rii. pilgrimage to, its advantage, viii. rapacity of, .r. .ri. Rosadevalle, Hospital of, xxv. r.. SACRAMENT, ministration of, without or ders, cxi. Sale of absolutions by the Penitentiary, i.r. of papal letters, effects of, .riii. n. of public otlices, .rsLr, n. Sal pi, see of, LX. S. Arnand de Rouen, abbey of, LXIX. S. Andrea, castle of, LXV. 3. S. Btirtholomew of Coimbria, prior of, xci 1. S. Catharine of Rouen, abbey of, L. 3, 4. .S. Mateo, abbey of, xxiv. 6. S. Michel au peril de la Mer, abbot of, xm. 1. S. Severino, fief of, LXV. 3. S. Valery, penance of magistrates of, .r.rr. Sancho II., excommunication of, xci. Santa Hcrmandnd, xv. 1, it. Saracens, forbidden trade with, LXXIX. Satisfaction, ssj-iv. n. Scandal more dreaded than sin, cxi. 3, n. Scholars, correction of, xcv. Scrivenership, money value of, xrijc. ; Seal of confessional, violation of, CLVIII. n. Seal of Penitentiary, xjrsvi. n. Sebastian, King, com plains of the Penitentiary, xxix. Secret crimes, cxi. 3, n. Seduction of relative of wife, cxxxi. by priests, dispensations for. .rvi. n. Seez, bishop of, his severity, xcm. Seligenstadt, Council of, on papal jurisdic tion, vi. Self-absolution. LIX. Self-accusation, false, xxx. Self-defence, homicide in, xxv. 17, xxvm. Self-excommunication, LIX. Sentences of legates, LXIII. LXIV. of Ordinaries, LXVI. rendered after appeal, LXVII. LXVIII. Sepulture, CLXXVIII. CLXXIX. Severity, undue, of prelates, xcm. xciv. Sickness, assum])tion of cross in, CLXXVI. -2. vows of religion in, CLX. Sidon, church of, LXIII. Siena, French prelates at council of, Lxxvm.vi. Simon de Montfort, his crusade, xxxv. 2. Simplicius appoints priests for penitents, .m-.r. Simony in spirituals, i. in masses for the dead, i. mental, n. in obtaining orders, in. iv. v. vi. 2. after receiving orders, v. in obtaining benefices, vi. vn. ix. x. XL in elections, vm. in obtaining prebends, ix. -2. in admission to monasteries, xn. .rviii. influence of Penitentiary on, j-rm. means of eluding penalties, j-.ri. Simple vows, marriage after, cxxv. Sins, future, absolution for, xrii. Sixtus IV. asserts the jurisdiction of the Peni tentiary, wiU. organization of Penitentiary under, x.r.n-. Sixtus V. on ministering without orders, cxi. 3, n. Slaves, ordination of, cxvi. Solemn vows, marriage after, cxxiv. Sons of priests not to be ordained, CXL. 1, ., ex LI i. of heretics, promotion of, XL. xi.r. Sons and fathers ministering together, CXLII. Spain, vow to fight Saracens in, CLXXVI. 1. Stephen of Clermont complains to John XIX., vi. Stephen, archbishop of Gran, LXXVI. 2. Study, licence to, LXVI. 2. Subdeacons, marriage of, cxxvi. 2,4, f>, cxxvn. 2, (XXXV. Subdiaconate, omission of, c. 2, cxii. 2. simultaneous with minor orders, cvi. before fourteenth year, CLVII, 2. Substitutes for crusaders, CLXXVI. 2, CLXXVII. 2. Supremacy, papal, xxvii. Surgeons, xxxn. Suspension, disregard of, LXXII. LXXIII. for concubinage, LXXXVI. INDEX. 183 Suspicion of homicide, xxvi. of heresy, xxxvi. of falsity, L. Synod, excommunication for not attending, LXXI. mARANTAISE, archbishop of, his severity, 1 xciv. 1. Taxes of the Penitentiary, .c. Teresa, St., requires dower for receiving nuns, xx, Terouane, see of, cxxxvm. 1. married clergy in, .rvii. n. Theft by priest from his church, LIX. LXXVII. Thief, marking of, xxi. complicity in capture of, xxvii. (5. Thierri, archbishop of Ravenna, LXIII. Thomas of Capua, cardinal, LXIII. LXVI. Thomasius Gaetanus, Jacobus, .c.c.crm. Times prescribed for ordination, civ. .r.r.rriii. Tonsure of lay brother, CLXVII. Tortiboli, see of, cvm. 3. Tours, Council of, on entrance in convents, xviii. Trade, forbidden, with Saracens, LXXIX. Transfer from one religious order to another, CL. CLI. CLII. 2, CLV. from a monastery to another, CLVI. of fiefs to Frederic II., LXV. 3. Transgression of vows, CLXXIII. Trent, Council of, on dispensations for bastards, CXL. 1, n. on entrance payments in convents, .c.c. asked to limit the Penitentiary, .r.ri.c Trial by computation, XLIII. 1, LXXXIX. Tribur, Council of, on papal jurisdiction, ri. Twentieth levied by Gregory IX., LXXXI. UNCTION of hands requisite to ordination, xxxviii. Urban VIII. establishes Congregation of Im munities, xv. 5, ?i. restores jurisdiction to Penitentiary, .r.ri.c. I Usurers, Christian burial denied, C l.xxvin. 2, CLXXIX. Usury, condemnation of, xcn. VAGABOND monk, rxi. .cm. it. Valladolid, carta de, xv 1, ?/. Valsery, convent of, CLXVII i. Venality of Penitentiary, i.r. .ri. Venesection, xxxn. 2. Venice, relics of St. Nicholas at, cvm. 2, ?/. Vicarious penance. CLXXI. Vienne, Council of, provides for Penitentiary Violence to clerics, xv. i.n. i LVII. LVIII. LXIII. CLXXII. -2, .c.c.ci r. n. a papal reserved case, CLXXVIII. (>. Vow, simple, marriage after, cxxv. solemn, marriage after, cxxiv. of chastity by wife of priest, cxxvn. ex xx vi. in marriage, cxxxvii. of religion taken in sickness, ci.x. of monk to enter another order, CLMV. of minor remitted, CLIX. transgression of, CLXXIII. postponement of, CLXXIV. under condition, CLXXVI. absolution from, CLXXVII. foolish, not to be observed, CLXXVII. n. list of those not to be observed, CLX \ vn. n of pilgrimage reserved to pope, ci.x.xvn. // WAX given for ordination, v. : .. Wife of priest takes vow of chastity, CXXVII. 3, ( XXXVI. of monk must enter nunnery, ex x i x . i> . entrance to religion of, cxxx. ordination without her knowledge, cxxxv. ordination with her consent, cxxxvi. Wood for burning heretics, XLII. Wrestling, homicide in, xxv. 7, xxvni. 4. , Council of, on general confes>ors. WORKS BY THE SAME AITIIOK. A HISTORY OF THE INQUISITION OF THE MIDDLE AGES. In throe octavo volumes, cloth, $9.00. (Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.) The author has neglected nothing to arrive at a profound knowledge of his subject ; he has examined the vast literature, general and special, to which the Inquisition and heresy have given birth, and he knows it with exactitude. He has held in his hands the original documents, and when he has been unable to do so himself he has had valuable collaborators in Europe who have consulted the archives for him and collated MSS. Add to this the temperament of an historian, a criticism at once severe and judicious, a real talent of exposition, and you can understand how the author has been able to execute his plan. PROFESSOR E. MONTET, in the Annales de Bibliographic TMoloyitjue. The last in point of time, this is the first and only history of the Inquisition as to value. Independence, erudition, completeness, impartiality are not the only but the principal qualities which illustrate his narrative. PROFESSOR COMB A, in the Arcfdvio Vencto. This masterly work is the most complete that exists on the history of the Inquisition from its origin to the Reformation. PROFESSOR Tocco, in the Archivio Storico Italiano. The book is in every respect remarkable, very impartial and exclusively based on original sources. It must speedily cast into oblivion most of its predecessors. A. MOUNTER, in the Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Geschichtswissenschaft, 1890. Lea s comprehensive and careful work is a new proof that the critical method of historical research and presentation, that creation chiefly of the German spirit, has obtained recognition beyond the Atlantic. He is the first who has undertaken not only to write a complete history of the Inquisition from the original sources, but to treat this terrible phenomenon in a spirit which is tolerant even of intolerance, and he has understood ho\v to present his subject in a manner which is equally stimulating to the cultured reader and to the special student. WILHELM BERNARD:, in the Historische Zeitschrift. It is little to say now that he equals Buckle in the extent and surpasses him in the intelligent choice and regulation of his reading. He is armed at all points. His information is comprehensive, minute, exact, and everywhere sufficient if not everywhere complete. Not his acquaintance with rare books only, which might be the curiosity of an epicurean, but with the right and appropriate book, amazes the reader. LORD ACTON, in the English Historical Review. He has chosen a subject of extreme interest and importance, and has treated it in a manner that leaves nothing to be desired with respect to erudition, while at the same time he has produced a thoroughly readable book, well arranged, full of incident, and vigorously written. London Saturday Review. STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY. THE RISE OF THE TEMPORAL POWER. BENEFIT OF CLERGY. EXCOMMUNICATION. THE EARLY CHURCH AND SLAVERY. Second edition, revised. In one volume, royal 12mo., cloth, $2.50. (Published by LEA BROTHERS & Co., Philadelphia.) They deal at great length, and apparently with much care, and as the result of long and well-directed research, with many of the most interesting controversies of the ancient and mediaeval church ; and they contain much information that will be new at any rate to all but ecclesiastical scholars. The papers on primitive discipline and on. the abuse of excommunication in later times contain a mass of curious and interesting particulars which will fix the attention of the reader who dips into them however hastily, and will give to many a clearer idea than they ever before entertained of the abuses of power which led to the great revolt of the Reformation, and to many of those revolts, less famous because unsuccessful, which preceded it. London Saturday Review. The author is preeminently a scholar; he takes up every topic allied with the leading theme and traces it out to the minutest detail with a wealth of knowledge and impartiality of treatment that compel admiration. The amount of information compressed into the book is extraordinary, and the profuse citation of authorities and references makes the work particularly valuable to the student who desires an exhaustive review from original sources. In no other single volume is the development of the primitive church traced with so much clearness and with so definite a perception of complex or conflicting forces. Boston Traveller. WORKS BY THE SAME Al THOR. AN HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SACERDOTAL CELIBACY IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Second and enlarged edition in one volume octavo, cloth, $4 50. (Published by HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co., Boston.) This subject has recently been treated with very great learning and with admirable impartiality by an American author, Mr. Henry C. Lea, in his History of Sacerdotal Celibacy, which is certainly one of the most valnuble works that America has produced. Since the great history of Dean Milman, I know no work in English which has thrown more lighten the moral condition of the Middle Ages, and none which is more fitted to dispel the gross illusions concerning that period which positive writers and writers of a certain ecclesiastical school have conspired to sustain. Iscky s History of European Morals, Chap. V. His chapter on the Anglican church is perhaps the most connected and most satisfactory account of our own Reformation, as to the question of celibacy or marriage, that could be found. Quarterly Review. CHAPTERS FROM THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF SPAIN CONNECTED WITH THE INQUISITION. CENSORSHIP OF Tin; PRESS. MYSTICS AND ILLUMINATI. EXDEMONIADAS. El, SANTO NlNO DE LA GuARDIA. BRIAXDA DE BAKDAXI. In one volume, royal 12mo., cloth, 2.;">0. (Published by LEA BROTHERS Ac Co, Philadelphia.) The width, deptli and thoroughness of research which have earned Dr. Lea a high European place as the ablest historian the Inquisition has yet found are here applied to some side-issues of that great subject. We have only to say of this volume that it worthily com plements the author s earlier studies in ecclesiastical history. His extensive and minute learning, much of it from inedited manuscripts in Mexico, appears on every page.-/xwdo?i Antiquary, Jan., I so I. After attentively reading the work one does not know whether the author is a Catholic , a Protestant or a free-thinker. This moderation deprives the indictment of none of its force. The facts and the documents, of which the number and novelty attest a patient erudition, arc grouped in luminous order and produce on the render an etfect all the more powerful in that it seems the less designed. When we add that the style is in every way excellent, that it is clear, sober and precise, we do full justice to a work which reflects the highest honor on the talents of the writer and on the method of the modern school of history. Renic Critique <V Hisloire et <lc. Literature, Paris, Jan., IKIH. It is a work of such painstaking scholarship, such mastery of detail, and shows such long and laborious research that we feel that we are doing it injustice to dismiss it with a brief review. It contains a mass of unpublished and inedited material- and is the most valuable contribution to the intricate period it treats of that has yet been given to English readers. The Church Review, Oct., 1890. PREPARING. SUPERSTITION AND FORCE. ESSAYS ON THE WAGER OF LAW, THE WAGER OF BATTLE, THE ORDEAL AND TORTURE. Fourth edition, revised. In one volume, royal 12mo. (Nearly ready, by LEA BROTHERS & Co., Philadelphia.) Mr. Lea s curious historical monographs, of which one of the most important is here produced in an enlarged form, have given him a unique position among English and American scholars. He is distinguished for his recondite and affluent learning, his power of exhaustive historical analysis, the breadth and accuracy of his researches among the rarer sources of knowledge, the gravity and temperance of his statements, combined with singular earnestness of conviction, and his warm attachment to the cause of freedom and intellectual progress. New York Tribune, August 9, 1X78. A HISTORY OF AURICULAR CONFESSION AND INDULGENCES IN THE LATIN CHURCH. In one octavo volume. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY Acme Library Card Pocket Under Pat. " R e f . Index File." Made by LIBRARY BUREAU